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An increasing number of small proteins has been identified in the genomes of well-annotated organisms, including the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We describe a newly assigned protein comprising 37 amino acids that is encoded upstream of the superoxide dismutase SodB encoding gene. To clarify the role of SliP4, we analyzed a Synechocystis sliP4 mutant and a strain containing a fully active, Flag-tagged variant of SliP4 (SliP4.f). The initial hypothesis that this small protein might be functionally related to SodB could not be supported. Instead, we provide evidence that it fulfills important functions related to the organization of photosynthetic complexes. Therefore, we named it a small light-induced protein of 4 kDa, SliP4. This protein is strongly induced under high-light conditions. The lack of SliP4 causes a light-sensitive phenotype due to impaired cyclic electron flow and state transitions. Interestingly, SliP4.f was co-isolated with NDH1 complex and both photosystems. The interaction between SliP4.f and all three types of complexes was further confirmed by additional pulldowns and 2D-electrophoreses. We propose that the dimeric SliP4 serves as a molecular glue promoting the aggregation of thylakoid complexes, which contributes to different electron transfer modes and energy dissipation under stress conditions., (© 2023 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.)