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Practical methodologies that include food safety and hygiene education in pedagogical activities are strategies to prevent foodborne diseases (FBDs). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of 7th‐grade middle school students regarding food microbiology and food safety, and to apply workshop‐based educational strategies that focus on scientific literacy. The students (144) were initially evaluated using a Likert‐scale questionnaire (pre‐intervention, Q0) with ten objective questions on microbiology and food safety. Once the questionnaire was evaluated, interventions were conducted through five science workshops of 50 min, over a period of 5 months. The workshops included educational games, laboratory practices, videos, and lectures that addressed microorganisms that are known to cause the most common FBDs in Brazil. After each workshop, students were asked to express their opinions and understanding of the content through semi‐structured interviews. Six months after the end of the practical interventions, the students completed a second identical Likert‐scale questionnaire (post‐intervention, Q1), and the answers to both questionnaires (Q0 and Q1) were analyzed by calculating the middle rank. The middle rank of Q1 (mean = 0.65 ± 0.13) was 21% greater than the middle rank of Q0 (mean = 0.44 ± 0.16), and statistical significance was observed (p =.0135). This demonstrates that new information acquired during the workshops positively influenced learning. We believe that when practical approaches to food safety are included in school education as a priority, the prevalence of FBD will decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Leprosy still represents a public health concern in Brazil. The country is the only one in America not to reach the global goal of leprosy disease control. Hence, this study aimed to assess the temporal, spatial and space–time patterns of leprosy cases in Brazil of the 20‐year time series 2001–2020. Methods: An ecological and population‐based analysis was carried out, applying temporal and spatial techniques, and using the detection coefficient of sociodemographic and clinical–epidemiological variables of leprosy new cases in the 5570 municipalities of Brazil. Temporal trends were assessed using a segmented linear regression model. For spatial analysis, global and local Moran indexes were applied, and space–time scan statistics was used to identify risk clusters. Results: The mean detection coefficient was 19.36/100,000 inhabitants, with a higher occurrence among men (21.29/100,000 inhabitants) and in the 60–69 age group (36.31/100,000). A decreasing temporal trend was observed in the country (annual percentage change: −5.20% per year). The North and Midwest regions were the most affected, exhibiting municipalities with a high/high standard, and with the highest annual percentage increase of multibacillary (MB) cases. Leprosy has a heterogeneous distribution throughout Brazil, but with high‐risk spatiotemporal clusters, mainly located in the North and Midwest regions. Conclusion: Although Brazil has shown a decreasing temporal trend during the past 20 years, the country is still classified as highly endemic for leprosy, showing an increase in the proportion of new MB cases over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemics in general and dengue in particular surcharge the health services and the economy. However, the fighting actions are circumscribed to the health sector despite the known positive economic impacts that the investments in water supply and sanitation services (WSS) may cause on society and public health. Besides the fact that urban WSS infrastructure is closely linked to disease prevention, in Brazil, the user's perception and demand are very few and many institutional aspects, like the integration between local WSS, health, environment, and development of city councils, need to be improved and better aligned. In this way, disease control and vector density reduction remain challenges to be overcome. This article addresses the need for greater institutionalization of urban WSS relating them to health aspects from official data. It concludes that the negative impacts of lacking universal access to WSS on dengue and other mosquito diseases are dispersed in all cities, regions, and populations regardless of their degree of development. Furthermore, contrary to what is normally emphasized, the analysis carried out shows that the lack of urban stormwater management systems may be an important component of WSS in preventing the proliferation of dengue disease. Plain Language Summary: From the outbreak of COVID‐19, the importance of public health services has been highlighted. However, there are many other diseases that deserve attention as those that arise from the presence of mosquitoes and that are directly related to climate and its changes. This study seeks to correlate data, in Brazil Dengue epidemics with the existing urban infrastructure, especially those related to water supply and sanitation service (WSS), because their absence or insufficiency, and incompleteness propitiates the emergence and proliferation of mosquitoes. The conclusion is that in all urban areas, rich or poor, the problem exists and correlates with the WSS infrastructures. The subject deserves further study and verification in detail of the existing and missing infrastructure and its correlation with the incidence rates of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika diseases. Key Points: Aedes vector‐based diseases, urban water Infrastructure, and socio‐economic variables were analyzed across comparable territories in BrazilAedes vector‐based disease cases in urban areas are correlated with water supply irregularity and total urban population at water riskAnalysis per climate and population density allow to perceive the impact of faulty drainage services in Aedes vector‐based diseases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "HIV testing and the care continuum among transgender women: population estimates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil," by Emilia M. Jalil and colleagues, published in the 2017 issue of the "Journal of the International AIDS Society," is presented.