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The employment of the hexyl-substituted anion [HexCB11 Cl11 ]- allowed the synthesis of a ZnII species, Zn[HexCB11 Cl11 ]2 , 3, in which the Zn2+ cation is only weakly coordinated to two carborate counterions and that is soluble in low polarity organic solvents such as bromobenzene. DOSY NMR studies show the facile displacement of at least one of the counterions, and this near nakedness of the cation results in high catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of 1-hexene and 1-methyl-1cyclohexene. Fluoride ion affinity (FIA) calculations reveal a solution Lewis acidity of 3 (FIA=262.1 kJ mol-1 ) that is higher than that of the landmark Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 (FIA=220.5 kJ mol-1 ). This high Lewis acidity leads to a high activity in catalytic CO2 and Ph2 CO reduction by Et3 SiH and hydrogenation of 1,1-diphenylethylene using 1,4-cyclohexadiene as the hydrogen source. Compound 3 was characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT studies.

Recently, cadmium-containing additives for plastics have been designated as undesirable environmentally. Prior to this adverse characterization of cadmium derivatives most flexible vinyl in the United States involving severe stabilizer demand during processing or service utilized metal blends based on cadmium salts. As a result many vinyl formulators have been forced to find suitable alternatives. Replacement of a stabilizer composed of specific levels of barium/cadmium salts in flexible vinyl with another containing the same levels of barium/zinc has been found to give dramatically reduced performance in heat stability tests. Results of this study has shown that satisfactory replacement of barium/cadmium/zinc or barium/cadmium systems in flexible vinyl is possible with barium/zinc stabilizers. This replacement appears to depend on higher barium-to-zinc ratios than those utilized in barium/cadmium analogs, use of special ligands that compensate for the smaller sized zinc cation; and prevention of their destruction by inadvertent addition of competitors.

Bei der ionotropen Gelbildung von anionischen Cellulosederivaten wurde Ionenspezifitat und Synergismus von Pb-, La-, Tl- und Zn-Kationen auf die Kapillarbildung bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von zwei verschiendenen, auf unterschiedliche Gegenionen ansprechende anionische Gruppen (Carboxymethyl- und Xanthogenatgruppen) an der gleichen Polymerkette untersucht. Dabei wurde das System des doppelanionischen Polyelektrolyten mit der Mischung aus Carboxymethylcellulose und Cellulosexanthogenat verglichen. Die mittels Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie erhaltenen Ergebnisse zur Morphologie werden mitgeteilt und interpretiert. The ion specifity and the synergism of Pb, La, T1 and Zn cations in the capillar formation in presence of two different anionic groups (carboxymethyl and xanthate groups), responding to different counter ions, at the same polymer chain have been investigated. The double-ionic polyelect,rolyte was compared with the mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose xanthate. The optical and electron microscopic results with respect to the morphology of these gel structures are presented and interpreted.