14,128 results on '"jl"'
Search Results
2. How should artificial intelligence be used in Australian health care? Recommendations from a citizens’ jury
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Carter, Stacy M, primary, Aquino, Yves Saint James, additional, Carolan, Lucy, additional, Frost, Emma, additional, Degeling, Chris, additional, Rogers, Wendy A, additional, Scott, Ian A, additional, Bell, Katy JL, additional, Fabrianesi, Belinda, additional, and Magrabi, Farah, additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Stakeholder perceptions of thoroughbred yearling sales endoscopy in Australia: can we do better?
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Hardwick, JL, primary, Ahern, BJ, additional, and Franklin, SH, additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A dose-response analysis of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on cognitive development.
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Jacobson, JL, Akkaya-Hocagil, T, Jacobson, SW, Coles, CD, Richardson, GA, Olson, HC, Day, NL, Carter, RC, Dodge, NC, Dang, K-D, Cook, RJ, Ryan, LM, Jacobson, JL, Akkaya-Hocagil, T, Jacobson, SW, Coles, CD, Richardson, GA, Olson, HC, Day, NL, Carter, RC, Dodge, NC, Dang, K-D, Cook, RJ, and Ryan, LM
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most studies of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on cognitive function have assumed that the dose-response curve is linear. However, data from a few animal and human studies suggest that there may be an inflection point in the dose-response curve above which PAE effects are markedly stronger and that there may be differences associated with pattern of exposure, assessed in terms of alcohol dose per drinking occasion and drinking frequency. METHODS: We performed second-order confirmatory factor analysis on data obtained at school age, adolescence, and early adulthood from 2227 participants in six US longitudinal cohorts to derive a composite measure of cognitive function. Regression models were constructed to examine effects of PAE on cognitive function, adjusted for propensity scores. Analyses based on a single predictor (absolute alcohol (AA)/day) were compared with analyses based on two predictors (dose/occasion and drinking frequency), using (1) linear models and (2) nonparametric general additive models (GAM) that allow for both linear and nonlinear effects. RESULTS: The single-predictor GAM model showed virtually no nonlinearity in the effect of AA/day on cognitive function. However, the two-predictor GAM model revealed differential effects of maternal drinking pattern. Among offspring of infrequent drinkers, PAE effects on cognitive function were markedly stronger in those whose mothers drank more than ~3 drinks/occasion, and the effect of dose/occasion was strongest among the very frequent drinkers. Frequency of drinking did not appear to alter the PAE effect on cognitive function among participants born to mothers who limited their drinking to ~1 drink/occasion or less. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that linear models based on total AA/day are appropriate for assessing whether PAE affects a given cognitive outcome. However, examination of alcohol dose/occasion and drinking frequency is needed to fully characterize the impact o
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- 2024
5. Associations of early life and childhood risk factors with obstructive sleep apnoea in middle-age
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Senaratna, CV, Lowe, A, Walters, EH, Abramson, MJ, Bui, D, Lodge, C, Erbas, B, Burgess, J, Perret, JL, Hamilton, GS, Dharmage, SC, Senaratna, CV, Lowe, A, Walters, EH, Abramson, MJ, Bui, D, Lodge, C, Erbas, B, Burgess, J, Perret, JL, Hamilton, GS, and Dharmage, SC
- Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early-life risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are poorly described, yet this knowledge may be critical to inform preventive strategies. We conducted the first study to investigate the association between early-life risk factors and OSA in middle-aged adults. METHODS: Data were from population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study cohort (n = 3550) followed from 1st to 6th decades of life. Potentially relevant childhood exposures were available from a parent-completed survey at age 7-years, along with previously characterized risk factor profiles. Information on the primary outcome, probable OSA (based on a STOP-Bang questionnaire cut-off ≥5), were collected when participants were 53 years old. Associations were examined using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were repeated using the Berlin questionnaire. RESULTS: Maternal asthma (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0), maternal smoking (OR = 1.2; 1.05, 1.5), childhood pleurisy/pneumonia (OR = 1.3; 1.04, 1.7) and frequent bronchitis (OR = 1.2; 1.01, 1.5) were associated with probable OSA. The risk-factor profiles of 'parental smoking' and 'frequent asthma and bronchitis' were also associated with probable OSA (OR = 1.3; 1.01, 1.6 and OR = 1.3; 1.01-1.9, respectively). Similar associations were found for Berlin questionnaire-defined OSA. CONCLUSIONS: We found novel temporal associations of maternal asthma, parental smoking and frequent lower respiratory tract infections before the age of 7 years with adult OSA. While determination of their pathophysiological and any causal pathways require further research, these may be useful to flag the risk of OSA within clinical practice and create awareness and vigilance among at-risk groups.
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- 2024
6. Whole blood stimulation as a tool for studying the human immune system
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Mueller, S, Kroeger, C, Schultze, JL, Aschenbrenner, AC, Mueller, S, Kroeger, C, Schultze, JL, and Aschenbrenner, AC
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The human immune system is best accessible via tissues and organs not requiring major surgical intervention, such as blood. In many circumstances, circulating immune cells correlate with an individual's health state and give insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. Stimulating whole blood ex vivo is a powerful tool to investigate immune responses. In the context of clinical research, the applications of whole blood stimulation include host immunity, disease characterization, diagnosis, treatment, and drug development. Here, we summarize different setups and readouts of whole blood assays and discuss applications for preclinical research and clinical practice. Finally, we propose combining whole blood stimulation with high-throughput technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing, to comprehensively analyze the human immune system for the identification of biomarkers, therapeutic interventions as well as companion diagnostics.
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- 2024
7. Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS
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Woods, SW, Parker, S, Kerr, MJ, Walsh, BC, Wijtenburg, SA, Prunier, N, Nunez, AR, Buccilli, K, Mourgues-Codern, C, Brummitt, K, Kinney, KS, Trankler, C, Szacilo, J, Colton, B-L, Ali, M, Haidar, A, Billah, T, Huynh, K, Ahmed, U, Adery, LL, Marcy, PJ, Allott, K, Amminger, P, Arango, C, Broome, MR, Cadenhead, KS, Chen, EYH, Choi, J, Conus, P, Cornblatt, BA, Glenthoj, LB, Horton, LE, Kambeitz, J, Kapur, T, Keshavan, MS, Koutsouleris, N, Langbein, K, Lavoie, S, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Mathalon, DH, Mittal, VA, Nordentoft, M, Pasternak, O, Pearlson, GD, Gaspar, PA, Shah, JL, Smesny, S, Stone, WS, Strauss, GP, Wang, J, Corcoran, CM, Perkins, DO, Schiffman, J, Perez, J, Mamah, D, Ellman, LM, Powers, AR, Coleman, MJ, Anticevic, A, Fusar-Poli, P, Kane, JM, Kahn, RS, McGorry, PD, Bearden, CE, Shenton, ME, Nelson, B, Calkins, ME, Hendricks, L, Bouix, S, Addington, J, McGlashan, TH, Yung, AR, Clark, SR, Lewandowski, KE, Torous, J, Woods, SW, Parker, S, Kerr, MJ, Walsh, BC, Wijtenburg, SA, Prunier, N, Nunez, AR, Buccilli, K, Mourgues-Codern, C, Brummitt, K, Kinney, KS, Trankler, C, Szacilo, J, Colton, B-L, Ali, M, Haidar, A, Billah, T, Huynh, K, Ahmed, U, Adery, LL, Marcy, PJ, Allott, K, Amminger, P, Arango, C, Broome, MR, Cadenhead, KS, Chen, EYH, Choi, J, Conus, P, Cornblatt, BA, Glenthoj, LB, Horton, LE, Kambeitz, J, Kapur, T, Keshavan, MS, Koutsouleris, N, Langbein, K, Lavoie, S, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Mathalon, DH, Mittal, VA, Nordentoft, M, Pasternak, O, Pearlson, GD, Gaspar, PA, Shah, JL, Smesny, S, Stone, WS, Strauss, GP, Wang, J, Corcoran, CM, Perkins, DO, Schiffman, J, Perez, J, Mamah, D, Ellman, LM, Powers, AR, Coleman, MJ, Anticevic, A, Fusar-Poli, P, Kane, JM, Kahn, RS, McGorry, PD, Bearden, CE, Shenton, ME, Nelson, B, Calkins, ME, Hendricks, L, Bouix, S, Addington, J, McGlashan, TH, Yung, AR, Clark, SR, Lewandowski, KE, and Torous, J
- Abstract
AIM: To harmonize two ascertainment and severity rating instruments commonly used for the clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis (CHR-P): the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS). METHODS: The initial workshop is described in the companion report from Addington et al. After the workshop, lead experts for each instrument continued harmonizing attenuated positive symptoms and criteria for psychosis and CHR-P through an intensive series of joint videoconferences. RESULTS: Full harmonization was achieved for attenuated positive symptom ratings and psychosis criteria, and modest harmonization for CHR-P criteria. The semi-structured interview, named Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS (PSYCHS), generates CHR-P criteria and severity scores for both CAARMS and SIPS. CONCLUSIONS: Using the PSYCHS for CHR-P ascertainment, conversion determination, and attenuated positive symptom severity rating will help in comparing findings across studies and in meta-analyses.
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- 2024
8. Causation and familial confounding as explanations for the associations of polygenic risk scores with breast cancer: Evidence from innovative ICE FALCON and ICE CRISTAL analyses
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Li, S, Dite, GS, Macinnis, RJ, Bui, M, Nguyen, TL, Esser, VFC, Ye, Z, Dowty, JG, Makalic, E, Sung, J, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, Hopper, JL, Li, S, Dite, GS, Macinnis, RJ, Bui, M, Nguyen, TL, Esser, VFC, Ye, Z, Dowty, JG, Makalic, E, Sung, J, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, and Hopper, JL
- Abstract
A polygenic risk score (PRS) combines the associations of multiple genetic variants that could be due to direct causal effects, indirect genetic effects, or other sources of familial confounding. We have developed new approaches to assess evidence for and against causation by using family data for pairs of relatives (Inference about Causation from Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding [ICE FALCON]) or measures of family history (Inference about Causation from Examining Changes in Regression coefficients and Innovative STatistical AnaLyses [ICE CRISTAL]). Inference is made from the changes in regression coefficients of relatives' PRSs or PRS and family history before and after adjusting for each other. We applied these approaches to two breast cancer PRSs and multiple studies and found that (a) for breast cancer diagnosed at a young age, for example, <50 years, there was no evidence that the PRSs were causal, while (b) for breast cancer diagnosed at later ages, there was consistent evidence for causation explaining increasing amounts of the PRS-disease association. The genetic variants in the PRS might be in linkage disequilibrium with truly causal variants and not causal themselves. These PRSs cause minimal heritability of breast cancer at younger ages. There is also evidence for nongenetic factors shared by first-degree relatives that explain breast cancer familial aggregation. Familial associations are not necessarily due to genes, and genetic associations are not necessarily causal.
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- 2024
9. Breast and bowel cancers diagnosed in people 'too young to have cancer': A blueprint for research using family and twin studies
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Hopper, JL, Li, S, MacInnis, RJ, Dowty, JG, Nguyen, TL, Bui, M, Dite, GS, Esser, VFC, Ye, Z, Makalic, E, Schmidt, DF, Goudey, B, Alpen, K, Kapuscinski, M, Win, AK, Dugue, P-A, Milne, RL, Jayasekara, H, Brooks, JD, Malta, S, Calais-Ferreira, L, Campbell, AC, Young, JT, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Sung, J, Giles, GG, Buchanan, D, Winship, I, Terry, MB, Southey, MC, Jenkins, MA, Hopper, JL, Li, S, MacInnis, RJ, Dowty, JG, Nguyen, TL, Bui, M, Dite, GS, Esser, VFC, Ye, Z, Makalic, E, Schmidt, DF, Goudey, B, Alpen, K, Kapuscinski, M, Win, AK, Dugue, P-A, Milne, RL, Jayasekara, H, Brooks, JD, Malta, S, Calais-Ferreira, L, Campbell, AC, Young, JT, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Sung, J, Giles, GG, Buchanan, D, Winship, I, Terry, MB, Southey, MC, and Jenkins, MA
- Abstract
Young breast and bowel cancers (e.g., those diagnosed before age 40 or 50 years) have far greater morbidity and mortality in terms of years of life lost, and are increasing in incidence, but have been less studied. For breast and bowel cancers, the familial relative risks, and therefore the familial variances in age-specific log(incidence), are much greater at younger ages, but little of these familial variances has been explained. Studies of families and twins can address questions not easily answered by studies of unrelated individuals alone. We describe existing and emerging family and twin data that can provide special opportunities for discovery. We present designs and statistical analyses, including novel ideas such as the VALID (Variance in Age-specific Log Incidence Decomposition) model for causes of variation in risk, the DEPTH (DEPendency of association on the number of Top Hits) and other approaches to analyse genome-wide association study data, and the within-pair, ICE FALCON (Inference about Causation from Examining FAmiliaL CONfounding) and ICE CRISTAL (Inference about Causation from Examining Changes in Regression coefficients and Innovative STatistical AnaLysis) approaches to causation and familial confounding. Example applications to breast and colorectal cancer are presented. Motivated by the availability of the resources of the Breast and Colon Cancer Family Registries, we also present some ideas for future studies that could be applied to, and compared with, cancers diagnosed at older ages and address the challenges posed by young breast and bowel cancers.
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- 2024
10. A structured approach for building multi-community State and Transition Models to support conservation planning
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Good, MK, Rumpff, L, Fraser, H, Gould, E, Jones, CS, Prober, SM, Bourne, M, Butt, N, Byrne, M, Duncan, DH, Gorrod, E, Gosper, CR, Jordan, R, Mcintyre, S, Moore, JL, Nerenberg, S, Pulsford, S, Richards, AE, Rogers, DJ, Sinclair, S, Standish, RJ, Tulloch, A, Travers, SK, Vranjic, J, White, M, Wilson, J, Begley, J, Wright, J, Yates, C, Vesk, PA, Good, MK, Rumpff, L, Fraser, H, Gould, E, Jones, CS, Prober, SM, Bourne, M, Butt, N, Byrne, M, Duncan, DH, Gorrod, E, Gosper, CR, Jordan, R, Mcintyre, S, Moore, JL, Nerenberg, S, Pulsford, S, Richards, AE, Rogers, DJ, Sinclair, S, Standish, RJ, Tulloch, A, Travers, SK, Vranjic, J, White, M, Wilson, J, Begley, J, Wright, J, Yates, C, and Vesk, PA
- Abstract
Global declines in ecosystem extent and condition mean there is an increasing demand for recovery and conservation plans. Conservation plans for ecological communities require a management framework with measurable, time‐bound objectives. Efficient and structured processes that facilitate timely and comparable conservation plans are essential, especially where resources are constrained. We describe a process to streamline the development of conservation plans by combining functionally similar community sub‐types into a multi‐community State and Transition Model that can be used to guide conservation planning. We demonstrate this approach in a case study using eucalypt dominated woodlands of southern Australia—an ecosystem which occupies a vast geographical range across temperate Australia and includes many distinct vegetation communities, a growing number of which are endangered or threatened. Australian woodland ecologists (grouped according to their knowledge of three broad woodland sub‐types) were asked to develop causal chains to describe all factors associated with transitions among woodland condition states, and estimate the likelihoods associated with each transition at two time‐scales. The resultant State and Transition Model includes a set of eight general condition states that are common to eucalypt dominated woodlands, and 364 unique causal chains describing the drivers of all plausible transitions. We include an example of how the same information can be presented as a series of decision trees aimed at supporting on‐ground management decisions. The case study demonstrates that it is possible to construct a detailed State and Transition Model that synthesizes knowledge across multiple similar vegetation communities. To date, State and Transition Models focused on single communities or a smaller spatial scale, and this is the first attempt to construct a nationally relevant multi‐community State and Transition Model via a structured and participat
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- 2024
11. Using social risks to predict unplanned hospital readmission and emergency care among hospitalized Veterans
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Cornell, PY, Hua, CL, Buchalksi, ZM, Chmelka, GR, Cohen, AJ, Daus, MM, Halladay, CW, Harmon, A, Silva, JW, Rudolph, JL, Cornell, PY, Hua, CL, Buchalksi, ZM, Chmelka, GR, Cohen, AJ, Daus, MM, Halladay, CW, Harmon, A, Silva, JW, and Rudolph, JL
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: (1) To estimate the association of social risk factors with unplanned readmission and emergency care after a hospital stay. (2) To create a social risk scoring index. DATA SOURCES AND SETTING: We analyzed administrative data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse. Settings were VA medical centers that participated in a national social work staffing program. STUDY DESIGN: We grouped socially relevant diagnoses, screenings, assessments, and procedure codes into nine social risk domains. We used logistic regression to examine the extent to which domains predicted unplanned hospital readmission and emergency department (ED) use in 30 days after hospital discharge. Covariates were age, sex, and medical readmission risk score. We used model estimates to create a percentile score signaling Veterans' health-related social risk. DATA EXTRACTION: We included 156,690 Veterans' admissions to a VA hospital with discharged to home from 1 October, 2016 to 30 September, 2022. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The 30-day rate of unplanned readmission was 0.074 and of ED use was 0.240. After adjustment, the social risks with greatest probability of readmission were food insecurity (adjusted probability = 0.091 [95% confidence interval: 0.082, 0.101]), legal need (0.090 [0.079, 0.102]), and neighborhood deprivation (0.081 [0.081, 0.108]); versus no social risk (0.052). The greatest adjusted probabilities of ED use were among those who had experienced food insecurity (adjusted probability 0.28 [0.26, 0.30]), legal problems (0.28 [0.26, 0.30]), and violence (0.27 [0.25, 0.29]), versus no social risk (0.21). Veterans with social risk scores in the 95th percentile had greater rates of unplanned care than those with 95th percentile Care Assessment Needs score, a clinical prediction tool used in the VA. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans with social risks may need specialized interventions and targeted resources after a hospital stay. We propose a scoring method to rate soci
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- 2024
12. Integrating climate model projections into environmental risk assessment: A probabilistic modeling approach
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Moe, SJ, Brix, KV, Landis, WG, Stauber, JL, Carriger, JF, Hader, JD, Kunimitsu, T, Mentzel, S, Nathan, R, Noyes, PD, Oldenkamp, R, Rohr, JR, van den Brink, PJ, Verheyen, J, Benestad, RE, Moe, SJ, Brix, KV, Landis, WG, Stauber, JL, Carriger, JF, Hader, JD, Kunimitsu, T, Mentzel, S, Nathan, R, Noyes, PD, Oldenkamp, R, Rohr, JR, van den Brink, PJ, Verheyen, J, and Benestad, RE
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- 2024
13. Childhood infections, asthma and allergy trajectories, and chronic rhinosinusitis in middle age: A prospective cohort study across six decades
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Perret, JL, Idrose, NS, Walters, EH, Bui, DS, Lowe, AJ, Lodge, CJ, Fernandez, AR, Yao, V, Feather, I, Zeng, X-W, Thompson, BR, Erbas, B, Abramson, MJ, Dharmage, SC, Perret, JL, Idrose, NS, Walters, EH, Bui, DS, Lowe, AJ, Lodge, CJ, Fernandez, AR, Yao, V, Feather, I, Zeng, X-W, Thompson, BR, Erbas, B, Abramson, MJ, and Dharmage, SC
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the early life risk factors of adult CRS, and the history of asthma and allergies across the life course, is limited. AIM: To investigate relationships between respiratory infective/allergic conditions in childhood, and asthma and allergies across the life course and CRS in middle age. METHODS: Data were from the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) cohort, first studied in 1968 when aged 6-7 years (n = 8583) and serially followed into middle age (n = 3609). Using a well-accepted epidemiological definition, participants were assigned a CRS-severity subtype at age 53: no sinusitis/CRS (reference); past doctor diagnosis only; current symptoms without doctor diagnosis; and doctor-diagnosed CRS with current symptoms. Relationships with infective/allergic respiratory illnesses at age 7, and previously published asthma-allergy trajectories from 7 to 53 years, were examined using multinominal regression. RESULTS: In middle age, 5.8% reported current CRS symptoms with 2.5% doctor-diagnosed. Childhood conditions associated with symptomatic doctor-diagnosed CRS included frequent head colds (multinomial odds ratio [mOR] = 2.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24, 3.37)), frequent tonsillitis (mOR = 1.61 [95% CI: 1.00, 2.59]) and current childhood asthma (mOR = 2.23 [95% CI: 1.25, 3.98]). Life course trajectories that featured late-onset or persistent asthma and allergies were associated with all CRS subtypes in middle age; early-onset persistent asthma and allergies (mOR = 6.74, 95% CI: 2.76, 16.4); late-onset asthma allergies (mOR = 15.9, 95% CI: 8.06, 31.4), and late-onset hayfever (mOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.51, 6.06) were associated with symptomatic doctor-diagnosed CRS. CONCLUSION: Current asthma, frequent head colds and tonsillitis at age 7 could signal a susceptible child who is at higher risk for CRS in mid-adult life and who might benefit from closer monitoring and/or proactive management. Concurrent asthma and allergies
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- 2024
14. Optimal allocation of resources among general and species-specific tools for plant pest biosecurity surveillance
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Nguyen, H-T-M, Chu, L, Liebhold, AM, Epanchin-Niell, R, Kean, JM, Kompas, T, Robinson, AP, Brockerhoff, EG, Moore, JL, Nguyen, H-T-M, Chu, L, Liebhold, AM, Epanchin-Niell, R, Kean, JM, Kompas, T, Robinson, AP, Brockerhoff, EG, and Moore, JL
- Abstract
This paper proposes a surveillance model for plant pests that can optimally allocate resources among survey tools with varying properties. While some survey tools are highly specific for the detection of a single pest species, others are more generalized. There is considerable variation in the cost and sensitivity of these tools, but there are no guidelines or frameworks for identifying which tools are most cost-effective when used in surveillance programs that target the detection of newly invaded populations. To address this gap, we applied our model to design a trapping surveillance program in New Zealand for bark- and wood-boring insects, some of the most serious forest pests worldwide. Our findings show that exclusively utilizing generalized traps (GTs) proves to be highly cost-effective across a wide range of scenarios, particularly when they are capable of capturing all pest species. Implementing surveillance programs that only employ specialized traps (ST) is cost-effective only when these traps can detect highly damaging pests. However, even in such cases, they significantly lag in cost-effectiveness compared to GT-only programs due to their restricted coverage. When both GTs and STs are used in an integrated surveillance program, the total expected cost (TEC) generally diminishes when compared to programs relying on a single type of trap. However, this relative reduction in TEC is only marginally larger than that achieved with GT-only programs, as long as highly damaging species can be detected by GTs. The proportion of STs among the optimal required traps fluctuates based on several factors, including the relative pricing of GTs and STs, pest arrival rates, potential damage, and, more prominently, the coverage capacity of GTs. Our analysis suggests that deploying GTs extensively across landscapes appears to be more cost-effective in areas with either very high or very low levels of relative risk density, potential damage, and arrival rate. Finally, STs ar
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- 2024
15. Genes involved in muscle lipid composition in 15 European Bos taurus breeds
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Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana, Sevane Fernández, Natalia, Garcia D, Levéziel H, Williams JL, Mangin B, Valentini A, Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana, Sevane Fernández, Natalia, Garcia D, Levéziel H, Williams JL, Mangin B, and Valentini A
- Abstract
Consumers demand healthy and palatable meat, both factors being affected by fat composition. However, red meat has relatively high concentration of saturated fatty acids and low concentration of the beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids. To select animals prone to produce particular fat types, it is necessary to identify the genes influencing muscle lipid composition. This paper describes an association study in which a large panel of candidate genes involved in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and energy homoeostasis was tested for effects on fat composition in 15 European cattle breeds. Sixteen genes were found to have significant effects on different lipid traits, and among these, CFL1 and MYOZ1 were found to have large effects on the ratio of 18:2/18:3, CRI1 on the amount of neutral adrenic acid (22:4 n-6), MMP1 on docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) and conjugated linoleic acid, PLTP on the ratio of n-6:n-3 and IGF2R on flavour. Several genes – ALDH2, CHRNE, CRHR2, DGAT1, IGFBP3, NEB, SOCS2, SUSP1, TCF12 and FOXO1 – also were found to be associated with both lipid and organoleptic traits although with smaller effect. The results presented here help in understanding the genetic and biochemical background underlying variations in fatty acid composition and flavour in beef., EC grant QLK5 – CT2000- 0147.1, Depto. de Producción Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub
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- 2024
16. The Future Proofing Study: Design, methods and baseline characteristics of a prospective cohort study of the mental health of Australian adolescents
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Werner-Seidler, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-6159, Maston, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-8550, Calear, AL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-725X, Batterham, PJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-6876, Larsen, ME ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-2053, Torok, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8075, O’Dea, B, Huckvale, K, Beames, JR ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-0980, Brown, L, Fujimoto, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-1012, Bartholomew, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-2756, Bal, D ; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5903-6124, Schweizer, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-8291, Skinner, SR, Steinbeck, K, Ratcliffe, J, Oei, JL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-3771, Venkatesh, S, Lingam, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-793X, Perry, Y ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-3434, Hudson, JL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-2670, Boydell, KM ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1464-8532, Mackinnon, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-9801, Christensen, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2065, O'Dea, Bridianne ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-210X, Werner-Seidler, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-6159, Maston, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-8550, Calear, AL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-725X, Batterham, PJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-6876, Larsen, ME ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-2053, Torok, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8075, O’Dea, B, Huckvale, K, Beames, JR ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-0980, Brown, L, Fujimoto, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-1012, Bartholomew, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-2756, Bal, D ; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5903-6124, Schweizer, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-8291, Skinner, SR, Steinbeck, K, Ratcliffe, J, Oei, JL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-3771, Venkatesh, S, Lingam, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-793X, Perry, Y ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-3434, Hudson, JL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-2670, Boydell, KM ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1464-8532, Mackinnon, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-9801, Christensen, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2065, and O'Dea, Bridianne ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-210X
- Abstract
Objectives: The Future Proofing Study (FPS) was established to examine factors associated with the onset and course of mental health conditions during adolescence. This paper describes the design, methods, and baseline characteristics of the FPS cohort. Methods: The FPS is an Australian school-based prospective cohort study with an embedded cluster-randomized controlled trial examining the effects of digital prevention programs on mental health. Data sources include self-report questionnaires, cognitive functioning, linkage to health and education records, and smartphone sensor data. Participants are assessed annually for 5 years. Results: The baseline cohort (N = 6388, M = 13.9 years) is broadly representative of the Australian adolescent population. The clinical profile of participants is comparable to other population estimates. Overall, 15.1% of the cohort met the clinical threshold for depression, 18.6% for anxiety, 31.6% for psychological distress, and 4.9% for suicidal ideation. These rates were significantly higher in adolescents who identified as female, gender diverse, sexuality diverse, or Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (all ps < 0.05). Conclusions: This paper provides current and comprehensive data about the status of adolescent mental health in Australia. The FPS cohort is expected to provide significant insights into the risk, protective, and mediating factors associated with development of mental health conditions during adolescence.
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- 2023
17. Cooling glaciers in a warming climate since the Little Ice Age at Qaanaaq, northwest Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)
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Carrivick, JL, Smith, MW, Sutherland, JL, Grimes, M, Carrivick, JL, Smith, MW, Sutherland, JL, and Grimes, M
- Abstract
The centennial response of land-terminating glaciers in Greenland to climate change is largely unknown. Yet, such information is important to understand ongoing changes and for projecting the future evolution of Arctic subpolar glaciers, meltwater runoff, and sediment fluxes. This paper analyses the topography, geomorphology, and sedimentology of prominent moraine ridges and the proglacial areas of ice cap outlet glaciers on the Qaanaaq peninsula (Piulip Nunaa). We determine geometric changes of glaciers since the neoglacial maximum; the Little Ice Age (LIA), and we compare glacier behaviour during the LIA with that of the present day. There has been very little change in the rate of volume loss of each outlet glacier since the LIA compared with the rate between 2000 and 2019. However, the percentage of each glacier that is likely composed of cold-based ice has increased since the LIA, typically by 20%. The LIA moraines comprise subrounded, striated, and faceted clasts that evidence subglacial transport, and outwash plains, flutes, kames, and eskers that evidence subglacial motion and meltwater within temperate ice. Contrastingly, contemporary ice margins and their convex ice surfaces comprise pronounced primary foliation, ephemeral supraglacial drainage, sediment drapes from thrust plane fractures, and an absence of open crevasses and moulins. These calculations and observations together lead us to interpret that these outlet glaciers have transitioned towards an increasingly cold-based thermal regime despite a warming regional climate. Thermal regime transitions control glacier dynamics and therefore should be incorporated into glacier evolution models, especially where polythermal glaciers prevail and where climate is changing rapidly.
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- 2023
18. First implantable cardiac defibrillator insertions in New South Wales, 2005–2020: an analysis of linked administrative data
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Zhu, Lin, primary, Hayen, Andrew, additional, Blanch, Bianca, additional, Engstrom, Nathan, additional, Doust, Jenny A, additional, Semsarian, Christopher, additional, and Bell, Katy JL, additional
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- 2024
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19. Unlocking the Potential of Bio-Based Nitrogen-Rich Furanic Platforms as Biomass Synthons
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Gomes, Rafael FA, Gonçalves, Bruno MF, Andrade, Késsia HS, Sousa, Bárbara B, Maulide, Nuno, Bernardes, Gonçalo JL, Afonso, Carlos AM, Bernardes, Gonçalo JL [0000-0001-6594-8917], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Aldehydes ,Sustainability ,Chemical Biology ,Furan ,Chitin ,Furaldehyde ,Biomass ,Furans - Abstract
The demand for new biomass-derived fine and commodity chemicals propels the discovery of new methodologies and synthons. Whereas furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are cornerstones of sustainable chemistry, 3-acetamido-5-acetyl furan (3A5AF), an N-rich furan obtained from chitin biomass, remains unexplored, due to the poor reactivity of the acetyl group relative to previous furanic aldehydes. Here we developed a reactive 3-acetamido-5-furfuryl aldehyde (3A5F) and demonstrated the utility of this synthon as a source of bio-derived nitrogen-rich heteroaromatics, carbocycles, and as a bioconjugation reagent.
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- 2023
20. Sleep alterations in two different rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease
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Hector, Audrey, primary, Dufort‐Gervais, Julien, additional, Caiado, Maria J Da Costa, additional, Provost, Chloé, additional, Fernandes, Karl JL, additional, Mongrain, Valérie, additional, and Brouillette, Jonathan, additional
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- 2023
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21. COVID‐19 rapid antigen tests approved for self‐testing in Australia: published diagnostic test accuracy studies and manufacturer‐supplied information. A systematic review
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Bell, Katy JL, primary, Li, Yuyang, additional, Medcalf, Ellie, additional, and Ackermann, Deonna, additional
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- 2023
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22. Gestational diabetes mellitus screening and diagnosis criteria before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a retrospective pre–post study
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Meloncelli, Nina JL, primary, Barnett, Adrian G, additional, Cameron, Cate M, additional, McIntyre, David, additional, Callaway, Leonie K, additional, d'Emden, Michael C, additional, and de Jersey, Susan J, additional
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- 2023
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23. Rapid 3D absolute B 1 + mapping using a sandwiched train presaturated TurboFLASH sequence at 7 T for the brain and heart
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Kent, JL, Dragonu, I, Valkovič, L, and Hess, AT
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Abstract
Purpose:To shorten the acquisition time of magnetization-prepared absolute transmit field (B1+) mapping known as presaturation TurboFLASH, or satTFL, to enable single breath-hold whole-heart 3D B1+mapping. Methods:SatTFL is modified to remove the delay between the reference and prepared images (typically 5 T1), with matching transmit configurations for excitation and preparation RF pulses. The new method, called Sandwich,is evaluated as a 3D sequence, measuring whole-brain and gated whole-heart B1+maps in a single breath-hold. We evaluate the sensitivity to B1+and T1using numerical Bloch, extended phase graph, and Monte Carlo simulations. Phantom and in vivo images were acquired in both the brain and heart using an 8-channel transmit 7 Tesla MRI system to support the simulations. A segmented satTFL with a short readout train was used as a reference. Results:The method significantly reduces acquisition times of 3D measurements from 360 s to 20 s, in the brain, while simultaneously reducing bias in the measured B1+due to T1and magnetization history. The mean coefficient of variation was reduced by 81% for T1s of 0.5–3s compared to conventional satTFL. In vivo, the reproducibility coefficient for flip angles in the range 0–130° was 4.5° for satTFL and 4.7° for our scheme, significantly smaller than for a short TR satTFL sequence, which was 12°. The 3D sequence measured B1+maps of the whole thorax in 26 heartbeats. Conclusion:Our adaptations enable faster B1+mapping, with minimal T1sensitivity and lower sensitivity to magnetization history, enabling single breath-hold whole-heart absolute B1+mapping.
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- 2022
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24. Resilience, and positive parenting in parents of children with syndromic autism and intellectual disability. Evidence from the impact of the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 pandemic on family's quality of life and p <scp>arent–child</scp> relationships
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Bolbocean, C, Rhidenour, KB, McCormack, M, Suter, B, and Holder, JL
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Parents ,Parenting ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Intellectual Disability ,General Neuroscience ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,Neurology (clinical) ,Autistic Disorder ,Parent-Child Relations ,Pandemics ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Family quality of life (FQoL) outcomes collected during the first year of COVID-19 has been combined with 2018 data to estimate the outbreak's impact on parental outcomes on a sample of 230 families with syndromic autistic children and those with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Despite challenges imposed by the COVID-19 outbreak, our study found that FQoL outcomes reported by participating parents during the first year of COVID-19 appears to be similar to ratings from a prepandemic study of families with the same conditions. Parents of children in our sample generally displayed a stable functioning trajectory as measured by the validated FQoL instrument. Across syndromic autistic groups considered, families reported that their relationships with their children were positive. Our findings provide evidence of families' resilience which might explain the presence of positive parent-child interactions during COVID-19. Exploring mechanisms which would explain how families with autistic and ID children confront, manage disruptive experiences, and buffer COVID-19 induced stress is a fruitful direction for future research.
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- 2022
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25. Toxocara and environmental damage
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Little, Christopher JL, primary
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- 2023
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26. Gastrointestinal: A case of black stomach and duodenum
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Ho, JL, primary, Wee, EWL, additional, and Wong, BPK, additional
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- 2023
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27. Vertically aligned nanocomposite films by self-assembled epitaxial nucleation for super-broadband transparent conductors
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Ha, Y, MacManus-Driscoll, JL, Lee, S, MacManus-Driscoll, JL [0000-0003-4987-6620], Lee, S [0000-0002-4907-7362], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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vertically aligned nanocomposite films ,super-broadband transparent conductors ,epitaxial nucleation ,spontaneous phase separation ,SrVO3-Ba3V2O8 - Abstract
Designing super‐broadband transparent conductors is challenging because of the exclusive nature of conductivity and infrared transmittance. Here, using a one‐step process, we created vertically aligned nanocomposite conducting films with high transparency across a super‐broad wavelength range. Vertically aligned transparent Ba3V2O8 nanocolumns with lateral ~100‐nm widths enable high transmittance (>50%, even at a 4‐μm wavelength) for all incident light and outperform that of Sn‐doped In2O3, while the conducting SrVO3 matrix retains low resistivity (
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- 2023
28. Template Pore Size and A-Site Cation Management Dictate Luminescence Efficiency, Stability, and Wavelength in Confined Perovskite Nanostructures
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Da Costa, VCP, Frohna, K, Stranks, SD, Coffer, JL, Coffer, JL [0000-0003-0267-9646], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Coffer, Jeffery L [0000-0003-0267-9646]
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confined perovskites ,photoluminescence ,mesoporous silica ,stability ,quantum confinement - Abstract
A‐site cation composition is a useful lever in optimizing the photophysical properties and stability of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Independent of this, straightforward preparative routes to MHP nanostructures that employ a single solid‐state template with modest thermal requirements are also in demand. Here both strategies are employed in the fabrication and evaluation of luminescence properties of mixed formamidinium/cesium (Cs x FA1− x PbBr3) and methylammonium/cesium (Cs x MA1− x PbBr3) nanostructures formed within confining mesoporous silica of 4 and 7 nm average pore diameters. Use of such small‐pore oxide‐terminated templates produce perovskite nanostructures in the strongly confined regime, with broadly tunable emission from green to sky blue. It is found that the smallest nanostructures that are formamidinium rich exhibit the largest photoluminescence quantum efficiency values, but such values diminish by more than 50% in a 10 day period. In contrast, the same nanostructures formed within a 7 nm porous template retain their efficiency values over the same time window. The likely origins of this size‐dependent behavior are discussed in terms of pore‐size‐dependent capillary forces. Such routes may ultimately lead to improved light‐emitting diode designs composed of controlled quantum‐confined perovskites of greater intrinsic stability than other emitters such as ligand‐based colloidal nanocrystals.
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- 2023
29. Engineering of Grain Boundaries in CeO2 Enabling Tailorable Resistive Switching Properties
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Dou, H, Hellenbrand, M, Xiao, M, Hu, Z, Kunwar, S, Chen, A, MacManus-Driscoll, JL, Jia, Q, Wang, H, Hellenbrand, M [0000-0002-5811-5228], Kunwar, S [0000-0001-6289-6613], Chen, A [0000-0003-2639-2797], MacManus-Driscoll, JL [0000-0003-4987-6620], Jia, Q [0000-0002-7683-5202], Wang, H [0000-0002-7397-1209], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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defect engineering ,memristors ,grain boundary ,resistive switching ,cerium oxide - Abstract
Defect engineering in valence change memories aimed at tuning the concentration and transport of oxygen vacancies are studied extensively, however mostly focusing on contribution from individual extended defects such as single dislocations and grain boundaries. In this work, the impact of engineering large numbers of grain boundaries on resistive switching mechanisms and performances is investigated. Three different grain morphologies, that is, “random network,” “columnar scaffold,” and “island‐like,” are realized in CeO2 thin films. The devices with the three grain morphologies demonstrate vastly different resistive switching behaviors. The best overall resistive switching performance is shown in the devices with “columnar scaffold” morphology, where the vertical grain boundaries extending through the film facilitate the generation of oxygen vacancies as well as their migration under external bias. The observation of both interfacial and filamentary switching modes only in the devices with a “columnar scaffold” morphology further confirms the contribution from grain boundaries. In contrast, the “random network” or “island‐like” structures result in excessive or insufficient oxygen vacancy concentration migration paths. The research provides design guidelines for grain boundary engineering of oxide‐based resistive switching materials to tune the resistive switching performances for memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
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- 2023
30. The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study
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Adamina, Michel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adisa, Adewale, Bhangu, Aneel A, Bravo, Ana Minaya, Cunha, Miguel F, Emile, Sameh, Ghosh, Dhruva, Glasbey, James C, Harris, Benjamin, Keller, Debby, Lawday, Samuel, Lederhuber, Hans, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Elizabeth, Modolo, Maria Marta, Mittal, Rohin, Mohan, Helen M, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Parreño‐Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Pata, Francesco, Pockney, Peter, Rutegård, Martin, Smart, Neil, Varghese, Chris, Siaw‐Acheampong, Kwabena, Benson, Ruth A, Bywater, Edward, Chaudhry, Daoud, Dawson, Brett E, Evans, Jonathan P, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Heritage, Emily, Jones, Conor S, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Khatri, Chetan, Khaw, Rachel A, Keatley, James M, Knight, Andrew, Mann, Harvinder S, Marson, Ella J, McLean, Kenneth A, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mills, Emily C, Pellino, Gianluca, Picciochi, Maria, Taylor, Elliott H, Tiwari, Abhinav, Trout, Isobel M, Venn, Mary L, Wilkin, Richard JW, Bhangu, Aneel, Smart, Neil J, Minaya‐Bravo, Ana, Gallo, Gaetano, Moug, Susan, Di Saverio, Salomone, Vallance, Abigail, Vimalchandran, Dale, Griffiths, Ewen A, Evans, Richard PT, Townend, Philip, Roberts, Keith, McKay, Siobhan, Isaac, John, Satoi, Sohei, Edwards, John, Coonar, Aman S, Marchbank, Adrian, Caruana, Edward J, Layton, Georgia R, Patel, Akshay, Brunelli, Alessandro, Ford, Samuel, Desai, Anant, Gronchi, Alessandro, Fiore, Marco, Almond, Max, Tirotta, Fabio, Dumitra, Sinziana, Kolias, Angelos, Price, Stephen J, Fountain, Daniel M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Hutchinson, Peter, Marcus, Hani J, Piper, Rory J, Lippa, Laura, Servadei, Franco, Esene, Ignatius, Freyschlag, Christian, Neville, Iuri, Rosseau, Gail, Schaller, Karl, Demetriades, Andreas K, Robertson, Faith, Alamri, Alex, Shaw, Richard, Schache, Andrew G, Winter, Stuart C, Ho, Michael, Nankivell, Paul, Biel, Juan Rey, Batstone, Martin, Ganly, Ian, Vidya, Raghavan, Wilkins, Alex, Singh, Jagdeep K, Thekinkattil, Dinesh, Sundar, Sudha, Fotopoulou, Christina, Leung, Elaine YL, Khan, Tabassum, Chiva, Luis, Sehouli, Jalid, Fagotti, Anna, Cohen, Paul, Gutelkin, Murat, Ghebre, Rahel, Konney, Thomas, Pareja, Rene, Bristow, Rob, Dowdy, Sean, Shylasree, TS, Seenivasagam, Rajkumar Kottayasamy, Ng, Joe, Fujiwara, Keiichi, Stewart, Grant D, Lamb, Benjamin, Narahari, Krishna, McNeill, Alan, Colquhoun, Alexandra, McGrath, John S, Bromage, Steve, Barod, Ravi, Kasivisvanathan, Veeru, Klatte, Tobias, Abbott, Tom EF, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Agarwal, Arnav, Akkulak, Murat, Alameer, Ehab, Alderson, Derek, Alakaloko, Felix, Albertsmeier, Markus, Alser, Osaid, Alshaar, Muhammad, Alshryda, Sattar, Arnaud, Alexis P, Augestad, Knut Magne, Ayasra, Faris, Azevedo, José, Bankhead‐Kendall, Brittany K, Barlow, Emma, Beard, David, Blanco‐Colino, Ruth, Brar, Amanpreet, Breen, Kerry A, Bretherton, Chris, Buarque, Igor Lima, Burke, Joshua, Chaar, Mohammad, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Christensen, Peter, Cox, Daniel, Cukier, Moises, Davidson, Giana H, Drake, Thomas M, Edwards, John G, Elhadi, Muhammed, Farik, Shebani, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Garmanova, Tatiana, Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde, Grecinos, Gustavo, Gruendl, Magdalena, Halkias, Constantine, Harrison, Ewen M, Hisham, Intisar, Hutchinson, Peter J, Hwang, Shelley, Isik, Arda, Jonker, Pascal, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Kruijff, Schelto, Lawani, Ismail, Litvin, Andrey, Loehrer, Andrew, Löffler, Markus W, Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Major, Piotr, Martin, Janet, Mashbari, Hassan N, Mazingi, Dennis, Metallidis, Symeon, Moore, Rachel, Moszkowicz, David, Ng‐Kamstra, Joshua S, Maimbo, Mayaba, Negoi, Ionut, Niquen, Milagros, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Olivos, Maricarmen, Oussama, Kacimi, Outani, Oumaima, Rivera, Carlos Jose Perez, Pinkney, Thomas D, van der Plas, Willemijn, Qureshi, Ahmad, Radenkovic, Dejan, la Medina, Antonio Ramos‐De, Richards, Toby, Roslani, April C, Segura‐Sampedro, Juan José, Santos, Irène, Sayyed, Raza, Schache, Andrew, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Seyi‐Olajide, Justina O, Sharma, Neil, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Sund, Malin, Tabiri, Stephen, Tsoulfas, Georgios, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, Vimalachandran, Dale, Warren, Oliver J, Wedderburn, Duane, Wright, Naomi, Valenzuela, JI, Alurralde, C, Caram, EL, Eskinazi, DG, Badra, R, García, JS, Lucchini, SM, Vasey, C, Watson, E, Cecire, J, Salindera, S, Sutherland, A, Ahn, JH, Chen, S, Gauri, N, Jang, S, Jia, F, Mulligan, CS ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-2924, Yang, W, Ye, G, Zhang, H, Moss, J, Richards, T, Thian, A, Vo, UG, Bagraith, K, Chan, E, Ho, D, Jeyarajan, E, Jordan, S, Nolan, GJ, Von Papen, M, Wullschleger, M, Dawson, AC, Drane, A, Egoroff, N, Gani, J, Lott, N, Pockney, P, Phan, D, Townend, D, Bong, C, Gundara, J, Bowman, S, Guerra, GR, Gerns, N, Riddell, A, Dudi‐Venkata, NN, Kroon, HM, Sammour, T, Mitchell, D, Swinson, B, Waldron, A, Walker, P, Lun, EWY, Messner, F, Öfner, D, Emmanuel, K, Grechenig, M, Gruber, R, Harald, M, Jäger, T, Öhlberger, L, Presl, J, Wimmer, A, Namazov, İ, Samadov, E, Barker, D, Boyce, R, Doyle, A, Eastmond, A, Gill, R, O’Shea, M, Padmore, G, Paquette, N, Phillips, E, St John, S, Walkes, K, Flamey, N, Pattyn, P, Ceelen, W, Van de Putte, D, Van Nieuwenhove, Y, Van Ramshorst, G, Willaert, W, Oosterlinck, W, Van den Eynde, J, Van den Eynde, R, Júnior, S Aguiar, Marques, T, Camara, P, De Lima, RK, Della Giustina, E, Hoffmann, PV, Nacif, L, Ferro, C Carvalho, Gomes, GMA, Buarque, I Lima, dos Santos Leite, A Lira, Pol‐Fachin, L, Bezerra, T Santos, Silva, A, Silvestre, D, Barros, A Vieira, Laporte, G, Salem, M, Awada, J Barakat, Ijichi, TR, Kim, NJ, Marreiro, A, Muller, B, Nunes, R, Bodanese, B, Isoton, JC, de Sampaio, L Regina, Vendrame, C, Sokolov, M, Gribnev, P, Boutros, M, Caminsky, N, Ghitulescu, G, Groot, G, Persad, A, Pham, H, Wood, M, Demyttenaere, S, Garfinkle, R, Brown, C, Karimuddin, A, Lee, N, Liu, J, Kia, T Madani, Phang, PT, Raval, M, Tom, K, Martel, A, Nessim, C, Stevenson, J, Riyami, S Al, Bali, K, Bigam, D, Dajani, K, Dell, A, Bellolio, F, Besser, N, Grasset, E, Inzunza, M, Martinic, M Quintana, Altamirano, C Riquoir, Esquide, M Ruiz, Arias‐Amézquita, F, Cétares, C, Murgueitio, N Cortes, Gomez‐Mayorga, JL, Abadia, M, Bonilla, A, Facundo, H, Guevara, O, Mora, Herrera, Ramirez, LJ Jimenez, Manrique, E, Morales, RE Pinilla, Ferro, M Rey, Cuasquen, Velasquez, Bačić, G, Karlović, D, Kršul, D, Zelić, M, Bakmaz, B, Ćoza, I, Dijan, E, Katusic, Z, Mihanovic, J, Rakvin, I, Almezghwi, H, Arslan, K, Özant, A, Özçay, N, Frantzeskou, K, Gouvas, N, Kokkinos, G, Papatheodorou, P, Pozotou, I, Stavrinidou, O, Yiallourou, A, Martinek, L, Skrovina, M, Szubota, I, Peteja, M, Žatecký, J, Avlund, T, Christensen, P, Harbjerg, JL, Iversen, LH, Kjaer, DW, Kristensen, HØ, Mekhael, M, Ebbehøj, AL, Krarup, P, Schlesinger, N, Smith, H, Crespo, A, Díaz, P, Rivas, R, Tactuk, N, Kassas, M El, Omar, W, Tawheed, A, Talaat, M, Abdelsamed, A, Azzam, AY, Salem, H, Seleim, A, Sayed, M AL, Ashoush, F, Elazzazy, E, Essam, E, Ewedah, M, Hassan, E, Metwalli, M, Mourad, M, Qatora, Sabry, A, Samih, A, Abdelaal, A Samir, Shehata, S, Shenit, K, Attia, D, Kamal, N, Osman, N, Alaa, S, Hamza, HM, M.elghazaly, S, Mohammed, MM, Nageh, MA, Saad, MM, Yousof, EA, Eldaly, A, Alrahawy, M, Sakr, A, Soliman, H, Soltan, H, Amira, G, Sallam, I, Sherief, M, Sherif, A, Ghaly, G, Hamdy, R, Morsi, A, Sherif, G, Abdeldayem, H, Salama, I Abdelkader, Balabel, M, Fayed, Y, Sherif, Ahmed Elshawadfy, Elmorsi, R, Refky, B, Bekele, K, Kauppila, JH, Sarjanoja, E, Helminen, O, Huhta, H, Beyrne, C, Jouffret, L, Marie‐Macron, L, Fredon, F, Roux, A, Lakkis, Z, Manfredelli, S, Chebaro, A, Amrani, M El, Lecolle, K, Piessen, G, Eveno, C, Noiret, B, Veziant, J, Pruvot, FR, Zerbib, P, Ballouhey, Q, Barrat, B, Taibi, A, Bergeat, D, Merdrignac, A, Le Roy, B, Perotto, LO, Scalabre, A, Aimé, A, Ezanno, AC, Malgras, B, Bouché, PA, Tzedakis, S, Cotte, E, Glehen, O, Bendjemar, L, Braham, H, Charre, L, Arbi, N El, Police, A, Volpin, E, D’Urso, A, Mutter, D, Seeliger, B, Bonnet, S, Denet, C, Fuks, D, Laforest, A, Pourcher, G, 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Miu, V, Onos, L, Sheridan, K, Young, R, Alam, F, Griffiths, O, Houlden, C, Kolli, VS, Lala, AK, Seymour, Z, Consorti, E, Gonzalez, R, Kwan‐Feinberg, R, Liu, T, Cooper, Z, Hirji, S, Mahvi, D, Okafor, B, Roxo, V, Salim, A, Loehrer, A, Telma, K, Bokenkamp, M, Haynes, Hill, C, Leede, E, McElhinney, K, Olson, KA, Riley, C, Bigelow, B, Etchill, EW, Gabre‐Kidan, A, Jenny, HE, Kent, A, Ladd, Long, C, Malapati, H, Margalit, A, Rapaport, S, Rose, J, Stevens, K, Tsai, L, Vervoort, D, Yesantharao, P, Klaristenfeld, D, Huynh, KT, Kaafarani, H, Naar, L, Qadan, M, Cha, DE, Gleeson, E, Horn, C, Sarpel, U, Bhama, A, Colling, K, Najarian, M, Azam, M, Choudhry, A, Marx, W, Chokshi, R, Glass, N, Tsui, G, Abel, MK, Boeck, M, Chern, H, Kornblith, LZ, Nunez‐Garcia, B, Ozgediz, D, Sarin, A, Varma, Abbott, D, Acher, A, Aiken, T, Barrett, J, Foley, E, Schwartz, PB, Zafar, Hawkins, AT, Maiga, A, Ruzgar, NM, Sion, M, Ullrich, S, Al‐Naggar, H, Al‐Shehari, M, Almassaudi, A, Alsayadi, M, Alsayadi, R, and Shream, S
- Abstract
Aim The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. Methods This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January–April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. Results Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90–1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69–1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease.
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- 2022
31. Association of contralateral breast cancer risk with mammographic density defined at higher-than-conventional intensity thresholds
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Watt, GP, Knight, JA, Nguyen, TL, Reiner, AS, Malone, KE, John, EM, Lynch, CF, Brooks, JD, Woods, M, Liang, X, Bernstein, L, Pike, MC, Hopper, JL, Bernstein, JL, Watt, GP, Knight, JA, Nguyen, TL, Reiner, AS, Malone, KE, John, EM, Lynch, CF, Brooks, JD, Woods, M, Liang, X, Bernstein, L, Pike, MC, Hopper, JL, and Bernstein, JL
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Mammographic dense area (MDA) is an established predictor of future breast cancer risk. Recent studies have found that risk prediction might be improved by redefining MDA in effect at higher-than-conventional intensity thresholds. We assessed whether such higher-intensity MDA measures gave stronger prediction of subsequent contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk using the Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study, a population-based CBC case-control study of ≥1 year survivors of unilateral breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2008. Three measures of MDA for the unaffected contralateral breast were made at the conventional intensity threshold ("Cumulus") and at two sequentially higher-intensity thresholds ("Altocumulus" and "Cirrocumulus") using the CUMULUS software and mammograms taken up to 3 years prior to the first breast cancer diagnosis. The measures were fitted separately and together in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models of CBC (252 CBC cases and 271 unilateral breast cancer controls). The strongest association with CBC was MDA defined using the highest intensity threshold, Cirrocumulus (odds ratio per adjusted SD [OPERA] 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.73); and the weakest association was MDA defined at the conventional threshold, Cumulus (1.32, 95% CI 1.05-1.66). In a model fitting the three measures together, the association of CBC with Cirrocumulus was unchanged (1.40, 95% CI 0.97-2.05), and the lower brightness measures did not contribute to the CBC model fit. These results suggest that MDA defined at a high-intensity threshold is a better predictor of CBC risk and has the potential to improve CBC risk stratification beyond conventional MDA measures.
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- 2022
32. Measured weight loss as a precursor to cancer diagnosis: retrospective cohort analysis of 43 302 primary care patients
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Nicholson, BD, Thompson, MJ, Hobbs, FDR, Nguyen, M, McLellan, J, Green, B, Chubak, J, and Oke, JL
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Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Primary Health Care ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Cohort Studies ,Neoplasms ,Physiology (medical) ,Weight Loss ,Humans ,Female ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background Unexpected weight loss is a presenting feature of cancer in primary care. Data from primary care are lacking to quantify how much weight loss over what period should trigger further investigation for cancer. This research aimed to quantify cancer diagnosis rates associated with measured weight change in people attending primary care. Methods Retrospective cohort study of primary care electronic health records data linked to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry (Integrated healthcare delivery system in Washington State, United States). Multivariable Cox regression incorporating time varying covariates using splines to model non-linear associations (age, percentage weight change, and weight change interval). Fifty thousand randomly selected patients aged 40 years and over followed for up to 9 years (1 January 2006 to 31 December 2014). Outcome measures are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) to quantify the association between percentage weight change and cancer diagnosis for all cancers combined, individual cancer sites and stages; percentage risk of cancer diagnosis within 6 months of the end of each weight change episode; and the positive predictive value for cancer diagnosis. Results There were 43 302 included in the analysis after exclusions. Over 287 858 patient-years of follow-up, including 24 272 (56.1%) females, 23 980 (55.4%) aged 40 to 59 years, 15 113 (34.9%) 60 to 79 years, and 4209 (9.7%) aged 80 years and over. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for cancer diagnosis in a 60 years old ranged from 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05, P < 0.001) for 1% weight loss to 1.44 (1.23 to 1.68, P < 0.001) for 10%. An independent linear association was observed between percentage weight loss and increasing cancer risk. The absolute risk of cancer diagnosis increased with increasing age (up to 85 years) and as the weight change measurement interval decreased ( Conclusions Weight loss is a sign of undiagnosed cancer regardless of the interval over which it occurs. Guidelines should resist giving an arbitrary cut-off for the interval of weight loss and focus on the percentage of weight loss and the patient's age. Future studies should focus on the association between diagnostic evaluation of weight change and risk of cancer mortality.
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- 2022
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33. Parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia: A cross-sectional analysis of a global collaborative study
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Oh, DJ, Bae, JB, Lipnicki, DM ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-3577, Han, JW, Sachdev, PS ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Kim, TH, Kwak, KP, Kim, BJ, Kim, SG, Kim, JL, Moon, SW, Park, JH, Ryu, SH, Youn, JC, Lee, DY, Lee, DW, Lee, SB, Lee, JJ, Jhoo, JH, Skoog, I, Najar, J, Sterner, TR, Guaita, A, Vaccaro, R, Rolandi, E, Scarmeas, N, Yannakoulia, M, Kosmidis, MH, Riedel-Heller, SG, Roehr, S, Dominguez, J, De Guzman, MF, Fowler, KC, Lobo, A, Saz, P, Lopez-Anton, R, Anstey, KJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9316, Cherbuin, N, Mortby, ME ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-6628, Brodaty, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6617, Trollor, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-2977, Kochan, N ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-6398, Kim, KW, Jorm, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-661X, Oh, DJ, Bae, JB, Lipnicki, DM ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-3577, Han, JW, Sachdev, PS ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Kim, TH, Kwak, KP, Kim, BJ, Kim, SG, Kim, JL, Moon, SW, Park, JH, Ryu, SH, Youn, JC, Lee, DY, Lee, DW, Lee, SB, Lee, JJ, Jhoo, JH, Skoog, I, Najar, J, Sterner, TR, Guaita, A, Vaccaro, R, Rolandi, E, Scarmeas, N, Yannakoulia, M, Kosmidis, MH, Riedel-Heller, SG, Roehr, S, Dominguez, J, De Guzman, MF, Fowler, KC, Lobo, A, Saz, P, Lopez-Anton, R, Anstey, KJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9316, Cherbuin, N, Mortby, ME ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-6628, Brodaty, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6617, Trollor, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-2977, Kochan, N ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-6398, Kim, KW, and Jorm, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-661X
- Abstract
Background: Parental history of dementia appears to increase the risk of dementia, but there have been inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate whether the association between parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia are different by dementia subtypes and sex of parent and offspring. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we harmonized and pooled data for 17,194 older adults from nine population-based cohorts of eight countries. These studies conducted face-to-face diagnostic interviews, physical and neurological examinations, and neuropsychological assessments to diagnose dementia. We investigated the associations of maternal and paternal history of dementia with the risk of dementia and its subtypes in offspring. Results: The mean age of the participants was 72.8 ± 7.9 years and 59.2% were female. Parental history of dementia was associated with higher risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–1.86) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.31–2.26), but not with the risk of non-AD. This was largely driven by maternal history of dementia, which was associated with the risk of dementia (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.15–1.97) and AD (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.33–2.43) whereas paternal history of dementia was not. These results remained significant when males and females were analyzed separately (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28–3.55 in males; OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.16–2.44 for females). Conclusions: Maternal history of dementia was associated with the risk of dementia and AD in both males and females. Maternal history of dementia may be a useful marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of AD and stratifying the risk for AD in clinical trials.
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- 2023
34. Distinguishing apathy from depression: A review differentiating the behavioral, neuroanatomic, and treatment-related aspects of apathy from depression in neurocognitive disorders
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Lanctôt, KL, Ismail, Z, Bawa, KK, Cummings, JL, Husain, M, Mortby, ME ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-6628, Robert, P, Lanctôt, KL, Ismail, Z, Bawa, KK, Cummings, JL, Husain, M, Mortby, ME ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-6628, and Robert, P
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Objectives: This narrative review describes the clinical features of apathy and depression in individuals with neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), with the goal of differentiating the two syndromes on the basis of clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, neuropathological features, and contrasting responses to treatments. Methods: Literature was identified using PubMed, with search terms to capture medical conditions of interest; additional references were also included based on our collective experience and knowledge of the literature. Results: Evidence from current literature supports the distinction between the two disorders; apathy and depression occur with varying prevalence in individuals with NCDs, pose different risks of progression to dementia, and have distinct, if overlapping, neurobiological underpinnings. Although apathy is a distinct neuropsychiatric syndrome, distinguishing apathy from depression can be challenging, as both conditions may occur concurrently and share several overlapping features. Apathy is associated with unfavorable outcomes, especially those with neurodegenerative etiologies (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and is associated with an increased burden for both patients and caregivers. Diagnosing apathy is important not only to serve as the basis for appropriate treatment, but also for the development of novel targeted interventions for this condition. Although there are currently no approved pharmacologic treatments for apathy, the research described in this review supports apathy as a distinct neuropsychiatric condition that warrants specific treatments aimed at alleviating patient disability. Conclusions: Despite differences between these disorders, both apathy and depression pose significant challenges to patients, their families, and caregivers; better diagnostics are needed to develop more tailored treatment and support.
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- 2023
35. Motor cortical excitability and pre-supplementary motor area neurochemistry in healthy adults with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity
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Todd, G, Rae, CD ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-8084, Taylor, JL, Rogasch, NC, Butler, JE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-8152, Hayes, M, Wilcox, RA, Gandevia, SC ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-3821, Aoun, K, Esterman, A, Lewis, SJG, Hall, JM, Matar, E, Godau, J, Berg, D, Plewnia, C, von Thaler, AK, Chiang, C, Double, KL, Todd, G, Rae, CD ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-8084, Taylor, JL, Rogasch, NC, Butler, JE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-8152, Hayes, M, Wilcox, RA, Gandevia, SC ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-3821, Aoun, K, Esterman, A, Lewis, SJG, Hall, JM, Matar, E, Godau, J, Berg, D, Plewnia, C, von Thaler, AK, Chiang, C, and Double, KL
- Abstract
Substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity, viewed with transcranial ultrasound, is a risk marker for Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy adults aged 50–70 years is associated with reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex, and that the reduced intracortical inhibition is associated with neurochemical markers of activity in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in primary motor cortex was assessed with paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in 23 healthy adults with normal (n = 14; 61 ± 7 yrs) or abnormally enlarged (hyperechogenic; n = 9; 60 ± 6 yrs) area of SN echogenicity. Thirteen of these participants (7 SN− and 6 SN+) also underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate pre-SMA neurochemistry. There was no relationship between area of SN echogenicity and short-interval intracortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. There was a significant positive relationship, however, between area of echogenicity in the right SN and the magnitude of intracortical facilitation in the right (ipsilateral) primary motor cortex (p =.005; multivariate regression), evidenced by the amplitude of the conditioned motor evoked potential (MEP) at the 10–12 ms interstimulus interval. This relationship was not present on the left side. Pre-SMA glutamate did not predict primary motor cortex inhibition or facilitation. The results suggest that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy older adults may be associated with changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry. The results advance understanding of brain changes in healthy older adults at risk of Parkinson's disease.
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- 2023
36. Association of the CHEK2 c.1100delC variant, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with contralateral breast cancer risk and breast cancer-specific survival.
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Morra, A, Schreurs, MAC, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Augustinsson, A, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Broeks, A, Patel, AV, Peterlongo, P, Phillips, K-A, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Polley, EC, Presneau, N, Pylkäs, K, Rack, B, Radice, P, Rashid, MU, Southey, MC, Rhenius, V, Robson, M, Romero, A, Saloustros, E, Sawyer, EJ, Schmutzler, RK, Schuetze, S, Scott, C, Shah, M, Smichkoska, S, Tapper, WJ, Teras, LR, Tollenaar, RAEM, Tomczyk, K, Tomlinson, I, Troester, MA, Vachon, CM, van Veen, EM, Wang, Q, Buys, SS, Wendt, C, Wildiers, H, Winqvist, R, Ziogas, A, Hall, P, Pharoah, PDP, Adank, MA, Hollestelle, A, Schmidt, MK, Hooning, MJ, Camp, NJ, Castelao, JE, Cessna, MH, Chang-Claude, J, Chung, WK, NBCS Collaborators, Colonna, SV, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Czene, K, Daly, MB, Dennis, J, Devilee, P, Dörk, T, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Easton, DF, Eccles, DM, Eriksson, M, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Fehm, TN, Figueroa, JD, Flyger, H, Gabrielson, M, Gago-Dominguez, M, García-Closas, M, García-Sáenz, JA, Genkinger, J, Grassmann, F, Gündert, M, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Hamann, U, Harrington, PA, Hartikainen, JM, Hoppe, R, Hopper, JL, Houlston, RS, Howell, A, ABCTB Investigators, kConFab Investigators, Jakubowska, A, Janni, W, Jernström, H, John, EM, Johnson, N, Jones, ME, Kristensen, VN, Kurian, AW, Lambrechts, D, Le Marchand, L, Lindblom, A, Lubiński, J, Lux, MP, Mannermaa, A, Mavroudis, D, Mulligan, AM, Muranen, TA, Nevanlinna, H, Nevelsteen, I, Neven, P, Newman, WG, Obi, N, Offit, K, Olshan, AF, Park-Simon, T-W, Morra, A, Schreurs, MAC, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Augustinsson, A, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Broeks, A, Patel, AV, Peterlongo, P, Phillips, K-A, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Polley, EC, Presneau, N, Pylkäs, K, Rack, B, Radice, P, Rashid, MU, Southey, MC, Rhenius, V, Robson, M, Romero, A, Saloustros, E, Sawyer, EJ, Schmutzler, RK, Schuetze, S, Scott, C, Shah, M, Smichkoska, S, Tapper, WJ, Teras, LR, Tollenaar, RAEM, Tomczyk, K, Tomlinson, I, Troester, MA, Vachon, CM, van Veen, EM, Wang, Q, Buys, SS, Wendt, C, Wildiers, H, Winqvist, R, Ziogas, A, Hall, P, Pharoah, PDP, Adank, MA, Hollestelle, A, Schmidt, MK, Hooning, MJ, Camp, NJ, Castelao, JE, Cessna, MH, Chang-Claude, J, Chung, WK, NBCS Collaborators, Colonna, SV, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Czene, K, Daly, MB, Dennis, J, Devilee, P, Dörk, T, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Easton, DF, Eccles, DM, Eriksson, M, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Fehm, TN, Figueroa, JD, Flyger, H, Gabrielson, M, Gago-Dominguez, M, García-Closas, M, García-Sáenz, JA, Genkinger, J, Grassmann, F, Gündert, M, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Hamann, U, Harrington, PA, Hartikainen, JM, Hoppe, R, Hopper, JL, Houlston, RS, Howell, A, ABCTB Investigators, kConFab Investigators, Jakubowska, A, Janni, W, Jernström, H, John, EM, Johnson, N, Jones, ME, Kristensen, VN, Kurian, AW, Lambrechts, D, Le Marchand, L, Lindblom, A, Lubiński, J, Lux, MP, Mannermaa, A, Mavroudis, D, Mulligan, AM, Muranen, TA, Nevanlinna, H, Nevelsteen, I, Neven, P, Newman, WG, Obi, N, Offit, K, Olshan, AF, and Park-Simon, T-W
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) patients with a germline CHEK2 c.1100delC variant have an increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC) and worse BC-specific survival (BCSS) compared to non-carriers. AIM: To assessed the associations of CHEK2 c.1100delC, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with CBC risk and BCSS. METHODS: Analyses were based on 82,701 women diagnosed with a first primary invasive BC including 963 CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers; median follow-up was 9.1 years. Differential associations with treatment by CHEK2 c.1100delC status were tested by including interaction terms in a multivariable Cox regression model. A multi-state model was used for further insight into the relation between CHEK2 c.1100delC status, treatment, CBC risk and death. RESULTS: There was no evidence for differential associations of therapy with CBC risk by CHEK2 c.1100delC status. The strongest association with reduced CBC risk was observed for the combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy [HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.55-0.78)]. No association was observed with radiotherapy. Results from the multi-state model showed shorter BCSS for CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers versus non-carriers also after accounting for CBC occurrence [HR (95% CI): 1.30 (1.09-1.56)]. CONCLUSION: Systemic therapy was associated with reduced CBC risk irrespective of CHEK2 c.1100delC status. Moreover, CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers had shorter BCSS, which appears not to be fully explained by their CBC risk.
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- 2023
37. Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Copper availability as a potential therapeutic target in progressive supranuclear palsy: Insight from other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Billings, JL, Hilton, JBW, Liddell, JR, Hare, DJ, Crouch, PJ, Billings, JL, Hilton, JBW, Liddell, JR, Hare, DJ, and Crouch, PJ
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Since the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) over two centuries ago, the recognition of rare types of atypical parkinsonism has introduced a spectrum of related PD-like diseases. Among these is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a neurodegenerative condition that clinically differentiates through the presence of additional symptoms uncommon in PD. As with PD, the initial symptoms of PSP generally present in the sixth decade of life when the underpinning neurodegeneration is already significantly advanced. The causal trigger of neuronal cell loss in PSP is unknown and treatment options are consequently limited. However, converging lines of evidence from the distinct neurodegenerative conditions of PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are beginning to provide insights into potential commonalities in PSP pathology and opportunity for novel therapeutic intervention. These include accumulation of the high abundance cuproenzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in an aberrant copper-deficient state, associated evidence for altered availability of the essential micronutrient copper, and evidence for neuroprotection using compounds that can deliver available copper to the central nervous system. Herein, we discuss the existing evidence for SOD1 pathology and copper imbalance in PSP and speculate that treatments able to provide neuroprotection through manipulation of copper availability could be applicable to the treatment of PSP.
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- 2023
38. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: clinical presentations and management challenges in the Australian context
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Swarup, O, Barker, JL, Watson, R, Davis, SM, Campbell, BCV, Yassi, N, Swarup, O, Barker, JL, Watson, R, Davis, SM, Campbell, BCV, and Yassi, N
- Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease with several clinical manifestations. It is characterised by amyloid-beta deposition in cerebral blood vessels, making them prone to bleeding. The incidence of CAA increases with age and may be associated or co-exist with intraparenchymal neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which makes it an increasingly relevant condition for adult physicians in all areas of medical practice. The vast majority of cases of CAA are sporadic with a small minority of familial cases. CAA is asymptomatic in many older adults but increases the risk of fatal intracerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage. We review the existing literature on CAA and summarise the key findings. We specifically explore clinical challenges relevant to CAA, particularly in diagnosis, management of intracranial haemorrhage and management of concurrent medical conditions.
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- 2023
39. Variability of the response to immunotherapy among subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis
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Diouf, I, Malpas, CB, Sharmin, S, Roos, I, Horakova, D, Havrdova, EK, Patti, F, Shaygannejad, V, Ozakbas, S, Izquierdo, G, Eichau, S, Onofrj, M, Lugaresi, A, Alroughani, R, Prat, A, Girard, M, Duquette, P, Terzi, M, Boz, C, Grand'Maison, F, Hamdy, S, Sola, P, Ferraro, D, Grammond, P, Turkoglu, R, Buzzard, K, Skibina, O, Yamout, B, Altintas, A, Gerlach, O, van Pesch, V, Blanco, Y, Maimone, D, Lechner-Scott, J, Bergamaschi, R, Karabudak, R, Iuliano, G, McGuigan, C, Cartechini, E, Barnett, M, Hughes, S, Sa, MJ, Solaro, C, Kappos, L, Ramo-Tello, C, Cristiano, E, Hodgkinson, S, Spitaleri, D, Soysal, A, Petersen, T, Slee, M, Butler, E, Granella, F, de Gans, K, McCombe, P, Ampapa, R, Van Wijmeersch, B, van der Walt, A, Butzkueven, H, Prevost, J, Sinnige, LGF, Sanchez-Menoyo, JL, Vucic, S, Laureys, G, Van Hijfte, L, Khurana, D, Macdonell, R, Gouider, R, Castillo-Trivino, T, Gray, O, Aguera-Morales, E, Al-Asmi, A, Shaw, C, Deri, N, Al-Harbi, T, Fragoso, Y, Csepany, T, Sempere, AP, Trevino-Frenk, I, Schepel, J, Moore, F, Kalincik, T, Diouf, I, Malpas, CB, Sharmin, S, Roos, I, Horakova, D, Havrdova, EK, Patti, F, Shaygannejad, V, Ozakbas, S, Izquierdo, G, Eichau, S, Onofrj, M, Lugaresi, A, Alroughani, R, Prat, A, Girard, M, Duquette, P, Terzi, M, Boz, C, Grand'Maison, F, Hamdy, S, Sola, P, Ferraro, D, Grammond, P, Turkoglu, R, Buzzard, K, Skibina, O, Yamout, B, Altintas, A, Gerlach, O, van Pesch, V, Blanco, Y, Maimone, D, Lechner-Scott, J, Bergamaschi, R, Karabudak, R, Iuliano, G, McGuigan, C, Cartechini, E, Barnett, M, Hughes, S, Sa, MJ, Solaro, C, Kappos, L, Ramo-Tello, C, Cristiano, E, Hodgkinson, S, Spitaleri, D, Soysal, A, Petersen, T, Slee, M, Butler, E, Granella, F, de Gans, K, McCombe, P, Ampapa, R, Van Wijmeersch, B, van der Walt, A, Butzkueven, H, Prevost, J, Sinnige, LGF, Sanchez-Menoyo, JL, Vucic, S, Laureys, G, Van Hijfte, L, Khurana, D, Macdonell, R, Gouider, R, Castillo-Trivino, T, Gray, O, Aguera-Morales, E, Al-Asmi, A, Shaw, C, Deri, N, Al-Harbi, T, Fragoso, Y, Csepany, T, Sempere, AP, Trevino-Frenk, I, Schepel, J, Moore, F, and Kalincik, T
- Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study assessed the effect of patient characteristics on the response to disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: We extracted data from 61,810 patients from 135 centers across 35 countries from the MSBase registry. The selection criteria were: clinically isolated syndrome or definite MS, follow-up ≥ 1 year, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥ 3, with ≥1 score recorded per year. Marginal structural models with interaction terms were used to compare the hazards of 12-month confirmed worsening and improvement of disability, and the incidence of relapses between treated and untreated patients stratified by their characteristics. RESULTS: Among 24,344 patients with relapsing MS, those on DMTs experienced 48% reduction in relapse incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45-0.60), 46% lower risk of disability worsening (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.41-0.71), and 32% greater chance of disability improvement (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59). The effect of DMTs on EDSS worsening and improvement and the risk of relapses was attenuated with more severe disability. The magnitude of the effect of DMT on suppressing relapses declined with higher prior relapse rate and prior cerebral magnetic resonance imaging activity. We did not find any evidence for the effect of age on the effectiveness of DMT. After inclusion of 1985 participants with progressive MS, the effect of DMT on disability mostly depended on MS phenotype, whereas its effect on relapses was driven mainly by prior relapse activity. CONCLUSIONS: DMT is generally most effective among patients with lower disability and in relapsing MS phenotypes. There is no evidence of attenuation of the effect of DMT with age.
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- 2023
40. Bayesian modelling of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child cognition based on data from multiple cohorts
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Dang, K-D, Ryan, LM, Hocagil, TA, Cook, RJ, Richardson, GA, Day, NL, Coles, CD, Olson, HC, Jacobson, SW, Jacobson, JL, Dang, K-D, Ryan, LM, Hocagil, TA, Cook, RJ, Richardson, GA, Day, NL, Coles, CD, Olson, HC, Jacobson, SW, and Jacobson, JL
- Abstract
High levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) result in significant cognitive deficits in children, but the exact nature of the dose-response relationship is less well understood. To investigate this relationship, data were assembled from six longitudinal birth cohort studies examining the effects of PAE on cognitive outcomes from early school age through adolescence. Structural equation models (SEMs) are a natural approach to consider, because of the way they conceptualise multiple observed outcomes as relating to an underlying latent variable of interest, which can then be modelled as a function of exposure and other predictors of interest. However, conventional SEMs could not be fitted in this context because slightly different outcome measures were used in the six studies. In this paper we propose a multi-group Bayesian SEM that maps the unobserved cognition variable to a broad range of observed outcomes. The relation between these variables and PAE is then examined while controlling for potential confounders via propensity score adjustment. By examining different possible dose-response functions, the proposed framework is used to investigate whether there is a threshold PAE level that results in minimal cognitive deficit.
- Published
- 2023
41. Sex differences in lifetime prevalence of low back pain: A multinational study of opposite-sex twin pairs
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Calais-Ferreira, L, Pozzobon, D, Pinheiro, MB, Blyth, FM, Ordonana, JR, Duncan, GE, Hopper, JL, Ferreira, PH, Ferreira, ML, Calais-Ferreira, L, Pozzobon, D, Pinheiro, MB, Blyth, FM, Ordonana, JR, Duncan, GE, Hopper, JL, Ferreira, PH, and Ferreira, ML
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is more likely to occur in people with a family history of this condition, highlighting the importance of accounting for familial factors when studying the individual risk of LBP. We conducted a study of opposite-sex twin pairs investigating sex differences in LBP while accounting for (genetic and shared environmental) familial factors. METHODS: We applied a matched co-twin control design to study 795 adult opposite-sex pairs from Australia, Spain, and the United States (US). We used mixed-effects logistic regression to assess the within-pair association between female sex and lifetime prevalence of LBP in unadjusted and adjusted models for body-mass-index, and depression, as well as interactions between female sex and age (
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- 2023
42. A Likelihood Ratio Approach for Utilizing Case-Control Data in the Clinical Classification of Rare Sequence Variants: Application to BRCA1 and BRCA2
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Cutting, G, Zanti, M, O'Mahony, DG, Parsons, MT, Li, H, Dennis, J, Aittomakkiki, K, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Aronson, KJ, Augustinsson, A, Becher, H, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brenner, H, Brown, MA, Buys, SS, Canzian, F, Caputo, SM, Castelao, JE, Chang-Claude, J, Czene, K, Daly, MB, De Nicolo, A, Devilee, P, Dork, T, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Engel, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Garcia-Closas, M, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gentry-Maharaj, A, Geurts-Giele, WRR, Giles, GG, Glendon, G, Goldberg, MS, Garcia, EBG, Guendert, M, Guenel, P, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Harkness, EF, Hogervorst, FBL, Hollestelle, A, Hoppe, R, Hopper, JL, Houdayer, C, Houlston, RS, Howell, A, Investigators, A, Jakimovska, M, Jakubowska, A, Jernstrom, H, John, EM, Kaaks, R, Kitahara, CM, Koutros, S, Kraft, P, Kristensen, VN, Lacey, J, Lambrechts, D, Leone, M, Lindblom, A, Lush, M, Mannermaa, A, Manoochehri, M, Manoukian, S, Margolin, S, Martinez, ME, Menon, U, Milne, RL, Monteiro, AN, Murphy, RA, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newman, WG, Offit, K, Park, SK, James, P, Peterlongo, P, Peto, J, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Punie, K, Radice, P, Rashid, MU, Rennert, G, Romero, A, Rosenberg, EH, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Schmidt, MK, Schmutzler, RK, Shu, X-O, Simard, J, Southey, MC, Stone, J, Stoppa-Lyonnet, D, Tamimi, RM, Tapper, WJ, Taylor, JA, Teo, SH, Teras, LR, Terry, MB, Thomassen, M, Troester, MA, Vachon, CM, Vega, A, Vreeswijk, MPG, Wang, Q, Wappenschmidt, B, Weinberg, CR, Wolk, A, Zheng, W, Feng, B, Couch, FJ, Spurdle, AB, Easton, DF, Goldgar, DE, Michailidou, K, Cutting, G, Zanti, M, O'Mahony, DG, Parsons, MT, Li, H, Dennis, J, Aittomakkiki, K, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Aronson, KJ, Augustinsson, A, Becher, H, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brenner, H, Brown, MA, Buys, SS, Canzian, F, Caputo, SM, Castelao, JE, Chang-Claude, J, Czene, K, Daly, MB, De Nicolo, A, Devilee, P, Dork, T, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Engel, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Garcia-Closas, M, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gentry-Maharaj, A, Geurts-Giele, WRR, Giles, GG, Glendon, G, Goldberg, MS, Garcia, EBG, Guendert, M, Guenel, P, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Harkness, EF, Hogervorst, FBL, Hollestelle, A, Hoppe, R, Hopper, JL, Houdayer, C, Houlston, RS, Howell, A, Investigators, A, Jakimovska, M, Jakubowska, A, Jernstrom, H, John, EM, Kaaks, R, Kitahara, CM, Koutros, S, Kraft, P, Kristensen, VN, Lacey, J, Lambrechts, D, Leone, M, Lindblom, A, Lush, M, Mannermaa, A, Manoochehri, M, Manoukian, S, Margolin, S, Martinez, ME, Menon, U, Milne, RL, Monteiro, AN, Murphy, RA, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newman, WG, Offit, K, Park, SK, James, P, Peterlongo, P, Peto, J, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Punie, K, Radice, P, Rashid, MU, Rennert, G, Romero, A, Rosenberg, EH, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Schmidt, MK, Schmutzler, RK, Shu, X-O, Simard, J, Southey, MC, Stone, J, Stoppa-Lyonnet, D, Tamimi, RM, Tapper, WJ, Taylor, JA, Teo, SH, Teras, LR, Terry, MB, Thomassen, M, Troester, MA, Vachon, CM, Vega, A, Vreeswijk, MPG, Wang, Q, Wappenschmidt, B, Weinberg, CR, Wolk, A, Zheng, W, Feng, B, Couch, FJ, Spurdle, AB, Easton, DF, Goldgar, DE, and Michailidou, K
- Abstract
A large number of variants identified through clinical genetic testing in disease susceptibility genes, are of uncertain significance (VUS). Following the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the frequency in case-control datasets (PS4 criterion), can inform their interpretation. We present a novel case-control likelihood ratio-based method that incorporates gene-specific age-related penetrance. We demonstrate the utility of this method in the analysis of simulated and real datasets. In the analyses of simulated data, the likelihood ratio method was more powerful compared to other methods. Likelihood ratios were calculated for a case-control dataset of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and compared with logistic regression results. A larger number of variants reached evidence in favor of pathogenicity, and a substantial number of variants had evidence against pathogenicity - findings that would not have been reached using other case-control analysis methods. Our novel method provides greater power to classify rare variants compared to classical case-control methods. As an initiative from the ENIGMA Analytical Working Group, we provide user-friendly scripts and pre-formatted excel calculators for implementation of the method for rare variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other high-risk genes with known penetrance.
- Published
- 2023
43. No evidence that the widespread environmental contaminant caffeine alters energy balance or stress responses in fish
- Author
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Tan, H, Brand, JA, Clarke, BO, Manera, JL, Martin, JM, Wong, BBM, Alton, LA, Tan, H, Brand, JA, Clarke, BO, Manera, JL, Martin, JM, Wong, BBM, and Alton, LA
- Abstract
Anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution are ever‐increasing as urban areas expand and more chemical compounds are used in daily life. The stimulant caffeine is one of the most consumed chemical compounds worldwide, and as a result, has been detected as an environmental contaminant in all types of major water sources on all continents. Exposure of wildlife to environmental pollutants can disrupt the energy balance of these organisms, as restoration of homeostasis is prioritised. In turn, energy allocated to other key biological processes such as growth or reproduction may be affected, consequently reducing the overall fitness of an individual. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if long‐term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine had any energetic consequences on wildlife. Specifically, we exposed wild eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to one of three nominal concentrations of caffeine (0, 100 and 10,000 ng/L) and assayed individuals for metabolic rate, general activity, antipredator and foraging behaviour and body size as measures of energy expenditure or energy intake. We found no differences in any measured traits between any of the given exposure treatments, indicating that exposure to caffeine at current environmental levels may not adversely affect the energy balance and fitness of vulnerable freshwater fish.
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- 2023
44. COPD-related incidence, mortality, and disability: An illustrative summary of the GBD study (1990-2019)
- Author
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Perret, JL, Dharmage, SC, Perret, JL, and Dharmage, SC
- Abstract
See related article
- Published
- 2023
45. Identification of herbarium specimen sheet components from high-resolution images using deep learning
- Author
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Thompson, KM, Turnbull, R, Fitzgerald, E, Birch, JL, Thompson, KM, Turnbull, R, Fitzgerald, E, and Birch, JL
- Abstract
Advanced computer vision techniques hold the potential to mobilise vast quantities of biodiversity data by facilitating the rapid extraction of text- and trait-based data from herbarium specimen digital images, and to increase the efficiency and accuracy of downstream data capture during digitisation. This investigation developed an object detection model using YOLOv5 and digitised collection images from the University of Melbourne Herbarium (MELU). The MELU-trained 'sheet-component' model-trained on 3371 annotated images, validated on 1000 annotated images, run using 'large' model type, at 640 pixels, for 200 epochs-successfully identified most of the 11 component types of the digital specimen images, with an overall model precision measure of 0.983, recall of 0.969 and moving average precision (mAP0.5-0.95) of 0.847. Specifically, 'institutional' and 'annotation' labels were predicted with mAP0.5-0.95 of 0.970 and 0.878 respectively. It was found that annotating at least 2000 images was required to train an adequate model, likely due to the heterogeneity of specimen sheets. The full model was then applied to selected specimens from nine global herbaria (Biodiversity Data Journal, 7, 2019), quantifying its generalisability: for example, the 'institutional label' was identified with mAP0.5-0.95 of between 0.68 and 0.89 across the various herbaria. Further detailed study demonstrated that starting with the MELU-model weights and retraining for as few as 50 epochs on 30 additional annotated images was sufficient to enable the prediction of a previously unseen component. As many herbaria are resource-constrained, the MELU-trained 'sheet-component' model weights are made available and application encouraged.
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- 2023
46. Multidisciplinary team discussion: the emerging gold standard for management of cardiopulmonary complications of connective tissue disease
- Author
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Fairley, JL, Ross, L, Burns, A, Prior, D, Conron, M, Rouse, H, McDonald, J, MacIsaac, A, La Gerche, A, Morrisroe, K, Ferdowsi, N, Quinlivan, A, Brown, Z, Stevens, W, Nikpour, M, Fairley, JL, Ross, L, Burns, A, Prior, D, Conron, M, Rouse, H, McDonald, J, MacIsaac, A, La Gerche, A, Morrisroe, K, Ferdowsi, N, Quinlivan, A, Brown, Z, Stevens, W, and Nikpour, M
- Abstract
Cardiopulmonary complications of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), are major determinants of morbidity and mortality. Multidisciplinary meetings may improve diagnostic accuracy and optimise treatment. We review the literature regarding multidisciplinary meetings in CTD-ILD and PAH and describe our tertiary centre experience of the role of the multidisciplinary meeting in managing CTD-PAH.
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- 2023
47. Epidemiology of eczema in South-Eastern Australia
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Zeleke, BM, Lowe, AJ, Dharmage, SC, Lopez, DJ, Koplin, JJ, Peters, RL, Soriano, VX, Tang, MLK, Walters, EH, Varigos, GA, Lodge, CJ, Perret, JL, Abramson, MJ, Zeleke, BM, Lowe, AJ, Dharmage, SC, Lopez, DJ, Koplin, JJ, Peters, RL, Soriano, VX, Tang, MLK, Walters, EH, Varigos, GA, Lodge, CJ, Perret, JL, and Abramson, MJ
- Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Eczema is a common chronic debilitating skin condition in childhood. Data on the epidemiology and natural history of eczema across the life course are lacking. This analysis aimed to describe these epidemiological features in Australian children and adults. METHODS: Data collected on eczema from four Australian cohort studies were analysed: namely HealthNuts, Melbourne Atopic Cohort Study (MACS), Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) and the Australian arm of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). RESULTS: Among children aged under 6 years, 28.8%-35.6% have ever-had eczema, and 16.7%-26.6% had 'current eczema'. Among those aged 6-12 years, 14.6%-24.7% had 'current eczema' with 12.0%-18.5% of those at ages of 6 and 10 years classified as having moderate-to-severe eczema according to the Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. In adults, the prevalence of 'eczema ever' ranged between 13.8% and 48.4%. The 12-month period prevalence of eczema was 15.1% at age 18, while current eczema was 8.5% at an average age of 51, and 8.8% at an average age 53 years. Eczema was more common among young boys, but this difference became non-significant for older children and early adolescents. In contrast, eczema was more common for adult women than men. CONCLUSIONS: Eczema is common both in children and adults. The proportion of severe eczema in children was substantial.
- Published
- 2023
48. Development and Validation of Multiple Linear Regression Models for Predicting Chronic Zinc Toxicity to Freshwater Microalgae.
- Author
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Price, GAV, Stauber, JL, Jolley, DF, Koppel, DJ, Van Genderen, EJ, Ryan, AC, Holland, A, Price, GAV, Stauber, JL, Jolley, DF, Koppel, DJ, Van Genderen, EJ, Ryan, AC, and Holland, A
- Abstract
Multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for predicting chronic zinc toxicity to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp., using three toxicity-modifying factors (TMFs): pH, hardness, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The interactive effects between pH and hardness and between pH and DOC were also included. Models were developed at three different effect concentration (EC) levels: EC10, EC20, and EC50. Models were independently validated using six different zinc-spiked Australian natural waters with a range of water chemistries. Stepwise regression found hardness to be an influential TMF in model scenarios and was retained in all final models, while pH, DOC, and interactive terms had variable influence and were only retained in some models. Autovalidation and residual analysis of all models indicated that models generally predicted toxicity and that there was little bias based on individual TMFs. The MLR models, at all effect levels, performed poorly when predicting toxicity in the zinc-spiked natural waters during independent validation, with models consistently overpredicting toxicity. This overprediction may be from another unaccounted for TMF that may be present across all natural waters. Alternatively, this consistent overprediction questions the underlying assumption that models developed from synthetic laboratory test waters can be directly applied to natural water samples. Further research into the suitability of applying synthetic laboratory water-based models to a greater range of natural waters is needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2630-2641. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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- 2023
49. Lessons, narratives, and research directions for a sustainable circular economy
- Author
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Leipold, S, Petit-Boix, A, Luo, A, Helander, H, Simoens, M, Ashton, WS, Babbitt, CW, Bala, A, Bening, CR, Birkved, M, Blomsma, F, Boks, C, Boldrin, A, Deutz, P, Domenech, T, Ferronato, N, Gallego-Schmid, A, Giurco, D, Hobson, K, Husgafvel, R, Isenhour, C, Kriipsalu, M, Masi, D, Mendoza, JMF, Milios, L, Niero, M, Pant, D, Parajuly, K, Pauliuk, S, Pieroni, MPP, Richter, JL, Saidani, M, Smol, M, Peiró, LT, van Ewijk, S, Vermeulen, WJV, Wiedenhofer, D, Xue, B, Leipold, S, Petit-Boix, A, Luo, A, Helander, H, Simoens, M, Ashton, WS, Babbitt, CW, Bala, A, Bening, CR, Birkved, M, Blomsma, F, Boks, C, Boldrin, A, Deutz, P, Domenech, T, Ferronato, N, Gallego-Schmid, A, Giurco, D, Hobson, K, Husgafvel, R, Isenhour, C, Kriipsalu, M, Masi, D, Mendoza, JMF, Milios, L, Niero, M, Pant, D, Parajuly, K, Pauliuk, S, Pieroni, MPP, Richter, JL, Saidani, M, Smol, M, Peiró, LT, van Ewijk, S, Vermeulen, WJV, Wiedenhofer, D, and Xue, B
- Abstract
The current enthusiasm for the circular economy (CE) offers a unique opportunity to advance the impact of research on sustainability transitions. Diverse interpretations of CE by scholars, however, produce partly opposing assessments of its potential benefits, which can hinder progress. Here, we synthesize policy-relevant lessons and research directions for a sustainable CE and identify three narratives—optimist, reformist, and skeptical—that underpin the ambiguity in CE assessments. Based on 54 key CE scholars’ insights, we identify three research needs: the articulation and discussion of ontologically distinct CE narratives; bridging of technical, managerial, socio-economic, environmental, and political CE perspectives; and critical assessment of opportunities and limits of CE science–policy interactions. Our findings offer practical guidance for scholars to engage reflexively with the rapid expansion of CE knowledge, identify and pursue high-impact research directions, and communicate more effectively with practitioners and policymakers.
- Published
- 2023
50. Bayesian modelling of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child cognition based on data from multiple cohorts
- Author
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Dang, KD, Ryan, LM, Akkaya Hocagil, T, Cook, RJ, Richardson, GA, Day, NL, Coles, CD, Carmichael Olson, H, Jacobson, SW, Jacobson, JL, Dang, KD, Ryan, LM, Akkaya Hocagil, T, Cook, RJ, Richardson, GA, Day, NL, Coles, CD, Carmichael Olson, H, Jacobson, SW, and Jacobson, JL
- Abstract
High levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) result in significant cognitive deficits in children, but the exact nature of the dose-response relationship is less well understood. To investigate this relationship, data were assembled from six longitudinal birth cohort studies examining the effects of PAE on cognitive outcomes from early school age through adolescence. Structural equation models (SEMs) are a natural approach to consider, because of the way they conceptualise multiple observed outcomes as relating to an underlying latent variable of interest, which can then be modelled as a function of exposure and other predictors of interest. However, conventional SEMs could not be fitted in this context because slightly different outcome measures were used in the six studies. In this paper we propose a multi-group Bayesian SEM that maps the unobserved cognition variable to a broad range of observed outcomes. The relation between these variables and PAE is then examined while controlling for potential confounders via propensity score adjustment. By examining different possible dose-response functions, the proposed framework is used to investigate whether there is a threshold PAE level that results in minimal cognitive deficit.
- Published
- 2023
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