37 results on '"mood induction"'
Search Results
2. Dispositional self-compassion and responses to mood challenge in people at risk for depressive relapse/recurrence
- Author
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Matthew J. Williams, Jessica Cardy, Anke Karl, Catherine Crane, and Willem Kuyken
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Risk ,emotion regulation ,050103 clinical psychology ,mindfulness ,animal structures ,Mindfulness ,Adolescent ,compassion ,050109 social psychology ,mood induction ,Young Adult ,Recurrence ,mental disorders ,History of depression ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Research Articles ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Depressive Disorder ,self‐compassion ,Mood Disorders ,Relapse/recurrence ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Self Concept ,Affect ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,depression ,Rumination ,Female ,Empathy ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Self-compassion ,Research Article ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between dispositional self‐compassion and cognitive emotion regulation capacities in individuals with a history of depression. Study 1 (n = 403) established that self‐compassion was associated with increased use of positive and decreased use of negative strategies, with small to medium sized correlations. Study 2 (n = 68) was an experimental study examining the association between dispositional self‐compassion, use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and changes in mood and self‐devaluation in participants exposed to a negative mood induction followed by mood repair (mindfulness, rumination, silence). Individuals with higher levels of dispositional self‐compassion showed greater mood recovery after mood induction, and less self‐devaluation across the experimental procedure, independent of their mood‐repair condition or habitual forms of cognitive emotion regulation. These results suggest that self‐compassion is associated with more adaptive responses to mood challenges in individuals with a history of recurrent depression.
- Published
- 2018
3. Evaluating the role of negative affect and negative interpretation biases in emotional eating behavior.
- Author
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Klein KM, Fitzgerald EH, Forney KJ, Kennedy GA, and Keel PK
- Subjects
- Bias, Emotions, Feeding Behavior psychology, Female, Humans, Affect, Eating psychology
- Abstract
Objective: The study of emotional eating, or (over)eating in response to emotions, may inform transdiagnostic interventions for eating pathology. Prior work has focused on the role of negative affect in promoting emotional eating. The present study sought to extend this work through examining the role of cognitive biases., Method: Women who self-reported (n = 50) and did not self-report (n = 40) emotional eating completed self-report questionnaires of negative affect and negative interpretation biases, an implicit measure of cognitive bias, and a behavioral assay of emotional eating involving an ad lib test meal following a stress induction task., Results: The emotional eating group endorsed elevated trait negative affect, explicit shame biases, and implicit negative biases compared to controls. In addition, state negative affect increased after the stress induction task, and the emotional eating group endorsed greater state negative affect before and after the task and consumed more food following the stress induction. Only explicit cognitive shame biases demonstrated significant indirect effects in the association between group and food consumption. Specifically, elevated explicit shame biases were positively associated with amount of food consumed for the emotional eating group., Discussion: Future research should examine whether interventions that target cognitive biases related to shame reduce emotional eating., Public Significance: Individuals with emotional eating consumed more food than controls following a stress induction. Explicit shame cognitive biases were positively associated with amount of food consumed for the emotional eating group. Shame cogntiive biases may be fruitful targets for reducing emotional eating., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Positive mood enhances divergent but not convergent thinking
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Masayoshi Nagai and Yohei Yamada
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Neutral group ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Convergent thinking ,Creativity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Arousal ,Mood ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Flexible thinking ,Psychology ,Divergent thinking ,Social psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,General Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
A positive mood enhances creative performance. We examined which type of creativity, divergent or convergent thinking, was enhanced by a positive mood. Half of the participants listened to happy music and thought about happy events (positive group). The other half listened to the Japanese Constitution (neutral group). Participants' emotional valence and arousal were measured before and after mood induction. All participants then engaged in a creative activity involving the generation of new names for rice. The results indicated that the positive group produced more divergent ideas than did the neutral group. On the other hand, the two groups did not differ with respect to the number of convergent ideas that were generated. We suggest that being in a positive mood facilitates flexible thinking and consequently leads to production of unconventional and atypical ideas.
- Published
- 2015
5. Sad people avoid the eyes or happy people focus on the eyes? Mood induction affects facial feature discrimination
- Author
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Michael Bevan Lewis and Peter J. Hills
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Facial expression ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,genetic structures ,Social perception ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,eye diseases ,Head shape ,Mood ,Feature (computer vision) ,Face perception ,Mood induction ,medicine ,sense organs ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,General Psychology - Abstract
Depressed people tend to avoid eye-contact in social situations and in experimental settings, whereas happy people actively seek eye-contact. We report an experiment in which participants made discriminations between faces that had either configural or featural changes made to the eyes, nose, or head shape. The results showed participants induced to be happy detected changes in eyes more often than participants induced to be sad, but failed to detect changes in other facial features. Sad-induced participants detected changes to the head shape but not the eyes. The results are interpreted in terms of differential use of features attended to by happy and sad participants, whereby happy people are more likely to attend to eyes during face perception than sad people.
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- 2011
6. Contrasting effects of a hot and a cool system in anger regulation on cooperative behaviours
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Men H. Lok, Alyson J. Bond, and Wai S. Tse
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Male ,Character ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anger ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Mood scale ,Young Adult ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Adaptation, Psychological ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Cooperative Behavior ,Internal-External Control ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Recall ,Aggression ,Angry mood ,General Medicine ,Affect ,Games, Experimental ,Expression (architecture) ,Mood induction ,Mental Recall ,Trait ,Hong Kong ,Female ,Rejection, Psychology ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Angry mood and aggression are strongly associated. However, it is not socially acceptable to express strong aggression. Non-cooperative behaviours might be another aspect of aggressive behaviour. The present study examines the expression of non-cooperative behaviours after angry mood induction. Eighty-five university students were randomly assigned to hot or cool focus recall of a past angry event. At baseline, trait aggression and rejection sensitivity were evaluated. Just before the recall task, participants' state of angry mood was measured by the Anger Mood Scale. Then they engaged in either hot or cool focus recall of a past rejection event. Immediately after the mood induction, angry mood was measured again. They were then instructed to play the Mixed Motive game with an unknown person. Participants in both groups became angrier after the mood induction. One-way analysis of covariance, controlling for trait anger and rejection sensitivity, showed that the hot-focus participants gave significantly fewer points to the other person than the cool-focus participants. Participants high on trait aggression sent more verbally aggressive messages. The findings suggest that non-cooperative behaviour is another form of anger related aggression and might be more socially important than overt aggression.
- Published
- 2009
7. Predicting responsiveness to a depressive mood induction procedure
- Author
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Martin C. Scherrer and Keith S. Dobson
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Adult ,Depressive mood ,Self-Assessment ,Universities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Models, Psychological ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Alberta ,Young Adult ,Cognition ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Students ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Pain Measurement ,media_common ,Depressive Disorder ,Self Concept ,Affect ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Regression Analysis ,Anxiety ,Psychological resilience ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Depressed mood ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Inducing various mood states—sad or depressed mood in particular—has become a widely employed and accepted means of experimentally examining the link between emotion and cognition, particularly with research on cognitive theory and depression. Using various criteria, studies utilizing mood induction procedures (MIPs) have reported successful induction of the desired mood in participants at rates ranging from 50 to 75%, clearly reflecting substantial individual variation. Individual differences in response to MIPs, however, have received little attention. Drawing on both theory and previous research, the present study identified and examined a range of possible predictors of response to depressive mood induction in a sample of 100 undergraduate students. Results indicated that of the examined predictors, experience with recent negative events prior to the mood induction and participant mood state, including self-reported symptoms of anxiety, significantly predicted reported mood state following the MIP. The implications of these results for models of vulnerability and resilience to negative mood states are discussed, and future research directions are provided © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–16, 2009.
- Published
- 2009
8. The Influence of a Manager's Own Performance Appraisal on the Evaluation of Others
- Author
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Gary P. Latham, Glen Whyte, Basak Yanar, and Marie-Hélène Budworth
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Performance appraisal ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Academic department ,Job performance ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Manufacturing ,Mood induction ,Psychology ,business ,Social psychology ,General Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
*Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E6.latham@rotman.utoronto.ca**School of Administrative Studies, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3This study examined the possibility that the performance appraisal process is affected bya pervasive and inherent effect that has heretofore been unidentified. This effect derivesfrom the results of the performance appraisal most recently performed on the managerwho subsequently conducts appraisals of others. The nature of this effect was examinedin four studies. In a case study, the ratings received by two area coordinators in auniversity academic department affected their subsequent ratings of faculty. In asimulation, 30 managers received hypothetical feedback regarding their own job perfor-mance. The managers subsequently evaluated an employee on videotape. Managers whoreceived positive feedback about their performance subsequently rated the employeesignificantly higher than managers who received negative feedback regarding their ownperformance. This occurred despite the fact that the managers knew the evaluation ofthem was bogus. The results of two follow-up field studies involving 74 manager–employee dyads in a manufacturing company in Canada and 39 manager–subordinatedyads in a retail organization in Turkey are consistent with the view that one’s ownperformance appraisal is related to the subsequent appraisal of one’s subordinates. Bothanchoring with insufficient adjustment and a mood induction may explain this effect, butthe results are more consistent with the former explanation than the latter.
- Published
- 2008
9. The impact of mood induction on the accessibility of positive and negative future events in a group of dysphoric adolescent in-patients
- Author
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Renate de Jong-Meyer, Jürgen Tripp, and Arkadius Kuczmera
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Male ,Depressive Disorder ,Adolescent ,General Medicine ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Negative mood ,Affect ,Clinical Psychology ,Fluency ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Multivariate Analysis ,mental disorders ,Imagination ,Humans ,Female ,In patient ,Valence (psychology) ,Psychology - Abstract
Objective. This study aimed at experimentally affecting the fluency with which positive and negative future events are generated by depressive adolescents. Method. Adolescent in-patients with elevated depression were randomized into a positive or negative mood induction condition (N=24 in each group) and then presented with the Future Thinking Task asking participants to generate as many future events of a specified valence as possible. Results. The inductions resulted in significant mood differences between groups. The assumed interaction between mood condition and reported positive and negative future events was confirmed. Particularly, the generation of negative future event representations differed between the mood induction groups. Conclusions. Dysphoric adolescents given a negative mood induction differ from those given a positive mood induction in their ability to think of future positive and negative events that they might experience.
- Published
- 2007
10. Selective mood-induced body image disparagement and enhancement effects: Are they due to cognitive priming or subjective mood?
- Author
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Ron Davis, Daniel J. Taylor, and Ken J. Rotenberg
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Audiology ,Developmental psychology ,Social Desirability ,Negative body image ,Body Image ,medicine ,Humans ,Personality ,Valence (psychology) ,Somatoform Disorders ,media_common ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Depression ,Mood Disorders ,Cognition ,Self Concept ,Affect ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Correlation analysis ,Female ,Psychology ,Priming (psychology) - Abstract
Objective The study evaluated the effects of mood induction procedures on body image. Method Eighty female undergraduates participated in combinations of two valences (negative vs. positive) and two types (self-referent vs. other-referent) of mood induction procedures (MIPs). A measure of subjective mood and seven measures of body image were administered before and after the MIPs. Results Individuals in the self-referent MIP who had high negative body image at the pretest demonstrated increases in negative body image after exposure to the negative valence MIP (a disparagement effect) and decreases in negative body image after exposure to the positive valence MIP (an enhancement effect). This pattern was not evident in the other-referent MIP. Also, changes in negative body image were not appreciably associated with changes in subjective mood. Discussion The findings yielded support for the cognitive priming hypothesis but not for the subjective mood hypothesis. Further means of examining the cognitive priming hypothesis were outlined. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 317–332, 2004.
- Published
- 2004
11. The Interactive Effects of Dispositional Affectivity, Sex, and a Positive Mood Induction on Student Evaluations of Teachers
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Mark D. Mincy and Vincent J. Fortunato
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Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Disposition ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Negative affectivity ,Developmental psychology ,Interactive effects ,Positive affectivity ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Personality ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of disposition, sex, and a positive mood induction on student evaluations of teachers. In 33 laboratory classes, 339 students filled out measures of negative affectivity (NA) and positive affectivity (PA). Several weeks later, participants filled out a research-based teacher evaluation form. Students in half of the classes received a positive mood induction prior to filling out the evaluation form, whereas participants in the other classes received the positive mood induction after filling out the evaluation form. Results indicated that PA and the positive mood induction both related positively with evaluation measures. Moreover, NA and PA moderated the relationship between the positive mood induction and teacher evaluations for males, but not for females. Implications for organizations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2003
12. Happy mood decreases self-focused attention
- Author
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Judith A. Saltzberg, L. B. Forzano, Jeffrey D. Green, Joanne V. Wood, and Constantine Sedikides
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Adult ,Male ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Happiness ,Self-concept ,Affect (psychology) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Attention ,Interpersonal Relations ,Students ,Internal-External Control ,Pain Measurement ,media_common ,Depression ,Social perception ,Significant difference ,Self perception ,Self Concept ,Affect ,Mood ,Social Perception ,Research Design ,Mood induction ,Female ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
Research addressing the influence of happy mood on self-focused attention has yielded inconsistent results. Some studies found that happy mood decreased self-focus relative to sad mood. Other studies did not detect a significant difference between happy and neutral mood, and still other studies found that happy mood, relative to neutral mood, increased self-focus. These investigations have potential shortcomings, such as an insufficiently powerful happy mood induction and a confound between visualization mood inductions and self-focus itself. The present experiment addressed these shortcomings by inducing mood via musical selections, equalizing the approximate potency between happy and sad moods, and using a within-participants design. Relative to neutral mood, happy mood decreased self-focused attention.
- Published
- 2003
13. Videotaped Cue for Urge to Drink Alcohol
- Author
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Steven R. Blank, Chris C. Streeter, Angela A. Meyer, Domenic A. Ciraulo, Perry F. Renshaw, Suzy B. Gulliver, and Errol Baker
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Post hoc ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Craving ,Audiology ,Toxicology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Cue reactivity ,Mood induction ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Reactivity (psychology) ,Psychology ,Alcohol consumption ,Social psychology ,Drink alcohol - Abstract
Background: The urge to drink alcohol can be robustly and reliably induced via actual exposure to a person's preferred alcoholic beverage. Unfortunately, these exposure paradigms are unwieldy for functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. The goal of this study was to examine whether viewing a personalized videotaped cue could induce alcohol craving. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) individualized cue videotapes can reliably elicit the urge to drink alcohol in alcohol-dependent participants and (2) alcohol drinking histories can predict reactivity to cue. Methods: DSM-IV criteria were used to identify an alcohol-dependent group (ADG). Controls included a light-drinking group and a moderate-drinking group. Urge to drink alcohol was assessed at baseline and after each of five in vivo exposure conditions: water (W), alcohol 1 (A1), mood induction (M), alcohol 2 (A2), and relaxation (R). The entire exposure session was videotaped. Each participant's video footage was digitally edited to produce a 17.5-min cue that was presented to the participant 24 to 72 hr later. Ratings of urge to drink alcohol across the five exposure conditions were compared for both the in vivo and the video exposure sessions. Results: Fourteen participants (five in the light-drinking group, four in the moderate-drinking group, and five in the ADG) completed both sessions. Participants in each group showed differences between neutral cue exposure (W and R) and alcohol-related cue exposure (A1, M, and A2) in both the in vivo cue session (p < 0.002) and the videotape session (p < 0.02). Post hoc comparisons among the groups to alcohol-related cues established that, in both sessions (pin vivo= 0.04;pvideotape= 0.04), the ADG demonstrated the greatest urge to drink. Conclusions: Alcohol cue reactivity can be reliably induced and assessed in alcohol-dependent participants via personalized videotapes. History of alcohol consumption is positively correlated with the degree of cue reactivity. This study advances our ability to assess alcohol cue reactivity in the absence of alcohol.
- Published
- 2002
14. Film-induced sadness as a trigger for disinhibited eating
- Author
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Jennifer Harnden Fischer, Christine L. Sheppard-Sawyer, and Richard J. McNally
- Subjects
Food intake ,Bulimia nervosa ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Sadness ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Clinical investigation ,medicine ,Restricted diet ,Psychology ,Young female ,media_common - Abstract
Objective We tested whether film-induced sadness enhances food intake in restrained eaters. Method Female participants scoring either high or low on a measure of dietary restraint viewed two film segments in counterbalanced order on successive days: an emotionally neutral travelogue and a sad film depicting the death of the young female protagonist. Results Contrast analyses revealed that film-induced sadness significantly reduced food intake in low-restraint individuals, but only nonsignificantly increased it in high-restraint individuals. Discussion When sadness is induced without an apparent ego threat, high-restraint participants may not exhibit as much disinhibited eating as when they are exposed to mood inductions that threaten their self-esteem. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 28: 215–220, 2000.
- Published
- 2000
15. Susceptibility to Affect: A Comparison of Three Personality Taxonomies
- Author
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John M. Zelenski and Randy J. Larsen
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Adult ,Male ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Models, Psychological ,Developmental psychology ,Affect ,Reward sensitivity ,Mood induction ,Humans ,Personality ,Female ,Big Five personality traits ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This study had three major goals: to clarify the relationships between Eysenck's, Gray's, and Cloninger's personality taxonomies, to show that traits from these taxonomies predict differential sensitivities to emotional states, and to explore the relationship between sensitivity to an emotional state and how much that state is actually experienced. A factor analysis of traits from Eysenck's, Gray's, and Cloninger's personality taxonomies resulted in three factors that were named reward sensitivity, impulsivity-thrill seeking, and punishment sensitivity. These factors predicted a global measure of affect, emotional reactions to a laboratory mood induction, and self-reported affect in daily life. Generally, reward sensitivity predicted positive, but not negative emotions, whereas punishment sensitivity predicted negative, but not positive emotions. Impulsivity-thrill seeking predicted few emotions in either context. Coherence among the relationships found across methodological contexts suggests that the traits that predict emotion susceptibilities in the laboratory similarly predict emotional experience in ongoing daily life.
- Published
- 1999
16. Correlates of changes in mood following a mood induction in osteoarthritis patients
- Author
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Susan J. Blalock, Robert F. DeVellis, Karen L. Carl, Carol Carswell Patterson, and Brenda M. DeVellis
- Subjects
Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coping (psychology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Osteoarthritis ,Pessimism ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Cognition ,Rheumatology ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Psychiatry ,Negativism ,Aged ,media_common ,Mood management theory ,Psychological Tests ,Depression ,business.industry ,Emotional intelligence ,medicine.disease ,Self Concept ,Self Care ,Affect ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Female ,business ,Attitude to Health - Abstract
Objective. To determine the relationship of mood management skills, and affective and cognitive states to changes in moods following mood induction among people with osteoarthritis. Methods. After completing questionnaires, participants underwent a negative mood induction. Momentary moods were assessed prior to, immediately following, and several minutes after the mood induction. Results. A specific mood management skill, mood clarity, consistently predicted changes in positive mood following the mood induction: people who scored high on mood clarity experienced less diminution in positive affect. In contrast, changes in negative affect were unrelated to mood management skills. However, people who scored higher on measures of depressive symptoms and pessimism rebounded from the negative induced mood less strongly than others. Conclusion. Positive and negative emotional states operate largely independently and are differentially influenced by mood clarity, depressive symptoms, and pessimism. High levels of mood clarity may be adaptive in illnesses such as osteoarthritis because negative affective experiences that may be unavoidable need not preclude positive affective states.
- Published
- 1998
17. Assessing cognitive mediation of relapse prevention in recurrent mood disorders
- Author
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John D. Teasdale
- Subjects
Psychotherapist ,Psychological intervention ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Relapse prevention ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood disorders ,Cognitive Mediation ,Mood induction ,medicine ,Relapse risk ,Dysphoric mood ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) reduces risk of relapse in mood disorders. Further improvements in preventative interventions will benefit from identification and assessment of the cognitive processes mediating relapse prevention. Possible mediating mechanisms are considered and their implications for assessment are discussed. It is recommended that assessment focus on the ‘cognitive sets’ (schematic mental models) and patterns of cognitive-affective processing that become activated in situations of potential relapse (dysphoric mood, loss-related events). Assessments should use contextually-situated ‘challenge’ paradigms (e.g. mood induction procedures) aimed at identifying, dynamically, potential to respond, rather than procedures aimed at assessing static, enduring, ‘cognitive structures’. Illustrative examples are provided. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 1997
18. Effect of Tryptophan Depletion on Mood in Male and Female Volunteers: A Pilot Study
- Author
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Philip J. Cowen, D. M. Clark, Katharine Smith, R.A. Hockney, and E. M. Clifford
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Tryptophan ,Healthy subjects ,Placebo ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Crossover study ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,Internal medicine ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,5-HT receptor ,Tryptophan.free - Abstract
We studied 12 healthy subjects, six males and six females, using the technique of tryptophan depletion in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover design. Subjects rated their subjective mood and also underwent a mood induction procedure. The tryptophan free mixture significantly lowered plasma total and free tryptophan at +5 h. After the tryptophan-free mixture, subjective ratings of mood fell in the females but not in the males. Whilst the mood induction procedure was effective at lowering mood, it did not have any greater effect on the day of tryptophan depletion in either women or men. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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- 1997
19. Emotional distress as a mediator of the relationship between pain and disability: An experimental study
- Author
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Marie Johnston and Keren Fisher
- Subjects
Clinical interview ,Chronic pain ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Mood ,Emotional distress ,Mood induction ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Applied Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
In people with chronic pain, disability is only partially explained by pain levels and emotional distress has been postulated to moderate the relationship between pain and disability in these and in other individuals. This paper reports an experimental investigation of this hypothesis with patients attending a clinical psychology department with chronic pain problems. Sections of the normal clinical interview which increased anxiety (asking about upsetting events) or reduced anxiety (asking about good events) were identified and standardized to give a naturally occurring mood induction technique. Twenty-five patients were randomly allocated to receive the anxiety increasing section of the interview as part of the experimental procedure and 25 to receive the anxiety reducing section. Both groups received the other section later in the interview. Patients were assessed before and after the experimental procedure and results demonstrated that the mood induction procedures had produced the expected effects on mood and the resulting predicted effects on disability. Experimental mood enhancement was associated with reduced levels of disability assessed by a lifting task, while mood depression resulted in greater disability. These findings strengthen the results from correlational studies and suggest methods of minimizing disability, at least in the short term.
- Published
- 1996
20. Relative effectiveness and validity of mood induction procedures: a meta-analysis
- Author
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Rainer Westermann, Kordelia Spies, Friedrich W. Hesse, and Günter Stahl
- Subjects
Negative mood ,Mood ,Social Psychology ,Meta-analysis ,Demand characteristics ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Cognition ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Social relation ,Developmental psychology ,Study Characteristics - Abstract
The effectiveness and validity of 11 important mood induction procedures (MIPs) were comparatively evaluated by meta-analytical procedures. Two hundred and fifty effects of the experimental induction of positive, elated and negative, depressed mood in adult, non-clinical samples were integrated. Effect sizes were generally larger for negative than for positive mood inductions. The presentation of a film or story turned out to be most effective in inducing both positive and negative mood states. The effects are especially large when subjects are explicitly instructed to enter the specified mood state. For elated mood, all other MIPs yielded considerably lower effectiveness scores. For the induction of negative mood states, Imagination, Velten, Music, Social Interaction and Feedback MIPs were about as effective as the Film/Story MIP without instruction. Induction effects covaried with several study characteristics. Effects tend to be smaller when demand characteristics are controlled or subjects are not informed about the purpose of the experiment. For behavioural measures, effects are smaller than for self-reports but still larger than zero. Hence, the effects of MIPs can be partly, but not fully due to demand effects.
- Published
- 1996
21. Effect of mood and food cues on body image in women with bulimia and controls
- Author
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Frances A. Carter, Jenny S. Wilson, Rachel Lawson, Cynthia M. Bulik, and Patrick F. Sullivan
- Subjects
Bulimia nervosa ,Body size ,medicine.disease ,Body satisfaction ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Cue reactivity ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Healthy weight ,Psychology - Abstract
Objective The present study evaluated body image assessment and cue reactivity in women with bulimia and controls in response to neutral, mood, and food cues in isolation, and mood and food cues in combination. Method: Subjects were 7 women with bulimia nervosa and 8 control women. Food cues were individualized high-risk/favorite foods. Low mood was elicited using the Musical Mood Induction Procedure. Order of cue presentation was random across subjects. Body image and cue reactivity were assessed using a computer version of the silhouette method and self-report ratings, respectively. Results: Women with bulimia consistently rated their current body as being larger and their body image satisfaction as being lower than control women. In addition, women with bulimia differentially rated their current body and a picture of a healthy weight woman as being larger following exposure to food and/or mood cues. Ratings of ideal body were differentially affected by mood cues for control women. Ratings of body satisfaction were not affected by cue presentation. Mere presentation of high-risk foods in the absence of eating was sufficient to elicit urges to binge in women with bulimia. Discussion: Body size estimation is not only affected by enduring characteristics (i.e., bulimia nervosa), but also more transient factors such as short-term exposure to salient food and mood cues. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Published
- 1996
22. Effects of negative mood on performance: reduced capacity or changed processing strategy?
- Author
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Friedrich W. Hesse and Kordelia Spies
- Subjects
Negative mood ,Mood ,Social Psychology ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Information processing ,Lexical decision task ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Priming (psychology) ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Two theoretical positions are often used to explain the effects of negative mood on performance : the capacity view and the strategy view. The capacity position predicts a decrease of task-related performance whereas the strategy view presupposes an increase if the available strategies are adequate. The assumptions of both positions are tested using the paradigm of strategic priming. A group of 22 subjects receiving a negative mood induction were compared to 26 subjects receiving a neutral mood induction. Results clearly contradict the capacity view but favour the strategy position.
- Published
- 1996
23. The Effects of Musical Mood Induction on Creativity
- Author
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Paul H. Blaney and Jill E. Adaman
- Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Neutral group ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Musical ,Depressed group ,Creativity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Education ,Music mood ,Mood ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Happiness ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
A music mood induction was used to induce either elated, depressed, or neutral mood in 71 college undergraduates. The elated group scored significantly higher than the depressed group on mood ratings. Creativity measures administered to each group revealed that subjects in the elated and depressed groups showed significantly greater creativity than subjects in the neutral group. Findings were interpreted in light of existing research on the relationship between mood and creativity.
- Published
- 1995
24. Feeling good and feeling close: Affective influences on the perception of intimate relationships
- Author
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Stephanie J. Moylan, George Levinger, and Joseph P. Forgas
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Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognition ,Affect (psychology) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,humanities ,Developmental psychology ,Mood ,Feeling ,Anthropology ,Perception ,Mood induction ,Conflict resolution ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Mood state ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Two experiments investigated the role of short-term affective states on the way people perceive various aspects of their personal relationships. Using an unobtrusive mood induction in a field setting, Experiment 1 found significant mood congruency in evaluative judgments about well-established intimate relationships. Experiment 2 used a controlled laboratory procedure and found that evaluations of the relationship and the partner, as well as preferred styles of conflict resolution were all significantly affected by the respondents' transient mood state. Increasing relationship longevity did not reduce affective influences on judgments in either study. The results arc discussed in terms of the role of affective states in cognition and judgments, and the influence of affect on everyday judgments about personal relationships is considered.
- Published
- 1994
25. Comparing mood-induction and affective conditioning as mechanisms influencing product evaluation and product choice
- Author
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Edward A.G. Groenland and Jan P.L. Schoormans
- Subjects
Marketing ,Product choice ,Nonverbal communication ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Conditioning ,Classical conditioning ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology ,Consumer behaviour - Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that nonverbal, affective elements of ads have the capacity to influence the evaluation of the product in the ad, and product choice. Affective conditioning and mood induction have been presented as mechanisms responsible for this effect. In general, most researchers adopt only one of these two mechanisms in their studies. They often implicitly suggest that the two mechanisms are competing in the sense that only one mechanism is taken to be valid. In our study, the effect of a nonverbal affective stimulus, that is, music, on product evaluation and product choice was studied, using both mechanisms in two experiments with a comparable research format. The mood mechanism was studied by presenting music to subjects, thus inducing mood (cf. Alpert & Alpert, 1989; Batra & Stayman, 1990; Sullivan, 1990), followed by a slide presentation of a pen (the product). The affective conditioning mechanism was studied, using the same music and the same slides, presented in accordance with the affective conditioning paradigm. Results of the study indicate that both mechanisms may be operative in influencing the evaluation of the product, and product choice. It is further suggested that both mechanisms work differently. Mood induction is thought to create a short-lasting association between a product and an affective stimulus. Thus, the mechanism of mood induction may be primarily important to retailers selling multiple products, for example, by playing background music in a retail store. In contrast, affective conditioning is thought to create a longerlasting integration between a product and an affective stimulus. Consequently, the mechanism of affective conditioning may be successfully employed by producers of a specific product (line). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Published
- 1994
26. Experimental inductions of emotional states and their effectiveness: A review
- Author
-
Friedrich W. Hesse, Kordelia Spies, and Astrid Gerrards-Hesse
- Subjects
Mood ,Emotionality ,Mood induction ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Experimental methods ,Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,General Psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Several procedures for the experimental induction of mood states have been developed. This paper reviews nearly 250 studies from the last 10 years which concern mood induction procedures. A classification system is introduced. According to the stimuli used to influence subjects, five groups of mood induction procedures (MIPs) are differentiated. The effectiveness of MIPs is analysed and compared. The Film/Story MIP and the Gift MIP proved to be highly effective in inducing elation. For the induction of depression, the Imagination MIP, the Velten MIP, the Film/Story MIP and the Success/Failure MIP can be recommended.
- Published
- 1994
27. Mood and Cue Reactivity among Smokers with a History of Major Depression: The Role of Rumination and Impulsivity
- Author
-
María José Herrera and Dennis E. McChargue
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Anger ,Impulsivity ,Negative mood ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Cue reactivity ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Rumination ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The present study tested the influence of rumination and impulsivity on experimentally induced negative mood among a sample of smokers with a lifetime history of major depression (MDD Hx+). Participants (N = 40) were categorized into four vulnerability groups: nonvulnerable (low rumination, low impulsivity), ruminative (elevated rumination, low impulsivity), impulsive (low rumination, elevated impulsivity), and vulnerable (elevated rumination, elevated impulsivity). Participants were counterbalanced to four experimental conditions, using a combination of a mood induction (negative mood induction vs. control) and smoking cue (in vivo cigarette vs. control cue). Although all participants reported greater anger responses when exposed to the negative mood induction versus control, vulnerable and ruminative smokers reported significantly greater anger responses than impulsive and nonvulnerable smokers [F(9,87) = 2.93, p = .038, Mse = 79.38]. Implications are discussed. (Am J Addict 2011;20: 1–5)
- Published
- 2011
28. Depressed mood and concern with weight and shape in normal young women
- Author
-
Esther M. Cohen-Tovée
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Self-image ,Developmental psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood induction ,Psychological testing ,Young adult ,education ,Depressed mood ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Normal female ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The possible role of depression in accentuating the concerns with weight and shape found in some members of the normal female population was investigated using mood induction procedures. A depressed mood was induced in two groups of normal young women; a group placing a high personal value on shape or weight, and a group placing a low value on shape and weight. The concerns with shape were significantly elevated in the former group compared with the latter. This result is consistent with a mechanism for the development of a disturbance in body image proposed by Cooper and Taylor (British Journal of Psychiatry 153 [Suppl. 2] 20-22, 1988).
- Published
- 1993
29. The effects of written autobiographical recollection induction procedures on mood
- Author
-
Daniel O. Guttfreund and Richard C. Baker
- Subjects
Recall ,Autobiographical memory ,Memoria ,Group setting ,Developmental psychology ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Mood induction ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study assessed the effects of group induction procedures that are practical in their administration (written format) and also individualized. Fifty-four females and 36 males were assigned randomly to one of three conditions. Conditions One and Two consisted of subjects being asked to think of the two saddest or two happiest events of their lives, respectively. Condition Three consisted of a control condition in which subjects were asked to read a geography article. The procedure produced marked decreases in depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p = .001) as mood states in Condition One (happy events) and marked increases in depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001) in Condition Two (sad events). These procedures are particularly suitable for mood induction in a group setting.
- Published
- 1993
30. Music influences on mood and purchase intentions
- Author
-
Judy I. Alpert and Mark I. Alpert
- Subjects
Marketing ,Mood ,Music theory ,Consumer response ,Mood induction ,Cognition ,Psychology ,human activities ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Social psychology ,humanities ,Applied Psychology ,Consumer behaviour - Abstract
Mood and emotional elements of advertising and consumer response have received increasing attention from practitioners and scholars in recent years. Among the various sources of mood induction is the frequently used practice of accompanying commercial messages with background music. This paper extends marketing's discussion of the role of music in influencing audiences, by using music theory to analyze and investigate the effects of music's structural profiles on consumers. The experiment's results indicate that music may have significant impact on audience moods and purchase intentions, without necessarily affecting intervening cognitions.
- Published
- 1990
31. Regional cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder measured with PET: trait effects at rest and after mood induction
- Author
-
Helen S. Mayberg, Stephanie Krüger, Kim Goldapple, Sidney H. Kennedy, and Sylvain Houle
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cerebral blood flow ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Trait ,medicine ,Bipolar disorder ,Psychology ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Rest (music) - Abstract
Kruger S, Goldapple K, Kennedy S, Houle S, Mayberg H. Regional cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder measured with PET: trait effects at rest and after mood induction. Bipolar Disord 2002: 4(Suppl. 1): 88. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002
- Published
- 2002
32. Vividness of memory imagery and self-induced mood change
- Author
-
Alan Richardson and Colin C. Taylor
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychological Tests ,Creative visualization ,Depression ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Individuality ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,humanities ,Developmental psychology ,Affect ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Mood induction ,Imagination ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Previous research has shown that people who can voluntarily form vivid images are able to exert more control over some of their cognitive and affective functions than people who can voluntarily form only weak images. This study was designed to extend this line of research to the control of mood states. From a sample of first-year psychology students four groups were formed: vivid imagery/elated, vivid imagery/depressed, weak imagery/elated, weak imagery/depressed. Mood change induction procedures were employed in an attempt to produce reversals in the initial mood states. It was found that greater changes occurred for the vivid imagers than for the weak imagers. These results were discussed in relation to the differential effectiveness of the mood induction procedures, the problem of measuring mood and the importance of taking into account individual differences in imagery abilities when planning imagery based treatment.
- Published
- 1982
33. Velten's mood induction technique: 'real' change and the effects of personality and sex on affect state
- Author
-
Susan J. Lewis and David W. Harder
- Subjects
Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Locus of control ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mood induction ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,Situational ethics ,Psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,media_common ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
As an analogue approach to the study of depressed and elated mood formation, numerous investigators have attempted, with varying results, to induce mood in the laboratory by using variations of Velten's (1968) statements. Inconsistent results and theoretical doubts about situational demand influences have cast doubt on the efficacy of this technique. The present authors contend that "true" induction and the demand condition aspect of the technique both produce affect change. In addition, this study replicated Velten's original paradigm while it assessed the impact of personality traits, sex of subject, and different experimenters on mood inducibility. Ninety-five subjects completed pre-measures of self-esteem, locus of control, defense styles, and depression. Results show that the Velten technique appears to work independently of personality attributes in a college sample, although subject's sex and experimenter effects may well affect response to the induction.
- Published
- 1988
34. Effects of mood induction on ratings of self and experimenter
- Author
-
Russell A. Radenhausen
- Subjects
Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Support seeking ,Trait ,Big Five personality traits ,Control subjects ,Depressed mood ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The relationship between depressed mood and subject's trait ratings of self and experimenter was examined. Mood was induced by having subjects (N = 31) view a depressing or control film. Subjects then rated themselves and the experimenter on personality traits related to supportiveness and general ability. Measurement of subject's mood indicated that the mood induction was effective. "Depressed" individuals rated themselves more negatively on the combined personality traits than did controls. "Depressed" individuals rated the experimenter more negatively for supportiveness traits, but slightly more positively for general ability traits than did control subjects. Results are discussed in terms of research on the effects of depression on self-devaluation and support seeking.
- Published
- 1989
35. Development of experimental mood induction procedures for testing personality-event interaction models of depression
- Author
-
Clive J. Robins
- Subjects
Emotional vulnerability ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychodynamics ,Affect (psychology) ,Developmental psychology ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Mood induction ,Personality ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Event (probability theory) - Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic theorists have suggested recently that depressions may be differentiated on the basis of two sets of personality characteristics that each create emotional vulnerability to a different specific class of events. The present paper reports the development of two mood induction procedures that may be useful in testing this specific interactional approach. In these inductions, subjects listen to an audiotape that depicts either a series of social rejections or achievement failures and are instructed to imagine themselves as the main character. Both tapes were found to produce a strong increase in reported depressed affect in a sample of normal undergraduates (N = 119). These effects were large in comparison to those elicited by other mood induction procedures. Women reported greater mood shifts than men in response to both tapes. The present procedures have the advantage of content specificity that permits tests of personality-event interaction hypotheses.
- Published
- 1988
36. Induced mood and accessibility of memories: An effect of mood state or of induction procedure?
- Author
-
Robert A. Taylor and John D. Teasdale
- Subjects
Induction procedure ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Stimulus (physiology) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Mood induction ,mental disorders ,Mood state ,Happiness ,Life circumstances ,Psychology ,Depressed mood ,media_common - Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inducing elated and depressed moods by verbal mood inductions differentially affects the accessibility of memories of past happy and unhappy experiences. This study examined whether the accessibility effects obtained resulted from differences in moods induced or from differences in the procedures used to induce moods. Mood induction procedures from which all references to the subjects' life experience had been eliminated were used to induce elated and depressed moods. Subjects were then asked to retrieve past life experiences associated to each of a series of stimulus words. The experiences retrieved were subsequently rated for their original happiness/unhappiness and pleasantness/unpleasantness. Happy and pleasant experiences were more probable in elated than in depressed mood. Unhappy and unpleasant experiences were more probable in depressed than in elated mood. The extent of differences in accessibility between mood conditions correlated with the extent to which mood actually differed between conditions. There was no relationship between the extent of differences in accessibility and the extent to which subjects reported thinking about their life circumstances during the mood inductions. The results replicate previous findings and suggest that the observed differences in accessibility result from the differences in mood induced rather than directly from the differences in mood induction procedures.
- Published
- 1981
37. Self-statement induction of mood: Some variations and cautions on the velten procedure
- Author
-
Mitchell L. Schare and Stephen A. Lisman
- Subjects
Clinical Psychology ,Mood ,Psychotherapist ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Statement (logic) ,Research methodology ,Mood induction ,education ,Set (psychology) ,Psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Assessed the utility of the Velten mood induction procedure over two sessions and with a reduced number of self-statements, Ss (N = 72) read 25 or 50 statements that were elative, neutral (no. change), or depressive and completed Multiple Affect Adjective Checklists on both days. On both days, statements were found to influence significantly mood ratings, although a slight reduction in change conditions was noted. Reading a full set of statement (50) was found to have the greatest impact on mood.
- Published
- 1984
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