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117,296 results on '"plant science"'

1. Innovation in plant and soil sciences to tackle critical global challenges

Author

Katie J. Field, Yolima Carrillo, Stuart A. Campbell, Jurriaan Ton, and Adam Frew

Subjects
adaptation, climate change, global challenges, mitigation, plant science, soil science, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Innovations in plant and soil sciences are revolutionising our approach to sustainability, offering solutions with broad societal impacts. Discoveries in these fields hold great potential for combatting, mitigating and adapting to climate change; enhancing food security; and revitalising urban environments. By harnessing the power of plants and the soils they grow in, it is possible to cultivate resilience in the face of environmental challenges, informing policy and practice, and thereby guiding us towards a more sustainable future.

Published
2024
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2. Imaging Metabolic Flow of Water in Plants with Isotope‐Traced Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Author

Simin Bi, Jianpeng Ao, Ting Jiang, Xianmiao Zhu, Yimin Zhu, Weibing Yang, Binglian Zheng, and Minbiao Ji

Subjects
label‐free imaging, plant science, stimulated Raman scattering, water metabolism, Science
Abstract

Abstract Water plays a vital role in the life cycle of plants, participating in various critical biochemical reactions during both non‐photosynthetic and photosynthetic processes. Direct visualization of the metabolic activities of water in plants with high spatiotemporal resolution is essential to reveal the functional utilization of water. Here, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is applied to monitor the metabolic processes of deuterated water (D2O) in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). The work shows that in plants uptaking D2O/water solution, proton‐transfer from water to organic metabolites results in the formation of C‐D bonds in newly synthesized biomolecules (lipid, protein, and polysaccharides, etc.) that allow high‐resolution detection with SRS. Reversible metabolic pathways of oil‐starch conversion between seed germination and seed development processes are verified. Spatial heterogeneity of metabolic activities along the vertical axis of plants (root, stem, and tip meristem), as well as the radial distributions of secondary growth on the horizontal cross‐sections are quantified. Furthermore, metabolic flow of protons from plants to animals is visualized in aphids feeding on A. thaliana. Collectively, SRS microscopy has potential to trace a broad range of matter flows in plants, such as carbon storage and nutrition metabolism.

Published
2024
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3. Interdisciplinarity through internationality: Results from a US–Mexico graduate course bridging computational and plant science

Author

Daniel H. Chitwood, Alejandra Rougon‐Cardoso, and Robert VanBuren

Subjects
computational science, interdisciplinarity, international education, plant science, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Interdisciplinarity is used to integrate and synthesize new research directions between scientific domains, but it is not the only means by which to generate novelty by bringing diverse perspectives together. Internationality draws upon cultural and linguistic diversity that can potentially impact interdisciplinarity as well. We created an interdisciplinary class originally intended to bridge computational and plant science that eventually became international in scope, including students from the United States and Mexico. We administered a survey over 4 years designed to evaluate student expertise. The first year of the survey included only US students and demonstrated that biology and computational student groups have distinct expertise but can learn the skills of the other group over the course of a semester. Modeling of survey responses shows that biological and computational science expertise is equally distributed between US and Mexico student groups, but that nonetheless, these groups can be predicted based on survey responses due to subspecialization within each domain. Unlike interdisciplinarity, differences arising from internationality are mostly static and do not change with educational intervention and include unique skills such as working across languages. We end by discussing a distinct form of interdisciplinarity that arises through internationality and the implications of globalizing research and education efforts.

Published
2024
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4. Building an inclusive botany: The 'radicle' dream

Author

Makenzie E. Mabry, Nuala Caomhanach, R. Shawn Abrahams, Michelle L. Gaynor, Kasey Khanh Pham, Tanisha M. Williams, Kathleen S. Murphy, Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, Douglas E. Soltis, and Pamela S. Soltis

Subjects
accessibility, botany, colonialism, history of science, participatory science, plant science, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Societal Impact Statement It is important to recognize how our current understanding of plants has been shaped by diverse cultural contexts, as this underscores the importance of valuing and incorporating contributions from all knowledge systems in scientific pursuits. This approach emphasizes the ongoing bias, including within scientific practices, and the necessity of discussing problematic histories within spaces of learning. It is crucial to acknowledge and address biases, even within scientific endeavors. Doing so fosters a more inclusive and equitable scientific community. This article, while not comprehensive, serves as a starting point for conversation and an introduction to current work on these topics. Summary In response to a global dialog about systemic racism, ongoing inequalities, appeals to decolonize science, and the many recent calls for diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion, we draw on the narratives of plants to revisit the history of botany. Our goal is to uncover how exclusionary practices have functioned in the past and persist today. We also explore the numerous opportunities and challenges that arise in the era of information as we strive to establish a more inclusive field of botany. This approach recognizes and honors the contributions of historically marginalized groups, such as Black and Indigenous communities. We hope that this article can serve as a catalyst for raising awareness, fostering contemplation, and driving action toward a more equitable and just scientific community.

Published
2024
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6. Botanical boom: A new opportunity to promote the public appreciation of botany

Author

Rory Burke, Orla L. Sherwood, Stephanie Clune, Rebecca Carroll, Paul F. McCabe, Adam Kane, and Joanna Kacprzyk

Subjects
botany, education, plant awareness disparity, plant science, science communication, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Societal Impact Statement Plants are indispensable to life on Earth. Securing our future requires protecting plant biodiversity and the development of climate‐resilient crops. Activities fostering public appreciation of plant science, and promoting plant‐related professions, are therefore critical. These efforts can be hindered by plant awareness disparity, manifesting as difficulty in recognizing the presence and importance of plants. However, interest in plants as a hobby and as lifestyle elements has rapidly increased in younger demographics over the last decade. We suggest these topics should be exploited urgently by researchers and educators to increase further the reach of science communication, thereby enhancing societal awareness of botany and stimulating interest in plant‐related degrees and career pathways. Summary Plants are the basis of life on Earth as we know it and the study of plants is essential to protect our future. Yet botany and plant science are in crisis and suffer a low uptake at the level of undergraduate degrees. Increasing science communication about exciting advances in our knowledge of plants and their importance to society may be a strategy to counteract this. Here, we comment on the recent trends in the public perception of plants and explore them using infoveillance tools. Our observations highlight that paradoxically over the last decade public interest in plant‐related topics has increased considerably, with the advent of a new type of social media influencer—‘plantfluencers’. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate that the COVID‐19 pandemic has boosted awareness of the therapeutic value of interacting with plants and their positive effect on human well‐being. We suggest that this offers a window of opportunity to develop an appreciation of plant science among the wider public, who are reconnecting with plants in new ways. Plant‐focused communities and online groups on social media platforms can facilitate engagement with new audiences. In particular, trends relating to houseplants, plant‐based diets and the benefits of interacting with plants on mental health and well‐being together provide an attractive springboard for science outreach and botany‐focused conversations. Here, we discuss these trends and make recommendations for researchers and educators.

Published
2022
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7. Plant-Environment Interactions

Subjects
plant science, environmental sciences, plants, ecology, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Botany, QK1-989
Published
2021

15. Cuticle architecture and mechanical properties: a functional relationship delineated through correlated multimodal imaging

Author

Nicolas Reynoud, Nathalie Geneix, Angelina D’Orlando, Johann Petit, Jeremie Mathurin, Ariane Deniset-Besseau, Didier Marion, Christophe Rothan, Marc Lahaye, Bénédicte Bakan, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioInformatique et BioStatistiques (BIBS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAE and Region Pays de la Loire (Fr)., and ANR-21-CE11-0035,COPLAnAR,COPLAnAR : cartography corrélative pour élucider les relations structure-propriétés de la cuticule des plantes(2021)

Subjects
hyperspectral, plant cuticle, Solanum lycopersicum, Physiology, nanomechanical, AFM PF-QNM, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, correlated multimodal imaging, Plant Science, Raman
Abstract

Cuticle are multifunctional hydrophobic biocomposites that protect aerial organs of plants. Along plant development, plant cuticle must accommodate different mechanical constraints combining extensibility and stiffness, the corresponding structure-function relationships are unknown. Recent data showed a fine architectural tuning of the cuticle architecture and the corresponding chemical clusters along fruit development which raise the question of their impact on the mechanical properties of the cuticle.We investigated the in-depth nanomechanical properties of tomato fruit cuticle from early development to ripening, in relation to chemical and structural heterogeneities by developing a correlative multimodal imaging approach.Unprecedented sharps heterogeneities were evidenced with the highlighting of an in-depth mechanical gradient and a ‘soft’ central furrow that were maintained throughout the plant development despite the overall increase in elastic modulus. In addition, we demonstrated that these local mechanical areas are correlated to chemical and structural gradients.This study shed light on a fine tuning of mechanical properties of cuticle through the modulation of their architecture, providing new insight for our understanding of structure-function relationships of plant cuticle and for the design of biosinpired material.

Published
2023
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19. Nematodes as suppressors and facilitators of plant performance

Author

Olivera Topalović and Stefan Geisen

Subjects
rhizobiome, plants, Physiology, plant-parasitic nematodes, soil biodiversity, Plant Science, Laboratory of Nematology, free-living nematodes, PE&RC, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, plant resistance
Abstract

Plant–nematode interactions are mainly considered from the negative aspect with a focus on plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which is justified considering the agronomic losses caused by PPNs. Despite the fact that PPNs are outnumbered by nonparasitic free-living nematodes (FLNs), the functional importance of FLNs, especially with regard to plant performance, remains largely unknown. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and most recent insights into soil nematodes by showing direct and indirect links of both PPNs and FLNs with plant performance. We especially emphasize the knowledge gaps and potential of FLNs as important indirect players in driving plant performance such as stimulating the resistance to pests via improving the disease suppressive activity of the rhizobiome. Together, we present a holistic view of soil nematodes as positive and negative contributors to plant performance, accentuating the positive but underexplored role of FLNs.

Published
2023
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23. Comparative proteome profile of ungerminated spores and mycelium of the fungus Moniliophthora roreri , causal agent of frosty pod rot disease in cacao

Author

Maria Zugaib, Karina Peres Gramacho, Joise Hander Mares, Luciana Rodrigues Camillo, Irma Yuliana Mora Ocampo, Enrique Arevalo‐Gardini, Aurizangela Oliveira de Sousa, Ariana Silva Santos, Edson Mário de Andrade, Ícaro Santos Lopes, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, and Carlos Priminho Pirovani

Subjects
Physiology, Genetics, Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Published
2023
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30. An optimized transformation protocol for Anthoceros agrestis and three more hornwort species

Author

Waller, Manuel, Frangedakis, Eftychios, Marron, Alan O, Sauret-Güeto, Susanna, Rever, Jenna, Sabbagh, Cyrus Raja Rubenstein, Hibberd, Julian M, Haseloff, Jim, Renzaglia, Karen S, Szövényi, Péter, Waller, Manuel [0000-0002-6060-0740], Frangedakis, Eftychios [0000-0002-3483-8464], Marron, Alan O [0000-0002-2606-5641], Sauret-Güeto, Susanna [0000-0003-3792-8278], Sabbagh, Cyrus Raja Rubenstein [0000-0003-3866-8332], Hibberd, Julian M [0000-0003-0662-7958], Haseloff, Jim [0000-0003-4793-8058], Szövényi, Péter [0000-0002-0324-4639], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
subcellular targeting, hornworts, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Seeds, Genetics, Embryophyta, Anthocerotophyta, land plant evolution, Bryophyta, Cell Biology, Plant Science, constitutive promoter, Phylogeny
Abstract

Funder: Georges and Antoine Claraz Foundation grant, Funder: University Research Priority Program “Evolution in Action” of the University of Zurich, Land plants comprise two large monophyletic lineages, the vascular plants and the bryophytes, which diverged from their most recent common ancestor approximately 480 million years ago. Of the three lineages of bryophytes, only the mosses and the liverworts are systematically investigated, while the hornworts are understudied. Despite their importance for understanding fundamental questions of land plant evolution, they only recently became amenable to experimental investigation, with Anthoceros agrestis being developed as a hornwort model system. Availability of a high-quality genome assembly and a recently developed genetic transformation technique makes A. agrestis an attractive model species for hornworts. Here we describe an updated and optimized transformation protocol for A. agrestis, which can be successfully used to genetically modify one more strain of A. agrestis and three more hornwort species, Anthoceros punctatus, Leiosporoceros dussii, and Phaeoceros carolinianus. The new transformation method is less laborious, faster, and results in the generation of greatly increased numbers of transformants compared with the previous method. We have also developed a new selection marker for transformation. Finally, we report the development of a set of different cellular localization signal peptides for hornworts providing new tools to better understand the hornwort cell biology.

Published
2023
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40. Loss‐of‐function of gynoecium‐expressed phospholipase pPLAIIγ triggers maternal haploid induction in Arabidopsis

Author

Jin Hoon Jang, Hae Seong Seo, Thomas Widiez, Ok Ran Lee, Chonnam National University [Gwangju], Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-19-CE20-0012,NOT-LIKE-DAD,Gynogenèse in vivo chez le maïs : nouvelles connaissances sur la double fécondation chez les plantes(2019), and ANR-21-PRRD-0097,SUNNY-HAPLOID,New in planta haploid induction systems

Subjects
haploid, Haploid inducer line, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Phospholipase, Plant Science, Embryo development
Abstract

International audience; Production of in planta haploid embryos that inherit chromosomes from only one parent can greatly increase breeding efficiency via quickly generating homozygous plants, called doubled haploid. One of the main players of in planta haploid induction is a pollen-specific phospholipase A, which is able, when mutated, to induce in vivo haploid induction in numerous monocots. However, no functional orthologous gene has been identified in dicots plants. Here, we show that loss-of-function of gynoecium-expressed phospholipase AII (pPLAIIγ) triggers maternal haploid plants in Arabidopsis, at an average rate of 1.07%. Reciprocal crosses demonstrate that haploid plants are triggered from the female side and not from the pollen, and the haploid plants carry the maternal genome. Promoter activity of pPLAIIγ shows enriched expression in the funiculus of flower development stages 13 and 18, and pPLAIIγ fused to yellow fluorescent protein reveals a plasma-membrane localization Interestingly, the polar localized PIN1 at the basal plasma membrane of the funiculus was all internalized in pplaIIγ mutants, suggesting that altered PIN1 localization in female organ could play a role in maternal haploid induction.

Published
2023
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46. <scp>AZG1</scp> is a cytokinin transporter that interacts with auxin transporter <scp>PIN1</scp> and regulates the root stress response

Author

Tomás M. Tessi, Veronica G. Maurino, Mojgan Shahriari, Esther Meissner, Ondrej Novak, Taras Pasternak, Benjamin S. Schumacher, Franck Ditengou, Zenglin Li, Jasmin Duerr, Noemi S. Flubacher, Moritz Nautscher, Alyssa Williams, Zuzanna Kazimierczak, Miroslav Strnad, Jörg‐Oliver Thumfart, Klaus Palme, Marcelo Desimone, and William D. Teale

Subjects
Physiology, Plant Science
Published
2023
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47. Multitraits evaluation of a Solanum pennellii introgression tomato line challenged by combined abiotic stress

Author

L. Vitale, S. Francesca, C. Arena, N. D'Agostino, L. Principio, E. Vitale, V. Cirillo, M. C. de Pinto, A. Barone, M. M. Rigano, Vitale, L, Francesca, S, Arena, C, D'Agostino, N, Principio, L, Vitale, E, Cirillo, V, de Pinto, Mc, Barone, A, and Rigano, Mm

Subjects
Combined stre, heat stre, wild species, drought, Plant Science, General Medicine, tomato, L-ascorbic acid, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Rising daily temperatures and water shortage are two of the major concerns in agriculture. In this work, we analysed the tolerance traits in a tomato line carrying a small region of the Solanum pennellii wild genome (IL12-4-SL) when grown under prolonged conditions of single and combined high temperature and water stress. When exposed to stress, IL12-4-SL showed higher heat tolerance than the cultivated line M82 at morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels. Moreover, under stress IL12-4-SL produced more flowers than M82, also characterized by higher pollen viability. In both lines, water stress negatively affected photosynthesis more than heat alone, whereas the combined stress did not further exacerbate the negative impacts of drought on this trait. Despite an observed decrease in carbon fixation, the quantum yield of PSII linear electron transport in IL12-4-SL was not affected by stress, thereby indicating that photochemical processes other than CO2 fixation acted to maintain the electron chain in oxidized state and prevent photodamage. The ability of IL12-4-SL to tolerate abiotic stress was also related to the intrinsic ability of this line to accumulate ascorbic acid. The data collected in this study clearly indicate improved tolerance to single and combined abiotic stress for IL12-4-SL, making this line a promising one for cultivation in a climate scenario characterized by frequent and long-lasting heatwaves and low rainfall.

Published
2023
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