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The present paper adopts a social identity perspective to examine the relationship between community-based identification and well-being, resilience and willingness to pay back in the context of urban regeneration. A sample of 104 residents across five deprived urban areas in the southwest of England that have recently undergone or are about to undergo regeneration projects completed a survey. The results demonstrate that areas where a more community-centred, bottom-up, approach to regeneration was taken (i.e., 'culture-led') showed higher levels of community cohesion than areas where the community dynamics were ignored (i.e., a 'top-down' approach to regeneration). Increased community identification was linked to greater perceived social support, community-esteem, personal self-esteem and self-efficacy. These psychological processes were, in turn, linked to increased resilience and well-being, as well as a stronger willingness to pay back to the community. The results are consistent with the social identity approach. Implications for urban regeneration strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, in the Northwest of England, has trained over 500 staff in the Knowledge and Understanding Framework, level 1 personality disorder awareness training. This is a 3-day nationally devised training programme delivered via an innovative co-production model (i.e. co-delivery and partnership working with service users who have lived experience). This paper provides quantitative and qualitative information on the effectiveness of training delivery and also serves to provide some insight into the impact of service-user involvement via such a co-production model. Information on 162 participants using the Knowledge and Understanding Framework bespoke questionnaire (Personality Disorder Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire) suggests that the training can be effectively delivered by and within a local NHS Mental Health Trust. Results immediately post-training suggest an improvement in levels of understanding and capability efficacy and a reduction in negative emotional reactions. Indications from a 3-month follow-up suggest that while understanding and emotional reaction remain improved, capability efficacy regresses back to pre-training levels, suggesting the need for ongoing supervision and/or support to consolidate skills. Discussion includes guidelines for the implementation of a truly integrated co-production model of training provision, as well as advice relating to the maximization of long-term benefits. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Peer supporters are individuals with lived experience and are an integral part of health care systems, providing support to those affected by various phenomena such as homelessness and addictions. However, little is known about the critical elements that underpin peer support interventions. This qualitative study sought to understand the critical elements of intentional peer support with a homeless population, voiced by those who provide and/or receive this support. Twenty‐nine participants from 4 different homeless charities in England were interviewed about their experiences of providing/receiving peer support and what they felt were critical factors to its success. Participants defined peer support as an experience‐based relationship, built upon mutual understanding, empathy, and support. Thematic analysis was utilised to in developing 6 themes. Results identified peers' persistence in developing unique experience‐based relationships, providing social support, role modelling recovery, and peers' motivations were perceived as important factors involved in peer support. It was also found that peers described benefitting from helping, such as, undergoing transformative identity developments that helped them to escape homelessness. Through the retelling of their stories, they create meaning and restructure their autobiography, attributing experiences of homelessness as a catalyst for positive changes in their lives. Limitations and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To provide an understanding of the factors that discouraged staff members from using a new web-based platform ( CAMHSweb) with young people in a child and adolescent mental health service ( CAMHS). Although evidence-based service improvement technology like CAMHSweb is becoming more common in child mental health, the staff-level barriers to the use of web-based platforms have not been explored in depth in the literature. Method Semi-structured interviews with six employees were carried out in a London-based child mental health service that a preliminary audit had identified as having a poor utilisation of the platform. All participants had previously been invited to use the platform as part of their clinical work. Results were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006). Findings Three overarching themes covered staff's practical, personal and philosophical barriers to implementation. Interviewees believed that CAMHSweb was too challenging to implement, that it was not an asset to therapists, and that it interfered with the therapeutic process. Discussion and Implications These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the multiple factors that may discourage clinicians from using web-based platforms. This may have implications for researchers or practitioners who aim to design or implement technology in child mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caring is a positive social act, but can it result in negative attitudes towards those cared for, and towards others from their wider social group? Based on intergroup contact theory, we tested whether care workers' (CWs) positive and negative contact with old-age care home residents (CHRs) predicts prejudiced attitudes towards that group, and whether this generalises to other older people. Fifty-six CWs were surveyed about their positive and negative contact with CHRs and their blatant and subtle attitudes (humanness attributions) towards CHRs and older adults. We tested indirect paths from contact with CHRs to attitudes towards older adults via attitudes towards CHRs. Results showed that neither positive nor negative contact generalised blatant ageism. However, the effect of negative, but not positive, contact on the denial of humanness to CHRs generalised to subtle ageism towards older adults. This evidence has practical implications for management of CWs' work experiences and theoretical implications, suggesting that negative contact with a subgroup generalises the attribution of humanness to superordinate groups. Because it is difficult to identify and challenge subtle prejudices such as dehumanisation, it may be especially important to reduce negative contact. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of maternal death on maternity professionals, and their related professional and personal needs.Material and Methods: A qualitative study comprising semi-structured interviews in a UK inner-city academic maternity unit with over 5000 deliveries annually. Purposive sampling was utilized and semi-structured face-to-face interviews were performed with 14 healthcare professionals: four midwives, five doctors in training grades (trainees) and five consultant obstetricians. Identification of key themes was derived by textual analysis.Results: Five main themes were identified: professional culture, organizational culture and external expectation; personal blame and debriefing; professional training; shaping the training; support and counseling. Maternal death has a major impact on professionals' feelings of grief, guilt and shame, which they are reluctant to talk about. Maternity professionals expressed a desire for training to prepare themselves to respond effectively in the event of maternal death. There was ambiguity about "debriefing" within a changing institutional culture.Conclusions: Maternal death is a devastating consequence of pregnancy. If these findings are replicated by interviewing a greater number and breadth of maternity professionals, then healthcare institutions need to develop appropriate training to prepare and help staff, which should improve the support they can give to the bereaved and to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Health care providers frequently issue a verbal warning before venipuncture. Communications that induce negative expectations in patients can lead to the 'nocebo' response, defined as experiencing greater pain. But is this also true for 'sharp scratch'? Methods The study was conducted across 4 U.K. hospitals. Two separate surveys of health care providers and patients explored the prevalence, phraseology, rationale, and reaction to verbal warnings before venipuncture. Blinded adult patients already attending an outpatient department during a 2-week period were randomized to hearing a 'sharp scratch' or the verbal cue 'ready?' immediately before venipuncture. They were also asked to rate their pain (the primary outcome). Results 77% of 117 health care providers surveyed issued a verbal warning before venipuncture; 73% used 'sharp scratch'. Of 62 patients surveyed, 56% agreed that 'sharp scratch' accurately describes venipuncture, and 64% agreed that they prefer 'sharp scratch' to no warning. With increasing age, a preference came for an alternative warning to 'sharp scratch' ( P = 0.039) and to be distracted by conversation ( P = 0.002). Of 192 patients in the randomized study, there was no difference in pain between the 'sharp scratch' and 'ready' groups. The numeric rating scores were 0.74 SD 1.06 vs. 0.88 SD 1.18, respectively. ( P = 0.493). Conclusions Most health care providers use the verbal warning 'sharp scratch' before venipuncture. Most patients find this acceptable and prefer it to no warning. An exception may be elderly patients, who may prefer to be distracted by conversation. 'Sharp scratch' makes no difference to the pain experienced compared with a verbal cue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The views of children diagnosed with ADHD have, until recently, largely been neglected in research, policy and practice. This article focuses on qualitative research which explored children's lived experience, drawing attention to the ways that they actively 'take' responsibility for managing their physical, psychological and emotional well-being within the constraints of a medical diagnosis. The neglect of a tradition which asks children about their own experiences of ADHD is crucially bound up with children's low social and political status in UK society and notions of competency and responsibility in relation to ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Women with one previous caesarean section must decide which mode of delivery they would prefer in their next pregnancy. This involves a choice between attempted vaginal birth and elective caesarean section. Objective To explore women's mode of delivery preferences and the values placed on the outcomes of decision making. Greater insight into these issues could benefit both clinical care and future research. Design Observational study using longitudinal data collected within a randomized controlled trial. Setting and Participants Seven hundred and forty-two women with one previous caesarean section recruited at four antenatal clinics in South West England and Scotland. Main outcome measures Mode of delivery preference recorded at 19 and 37 weeks' gestation and visual analogue scale ratings of health and delivery outcomes. Results Comparison of mid and late pregnancy preferences and actual mode of delivery shows that 57% of women hold the same mode of delivery preferences at both times and 65% of women actually have the birth they prefer. The visual analogue scale ratings show variation in the way women value the outcomes of the decision. Discussion and Conclusions Understanding the way women's mode of delivery preferences change, how these relate to actual mode of delivery and how women value the outcomes of their decision will be beneficial to health professionals who wish to support women both during pregnancy and after birth. In addition, the visual analogue scale ratings provide evidence that may improve the development of population-level and economic models of decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When people occupy different social positions within a cooperative task they experience discrepant role and situation demands and thus have divergent perspectives. The reported research predicts that exchanging social positions within a cooperative task can overcome divergences of perspective. This prediction was tested in two experiments using the Communication Conflict Situation. The first experiment ( n = 88) found that position exchange increased the ability of dyads to solve a communication conflict arising through discrepant perspectives. The second experiment ( n = 120) found that the effect of position exchange exceeds that of purely cognitive perspective taking, thus suggesting that it cannot be reduced to a purely cognitive process. Exchanging social positions is a newly identified and powerful social mechanism through which perspective taking, within a cooperative task, can be enhanced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty-one surgical consultants, registrars and senior registrars in NHS hospitals in the West Midlands (UK) were interviewed about psychological aspects of cancer surgery: information given to patients, the bad news interview, psychological risk factors in surgery, psychiatric morbidity, difficult patients, and care of the dying. Information that tended to be provided infrequently included the cause of the disease, the effects of surgery on sexual functioning, and psychological side-effects of the surgery. Surgeons most often answered incompletely patients' questions about prognosis, effects of surgery on sexual functioning, the presence of malignancy, and probable length of life. Concerning the disclosure of malignancy, 37% said they always tell the patient; 8% tell virtually all patients; 49% tell the patient depending on the patient's and relatives' wishes; and 6% tell the relatives and possibly the patient. A common strategy among 49% is to use the word ‘growth’ and wait for the patient to ask further. Few surgeons took even the briefest psychiatric history, and only the most severe post-operative psychological complications were referred to psychiatrists. The most difficult patients for surgeons to manage were emotionally labile, angry, demanding, controlling, refusing treatment, or predicting failure. The surgeons in this sample clearly struggled with their role as giver of bad news and with the consequent emotional reactions of the patient. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]