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1. Good vibrations: remote‐tactile foraging success of wading birds is positively affected by the water content of substrates they forage in

Author

Carla J. du Toit, Anusuya Chinsamy, and Susan J. Cunningham

Subjects
behavioural experiments, foraging behaviour, habitat selection and range expansion, sensory ecology, tactile foraging, Threskiornithidae, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Some taxa of wading birds can locate buried prey by detecting vibratory cues in their foraging substrates while probe‐foraging, using a sensory modality called ‘remote‐touch'. As more saturated substrates transmit vibrations better, we predict that these birds can detect prey in wetter substrates more easily. We used sensory assays to test whether substrate water content affects the remote‐touch foraging success rate of Hadeda ibises, Bostrychia hagedash. The birds were more successful at locating prey using vibratory cues than when relying on random direct contact with the beak alone. Their remote‐touch foraging success rate was positively affected by increasing water contents of the soil, but water content had no effect on their direct contact foraging success (indicating this is not an artefact of ease of probing). This may partially explain the link between the range expansion of this species in southern Africa and increased soil irrigation, as it is easier for the birds to detect prey in wetter substrates. Thus, it is likely that the distribution of other remote‐touch foraging birds is affected by substrate water content, and as many of these species are endangered and rely on sensitive wetland habitats, it is vital to understand their sensory requirements for foraging.

Published
2024
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2. Risk assessment behaviour when eating out in adults with food hypersensitivity

Author

Rebecca C. Knibb, Lily Hawkins, Cassandra Screti, M. Hazel Gowland, Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna, George du Toit, and Christina J. Jones

Subjects
adults, coeliac disease, eating out, food allergy, food intolerance, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background Food hypersensitivity (FHS) management requires daily risk assessments of all food and drinks consumed to prevent unpleasant and potentially fatal adverse reactions. Most research has focussed on food allergy in children and families. Little is known about the impact on adults or those with other FHS, such as food intolerance or coeliac disease. This study assessed differences in practices and risk assessment behaviours when eating out for adults with FHS. Methods Adult UK residents (N = 930; 820 females, 90 males; 95% White; mean age 50 years [±16.6SD]), with food allergy (18%), food intolerance (23%) coeliac disease (44%) or multiple FHS (15%) completed an online survey. Results Adults checked information to identify foods causing a reaction always or most of the time when eating out. However, adults with food intolerance reported checking significantly less often than adults with other FHS (all ps

Published
2024
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3. Survey and Evaluation of Hypertension Machine Learning Research

Author

Clea du Toit, Tran Quoc Bao Tran, Neha Deo, Sachin Aryal, Stefanie Lip, Robert Sykes, Ishan Manandhar, Aristeidis Sionakidis, Leah Stevenson, Harsha Pattnaik, Safaa Alsanosi, Maria Kassi, Ngoc Le, Maggie Rostron, Sarah Nichol, Alisha Aman, Faisal Nawaz, Dhruven Mehta, Ramakumar Tummala, Linsay McCallum, Sandeep Reddy, Shyam Visweswaran, Rahul Kashyap, Bina Joe, and Sandosh Padmanabhan

Subjects
artificial intelligence, hypertension, machine learning, reporting quality, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Machine learning (ML) is pervasive in all fields of research, from automating tasks to complex decision‐making. However, applications in different specialities are variable and generally limited. Like other conditions, the number of studies employing ML in hypertension research is growing rapidly. In this study, we aimed to survey hypertension research using ML, evaluate the reporting quality, and identify barriers to ML's potential to transform hypertension care. Methods and Results The Harmonious Understanding of Machine Learning Analytics Network survey questionnaire was applied to 63 hypertension‐related ML research articles published between January 2019 and September 2021. The most common research topics were blood pressure prediction (38%), hypertension (22%), cardiovascular outcomes (6%), blood pressure variability (5%), treatment response (5%), and real‐time blood pressure estimation (5%). The reporting quality of the articles was variable. Only 46% of articles described the study population or derivation cohort. Most articles (81%) reported at least 1 performance measure, but only 40% presented any measures of calibration. Compliance with ethics, patient privacy, and data security regulations were mentioned in 30 (48%) of the articles. Only 14% used geographically or temporally distinct validation data sets. Algorithmic bias was not addressed in any of the articles, with only 6 of them acknowledging risk of bias. Conclusions Recent ML research on hypertension is limited to exploratory research and has significant shortcomings in reporting quality, model validation, and algorithmic bias. Our analysis identifies areas for improvement that will help pave the way for the realization of the potential of ML in hypertension and facilitate its adoption.

Published
2023
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8. The implementation of wideband 90° hybrids on non‐optimal substrates

Author

Johan B. du Toit, Johan Joubert, and Johann W. Odendaal

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Abstract A new technique to implement wideband 90° hybrid coupling profiles on non‐optimal substrate configurations is presented. The technique uses an impedance taper over the whole length of the hybrid to remove the restriction of a substrate defined maximum coupling coefficient at crossover, thus resulting in much more flexibility for the implementation of hybrids on integrated printed circuit boards. The choice of board thicknesses and material type no longer needs to be dominated by the hybrid, but can be optimized for other components or priorities. The flexibility provided by the technique is shown in the implementation of a 2–18 GHz hybrid on a large range of substrate thicknesses as well as on a non‐optimal substrate material, for which acceptable measured performance is still obtained.

Published
2022
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13. Forage senescence and disease influence elk pregnancy across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Author

Bidder, Owen R., primary, Connor, Thomas, additional, Morales, Juan M., additional, Rickbeil, Gregory J. M., additional, Merkle, Jerod A., additional, Fuda, Rebecca K., additional, Rogerson, Jared D., additional, Scurlock, Brandon M., additional, Edwards, William H., additional, Cole, Eric K., additional, McWhirter, Douglas E., additional, Courtemanch, Alyson B., additional, Dewey, Sarah, additional, Kauffman, Matthew J., additional, MacNulty, Daniel R., additional, du Toit, Johan T., additional, Stahler, Daniel R., additional, and Middleton, Arthur D., additional

Published
2023
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14. Epinephrine delivery via EpiPen® Auto-Injector or manual syringe across participants with a wide range of skin-to-muscle distances

Author

Margitta Worm, DucTung Nguyen, Russ Rackley, Antonella Muraro, George Du Toit, Tracey Lawrence, Hong Li, Kurt Brumbaugh, and Magnus Wickman

Subjects
Epinephrine, Adrenaline, Auto-injectors, Obesity, Body mass index, Intramuscular injections, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background Intramuscular (IM) injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) at the mid-anterolateral (AL) thigh is the international standard therapy for acute anaphylaxis. Concerns exist regarding implications of epinephrine auto-injector needles not penetrating the muscle in patients with greater skin-to-muscle-distances (STMD). Methods This open-label, randomized, crossover study investigated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following injection of epinephrine in healthy volunteers. Individuals were stratified by maximally compressed STMD (low, 20 mm). Participants received epinephrine injections via EpiPen® Auto-Injector (EpiPen; 0.3 mg/0.3 mL) or IM syringe (0.3 mg/0.3 mL) at mid-AL thigh or received saline by IM syringe in a randomized order. Eligible participants received a fourth treatment (EpiPen [0.3 mg/0.3 mL] at distal-AL thigh). Model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamics were assessed. Results There were numerical trends toward higher peak epinephrine concentrations (0.52 vs 0.35 ng/mL; geometric mean ratio, 1.40; 90% CI 117.6–164.6%) and more rapid exposure (time to peak concentration, 20 vs 50 min) for EpiPen vs IM syringe at mid-AL thigh across STMD groups. Absorption was faster over the first 30 min for EpiPen vs IM syringe (partial area under curve [AUC] over first 30 min: geometric mean ratio, 2.13; 90% CI 159.0–285.0%). Overall exposure based on AUC to the last measurable concentration was similar for EpiPen vs IM syringe (geometric mean ratio, 1.13; 90% CI 98.8–129.8%). Epinephrine pharmacokinetics after EpiPen injection were similar across STMD groups. Treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions Epinephrine delivery via EpiPen resulted in greater early systemic exposure to epinephrine vs IM syringe as assessed by epinephrine plasma levels. Delivery via EpiPen was consistent across participants with a wide range of STMD, even when the needle may not have penetrated the muscle. Trial registrationsThis trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00011263; secondary ID, EudraCT 2016-000104-29) on 23 March 2017.

Published
2020
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15. An anchored chromosome‐scale genome assembly of spinach improves annotation and reveals extensive gene rearrangements in euasterids

Author

Amanda M Hulse‐Kemp, Hamed Bostan, Shiyu Chen, Hamid Ashrafi, Kevin Stoffel, Walter Sanseverino, Linzhou Li, Shifeng Cheng, Michael C. Schatz, Tyler Garvin, Lindsey J. du Toit, Elizabeth Tseng, Jason Chin, Massimo Iorizzo, and Allen Van Deynze

Subjects
Plant culture, SB1-1110, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a member of the Caryophyllales family, a basal eudicot asterid that consists of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), and amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.). With the introduction of baby leaf types, spinach has become a staple food in many homes. Production issues focus on yield, nitrogen‐use efficiency and resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora effusa). Although genomes are available for the above species, a chromosome‐level assembly exists only for quinoa, allowing for proper annotation and structural analyses to enhance crop improvement. We independently assembled and annotated genomes of the cultivar Viroflay using short‐read strategy (Illumina) and long‐read strategies (Pacific Biosciences) to develop a chromosome‐level, genetically anchored assembly for spinach. Scaffold N50 for the Illumina assembly was 389 kb, whereas that for Pacific BioSciences was 4.43 Mb, representing 911 Mb (93% of the genome) in 221 scaffolds, 80% of which are anchored and oriented on a sequence‐based genetic map, also described within this work. The two assemblies were 99.5% collinear. Independent annotation of the two assemblies with the same comprehensive transcriptome dataset show that the quality of the assembly directly affects the annotation with significantly more genes predicted (26,862 vs. 34,877) in the long‐read assembly. Analysis of resistance genes confirms a bias in resistant gene motifs more typical of monocots. Evolutionary analysis indicates that Spinacia is a paleohexaploid with a whole‐genome triplication followed by extensive gene rearrangements identified in this work. Diversity analysis of 75 lines indicate that variation in genes is ample for hypothesis‐driven, genomic‐assisted breeding enabled by this work.

Published
2021
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16. Systematic review and meta‐analyses on the accuracy of diagnostic tests for IgE‐mediated food allergy

Author

Riggioni, Carmen, primary, Ricci, Cristian, additional, Moya, Beatriz, additional, Wong, Dominic, additional, van Goor, Evi, additional, Bartha, Irene, additional, Buyuktiryaki, Betul, additional, Giovannini, Mattia, additional, Jayasinghe, Sashini, additional, Jaumdally, Hannah, additional, Marques‐Mejias, Andreina, additional, Piletta‐Zanin, Alexandre, additional, Berbenyuk, Anna, additional, Andreeva, Margarita, additional, Levina, Daria, additional, Iakovleva, Ekaterina, additional, Roberts, Graham, additional, Chu, Derek, additional, Peters, Rachel, additional, du Toit, George, additional, Skypala, Isabel, additional, and Santos, Alexandra F., additional

Published
2023
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18. EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy

Author

Santos, Alexandra F., primary, Riggioni, Carmen, additional, Agache, Ioana, additional, Akdis, Cezmi A., additional, Akdis, Mubeccel, additional, Alvarez‐Perea, Alberto, additional, Alvaro‐Lozano, Montserrat, additional, Ballmer‐Weber, Barbara, additional, Barni, Simona, additional, Beyer, Kirsten, additional, Bindslev‐Jensen, Carsten, additional, Brough, Helen A., additional, Buyuktiryaki, Betul, additional, Chu, Derek, additional, Del Giacco, Stefano, additional, Dunn‐Galvin, Audrey, additional, Eberlein, Bernadette, additional, Ebisawa, Motohiro, additional, Eigenmann, Philippe, additional, Eiwegger, Thomas, additional, Feeney, Mary, additional, Fernandez‐Rivas, Montserrat, additional, Fisher, Helen R., additional, Fleischer, David M., additional, Giovannini, Mattia, additional, Gray, Claudia, additional, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Karin, additional, Halken, Susanne, additional, Hourihane, Jonathan O’B., additional, Jones, Christina J., additional, Jutel, Marek, additional, Knol, Edward, additional, Konstantinou, George N., additional, Lack, Gideon, additional, Lau, Susanne, additional, Marques Mejias, Andreina, additional, Marchisotto, Mary Jane, additional, Meyer, Rosan, additional, Mortz, Charlotte G., additional, Moya, Beatriz, additional, Muraro, Antonella, additional, Nilsson, Caroline, additional, Lopes de Oliveira, Lucila Camargo, additional, O’Mahony, Liam, additional, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., additional, Perrett, Kirsten, additional, Peters, Rachel L., additional, Podesta, Marcia, additional, Poulsen, Lars K., additional, Roberts, Graham, additional, Sampson, Hugh A., additional, Schwarze, Jürgen, additional, Smith, Peter, additional, Tham, Elizabeth Huiwen, additional, Untersmayr, Eva, additional, Van Ree, Ronald, additional, Venter, Carina, additional, Vickery, Brian P., additional, Vlieg‐Boerstra, Berber, additional, Werfel, Thomas, additional, Worm, Margitta, additional, Du Toit, George, additional, and Skypala, Isabel, additional

Published
2023
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19. Basophil activation test as predictor of severity and threshold of allergic reactions to egg

Author

Radulovic, Suzana, primary, Foong, Ru‐Xin, additional, Bartha, Irene, additional, Marques‐Mejias, Andreina, additional, Krawiec, Marta, additional, Kwok, Matthew, additional, Jama, Zainab, additional, Harrison, Faye, additional, Ricci, Cristian, additional, Lack, Gideon, additional, Du Toit, George, additional, and Santos, Alexandra F., additional

Published
2023
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25. Australian National Aged Care Classification behaviour assessment and people living with dementia in residential aged care: Inclusive language for reform?

Author

Jacqueline Wesson, Sanetta Henrietta Johanna du Toit, Kylie Wales, Meredith Gresham, Theresa Flavin, and Henry Brodaty

Subjects
Community and Home Care, General Medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract

To examine the language of the behaviour assessment in the new Australian National Aged Care Classification (AN-ACC) funding instrument. We explored whether the (BRUA) will support an inclusive and progressive approach for people living with dementia in residential aged care.Databases were searched to identify publicly available literature relating to the development of the AN-ACC and BRUA, and hand searches of reference lists and selected websites were completed to identify additional grey literature, dementia language and best practice guidelines. Criteria for language use were extracted and compared with the BRUA in the light of the current national aged care reform agenda, as well as research with and perspectives of people with lived experience of dementia.The language within the BRUA did not align with international dementia language guidelines, and the content presented was disrespectful to those with lived experience. The assessment appears inconsistent with international best practices and is potentially discriminatory within the aged care cohort.The BRUA is intended as a funding instrument and not as a care planning tool, yet the negative representation of the lived experience of people with dementia embedded within a mandated assessment is likely to influence industry practice by condoning unsuitable language and attitudes amongst assessors, providers and staff. For better alignment with the current positive agenda for aged care reform in Australia, we recommend continued review and updating of this tool to avoid unintended consequences.

Published
2022

26. Providing culturally appropriate residential dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage: Perspectives from Sydney‐based stakeholders

Author

Sanetta Henrietta Johanna Du Toit, Deepali Bagul, Glenda Madeline Jessup, and Margaret McGrath

Subjects
Occupational Therapy
Abstract

Global migration and an increased life expectancy led to a growing number of people with dementia from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) backgrounds living in long-term residential care settings. These minority groups' wellbeing may be negatively impacted due to poor culturally appropriate care that fails to honour valued cultural traditions. This study considered culturally appropriate dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage living in Sydney-based residential aged care facilities.The Nominal Group Technique was employed to collect data from three groups of stakeholders of Indian heritage over a period of 6 months: care staff (n = 8), family of residential care recipients (n = 8), and community-dwelling older adults (n = 7).Perspectives highlighted six concepts for consideration: (1) embracing a person-centred approach to promote culturally appropriate dementia care; (2) training staff in culturally appropriate forms of respect; (3) the impact of staff ratios on care; (4) the importance of familiarity to meaningful engagement; (5) the importance of food; and (6) the necessity of engaging family and the wider Indian community in residential care activities.Culturally appropriate dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage is an area in need of further development. To ensure that residents with an Indian heritage are respected as an ethnic minority, it remains crucial that research is generated to inform policy development on each CaLD group as a separate entity.

Published
2022

28. Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

Author

Guillaume Pouessel, Claire Claverie, Julien Labreuche, Jean-Marie Renaudin, Aimée Dorkenoo, Mireille Eb, Anne Moneret-Vautrin, Antoine Deschildre, Stephane Leteurtre, Linus Grabenhenrich, Margitta Worm, Sabine Dölle, Kathrin Scherer, Isidor Hutteger, Morten Christensen, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Charlotte Mortz, Esben Eller, Henrik Fomsgaard Kjaer, Leonor Carneiro-Leão, Jenny Badas, Alice Coimbra, Dikla Pivko Levy, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Ayelet Rimon, Shira Benor, Nicolette J. T. Arends, Nikki Edelbroek, Hans de Groot, Joyce A. M. Emons, H. Kim A. Brand, Dirk Verhoeven, Leonieke N. van Veen, Nicolette W. de Jong, Geunwoong Noh, Eun Ha Jang, Mariona Pascal, Olga Dominguez, Mònica Piquer, Montserrat Alvaro, Rosa Jimenez-Feijoo, Jaime Lozano, Adriana Machinena, Maria del Mar Folqué, Maria Teresa Giner, Ana María Plaza, Paul Turner, Nandinee Patel, Marta Vazquez-Ortiz, Sarah Lindsley, Lucy Walker, Simon Rosenberg, Adriano Mari, Claudia Alessandri, Ivana Giangrieco, Lisa Tuppo, Chiara Rafaiani, Georg Mitterer, Michela Ciancamerla, Rosetta Ferrara, Maria Livia Bernardi, Danila Zennaro, Maurizio Tamburrini, Maria Antonetta Ciardiello, Christian Harwanegg, Antonio Fernandez, Regina Selb, Philippe Egenmann, Michelle Epstein, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Frits Koning, Martinus Lovik, E. N. Clare Mills, Javier Moreno, Henk van Loveren, Jean-Michel Wal, Susanne Diesner, Cornelia Bergmayr, Barbara Pfitzner, Vera Elisabeth Assmann, Philipp Starkl, David Endesfelder, Thomas Eiwegger, Zsolt Szepfalusi, Heinz Fehrenbach, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Anton Hartmann, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Eva Untersmayr, Soren Wille, Peter Meyer, Caroline Klingebiel, Jonas Lidholm, Angelica Ehrenberg, Jonas Östling, Isabelle Cleach, Jean-Louis Mège, Joana Vitte, Roberta Aina, Pawel Dubiela, Sabine Pfeifer, Merima Bublin, Christian Radauer, Piotr Humeniuk, Stefan Kabasser, Riccardo Asero, Gador Bogas, Francisca Gomez, Paloma Campo, Maria Salas, Inmaculada Doña, Esther Barrionuevo, Maria Auxiliadora Guerrero, Cristobalina Mayorga, Ana Prieto, Domingo Barber, Maria Jose Torres, Annette Jamin, Andrea Wangorsch, Barbara Ballmer, Stefan Vieths, Stephan Scheurer, Danijela Apostolovic, Jelena Mihailovic, Maja Krstic, Maria Starkhammar, Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic, Carl Hamsten, Marianne van Hage, Francine C. van Erp, Edward F. Knol, Hannah M. Kansen, Bo Pontoppidan, Yolanda Meijer, Cornelis K. van der Ent, André C. Knulst, Rebekah Sayers, Helen Brown, Adnan Custovic, Angela Simpson, Claire Mills, Juliane Schulz, Network for Online Registration of Anaphylaxis (NORA), Jaap Akkerdaas, Muriel Totis, Annabelle Capt, Corinne Herouet-Guicheney, Ronald van Ree, Tushar Banerjee, Antima Banerjee, Mathilde Claude, Grégory Bouchaud, Roberta Lupi, Laure Castan, Olivier Tranquet, Sandra Denery-Papini, Marie Bodinier, Chantal Brossard, Rosella De Poi, Elisa Gritti, Emiliano De Dominicis, Bert Popping, Patrizia Polverino de Laureto, Kati Palosuo, Anna Kaarina Kukkonen, Anna Pelkonen, Mika Mäkelä, Nanju Alice Lee, Johanna Rost, Sridevi Muralidharan, Dianne Campbell, Sam Mehr, Catherine Nock, Joseph Baumert, Steve Taylor, Carla Mastrorilli, Salvatore Tripodi, Carlo Caffarelli, Serena Perna, Andrea Di Rienzo Businco, Ifigenia Sfika, Arianna Dondi, Annamaria Bianchi, Carlotta Povesi Dascola, Giampaolo Ricci, Francesca Cipriani, Nunzia Maiello, Michele Miraglia del Giudice, Tullio Frediani, Simone Frediani, Francesco Macrì, Chiara Pistoletti, Iride Dello Iacono, Maria Francesca Patria, Elena Varin, Diego Peroni, Pasquale Comberiati, Loredana Chini, Viviana Moschese, Sandra Lucarelli, Roberto Bernardini, Giuseppe Pingitore, Umberto Pelosi, Roberta Olcese, Matteo Moretti, Anastasia Cirisano, Diego Faggian, Alessandro Travaglini, Mario Plebani, Maria Carmen Verga, Mauro Calvani, Paolo Giordani, Paolo Maria Matricardi, Noe Ontiveros, Francisco Cabrera-Chavez, Julie Galand, Etienne Beaudouin, The Anaphylaxis Working Group of the French Allergology SocietyThe Anaphylaxis Working Group of the French Allergology Society, Florence Pineau, Shinobu Sakai, Kayoko Matsunaga, Reiko Teshima, Colette Larré, Sandra Denery, Sebastian Tschirner, Valérie Trendelenburg, Gabriele Schulz, Bodo Niggemann, Kirsten Beyer, Youcef Bouferkas, Younes Belabbas, Djamel Saidi, Omar Kheroua, Kamel Eddine El Mecherfi, Malika Guendouz, Abir Haddi, Hanane Kaddouri, Luis Amaral, Ana Pereira, Susana Rodrigues, Mareen Datema, Laurian Jongejan, Michael Clausen, Andre Knulst, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Marek Kowalski, Frédéric de Blay, Aeilko Zwinderman, Karin Hoffman-Sommergruber, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Shan Deng, Jia Yin, Charlotte Eisenmann, Maria Nassiri, Rabea Reinert, Johanna P. M. van der Valk, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Yvonne Vergouwe, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Marit Reitsma, Harry J. Wichers, Huub F. J. Savelkoul, Berber Vlieg-Boerstra, Anthony E. J. Dubois, Fabrícia Carolino, Ana Rodolfo, Josefina Cernadas, Dasha Roa-Medellín, Ana Rodriguez-Fernandez, Joaquín Navarro, Vicente Albendiz, María Luisa Baeza, Sonsoles Intente-Herrero, Andrea Mikkelsen, Kirsten Mehlig, Lauren Lissner, Linda Verrill, Stefano Luccioli, Jolanda van Bilsen, Frieke Kuper, André Wolterbeek, Tanja Rouhani Rankouhi, Lars Verschuren, Hilde Cnossen, Prescilla Jeurink, Johan Garssen, Léon Knippels, Jossie Garthoff, Geert Houben, Winfried Leeman, M. Eleonore Pettersson, Afke M. M. Schins, Gerard H. Koppelman, Boudewjin J. Kollen, Svitlana Zubchenko, Sarah Kuntz, Pablo Mérida, Montserrat Álvaro, Monica Piquer, Carmen Riggioni, Juan Heber Castellanos, Rosa Jimenez, Melanie Cap, Elodie Drumez, Stéphanie Lejeune, Caroline Thumerelle, Clémence Mordacq, Véronique Nève, Sonia Ricò, Margherita Varini, Rita Nocerino, Linda Cosenza, Antonio Amoroso, Margherita Di Costanzo, Carmen Di Scala, Giorgio Bedogni, Roberto Berni Canani, Paul J. Turner, Paloma Poza-Guedes, Ruperto González-Pérez, Inmaculada Sánchez-Machín, Victor Matheu-Delgado, Erik Wambre, Anne-Sofie Ballegaard, Charlotte Madsen, Juliane Gregersen, Katrine Lindholm Bøgh, Philippe Aubert, Michel Neunlist, Antoine Magnan, Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo, Alba Pablos-Tanarro, Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez, Elena Molina, Rosina López-Fandiño, Akila Rekima, Patricia Macchiaverni, Mathilde Turfkruyer, Sebastien Holvoet, Lénaïck Dupuis, Nour Baiz, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Annick Mercenier, Sophie Nutten, Valérie Verhasselt, Ines Mrakovcic-Sutic, Srdan Banac, Ivana Sutic, Zdenka Baricev-Novakovic, Ingrid Sutic, Valentino Pavisic, Rosa Muñoz-Cano, Teodoríkez Jiménez-Rodríguez, Daniel Corbacho, Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Joan Bartra, Aleksandar Bulog, Vladimir Micovic, Lidia Markiewicz, Agata Szymkiewicz, Anna Szyc, Barbara Wróblewska, Bryan M. Harvey, Lucien F. Harthoorn, A. Wesley Burks, Georgios Rentzos, Anna-Lena Bramstång Björk, Ulf Bengtsson, Colin Barber, Chrystyna Kalicinsky, Christine Breynaert, Lieve Coorevits, Cornelia Jansen, Erna Van Hoeyveld, Kristin Verbeke, Anne-Marie Kochuyt, Rik Schrijvers, Diana Deleanu, Adriana Muntean, Maria Konstantakopoulou, Maria Pasioti, Anastasia Papadopoulou, Anna Iliopoulou, Nikolaos Mikos, Evangelia Kompoti, Eunice Dias de Castro, Borja Bartalomé, Kok Loong Ue, Elizabeth Griffiths, Stephen Till, Kate Grimshaw, Graham Roberts, Anna Selby, Indre Butiene, Jose Ignacio Larco, Ruta Dubakiene, Ana Fiandor, Alessandro Fiocchi, Nikos Papadopoulos, Sigurveig Sigurdardottir, Aline Sprikkelman, Anne-Fleur Schoemaker, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Thomas Keil, Zizi Cojocariu, Beatriz Secades Barbado, Vasti Iancu, Esozia Arroabarren, Marta Goñi Esarte, Miren Arteaga, Mayra Coutinho Andrade, Denise Borges, Jorge Kalil, Pedro Giavina Bianchi, Rosana Camara Agondi, Rinkesh Kumar Gupta, Akanksha Sharma, Kriti Gupta, Mukul Das, Premendra Dwivedi, Rusudan Karseladze, Liana Jorjoliani, Lali Saginadze, Mariam Tskhakaia, Katia Basello, Gabriele Piuri, Attilio Francesco Speciani, Michela Carola Speciani, Carla Camerotto, Francesco Zinno, Olga Pakholchuk, Svitlana Nedelska, Stefano Pattini, Maria Teresa Costantino, Silvia Peveri, Danilo Villalta, Eleonora Savi, Andrea Costanzi, Vera A. Revyakina, Marina A. Kiseleva, Elena D. Kuvshinova, Inna A. Larkova, Anton A. Shekhetov, Diana Silva, André Moreira, José Plácido, Hanneke van der Kleij, Esther van Twuijver, Robbert Sutorius, Pieter-Jan de Kam, Jenny van Odijk, Helen Lindqvist, Elin Lustig, Amyra Ali Azamar Jácome, Karla Leversia Borjas Aguilar, Miguel García Domínguez, David Alejandro Mendoza Hernández, Cristiano Caruso, Cono Casale, Gian Lodovico Rapaccini, Antonino Romano, Italo De Vitis, Renata R. Cocco, Carolina Aranda, Marcia C. Mallozi, Jackeline F. Motta, Lilian Moraes, Antonio Pastorino, Nelson Rosario, Ekaterini Goudouris, Arnaldo Porto, Neusa F. Wandalsen, Emanuel Sarinho, Flavio Sano, Dirceu Solé, Constantinos Pitsios, Maria Petrodimopoulou, Ekaterini Papadopoulou, Maria Passioti, Meropi Kontogianni, Nino Adamia, Ekaterina Khaleva, Ana Prieto del Prado, George Du Toit, Edyta Krzych, Urszula Samolinska-Zawisza, Konrad Furmanczyk, Aneta Tomaszewska, Filip Raciborski, Agnieszka Lipiec, Piotr Samel-Kowalik, Artur Walkiewicz, Jacek Borowicz, Boleslaw Samolinski, Aimee Lou Nano, Marysia Recto, Maria Luisa Somoza, Natalia Blanca López, Diana Pérez Alzate, Francisco Javier Ruano, Maria Isabel Garcimartín, Elisa Haroun, Maria Vázquez de la Torre, Antonia Rojas, Montserrat López Onieva, Gabriela Canto, Alexandra Rodrigues, Andreia Forno, António Jorge Cabral, Rute Gonçalves, Ilya Vorozhko, Tatyana Sentsova, Olga Chernyak, Svetlana Denisova, Lidia Ilènko, Valery Muhortnich, Caroline Zimmermann, Alexander Rohrbach, Faisal R. Bakhsh, Kollen Boudewijn, Anne-Marie Oomkes-Pilon, Dorien Van Ginkle, Mira Šilar, Anja Jeverica, Tina Vesel, Tadej Avčin, Peter Korošec, Johanna van der Valk, Irene Berends, Nicolette Arends, Maurits van Maaren, Harry Wichers, Joyce Emons, Anthony Dubois, Nicolette de Jong, Oksana Matsyura, Lesya Besh, Chung-Hsiung Huang, Tong-Rong Jan, Gary Stiefel, Jean Tratt, Kerrie Kirk, Fabricia Carolino, Stefania Arasi, Lucia Caminiti, Giuseppe Crisafulli, Chiara Fiamingo, Jlenia Fresta, Giovanni Pajno, Ben Remington, Astrid Kruizinga, W. Marty Blom, Joost Westerhout, Sabina Bijlsma, Joe Baumert, Mark Blankestijn, Henny Otten, Rob Klemans, Anouska D. Michelsen-Huisman, Harmieke van Os-Medendorp, Astrid G. Kruizinga, Astrid Versluis, Gert van Duijn, H. Mary-Lene de Zeeuw-Brouwer, Jacqueline J. M. Castenmiller, Hub P. J. M. Noteborn, Geert F. Houben, Kristian Bravin, David Luyt, Bushra Javed, Phil Couch, Christopher Munro, Phil Padfield, Matt Sperrin, Aideen Byrne, Lizalet Oosthuizen, Carina Kelleher, Fiona Ward, Niamh Brosnan, Graham King, Eva Corbet, Josué Alejandro Huertas Guzmán, Montserrat Bosque García, Oscar Asensio, Laura Valdesoiro Navarrete, Helena Larramona, Xavier Domingo Miró, Katarzyna Pyrz, Moira Austin, Yanne Boloh, Philip Couch, Deirdre Galloway, Pilar Hernandez, Jonathan O’B. Hourihane, Fiona Kenna, Barbara Majkowska-Wojciechowska, Lynne Regent, Marina Themisb, Sabine Schnadt, Aida Semic-Jusufagic, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Tiina Kauppila, Mikael Kuitunen, Nikolaos A. Kitsioulis, Nikolaos Douladiris, Sofia Kostoudi, Ioanna Manolaraki, Dimitris Mitsias, Emmanouil Manousakis, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Rebecca Knibb, Jennifer Hammond, Richard Cooke, Jaakko Yrjänä, Anna-Maija Hanni, Päivi Vähäsarja, Oona Mustonen, Teija Dunder, Petri Kulmala, Eva Lasa, Carmen D’Amelio, Sara Martínez, Alejandro Joral, Gabriel Gastaminza, Maria Jose Goikoetxea, David C. A. Candy, Marleen T. J. Van Ampting, Manon M. Oude Nijhuis, Assad M. Butt, Diego G. Peroni, Adam T. Fox, Jan Knol, Louise J. Michaelis, Ines Padua, Patricia Padrao, Pedro Moreira, Renata Barros, Hanan Sharif, Manzoor Ahmed, Nehad Gomaa, Joris Mens, Koen Smit, Frans Timmermans, Tomaž Poredoš, Anja Koren Jeverica, Marjeta Sedmak, Evgen Benedik, Meta Accetto, Mirjana Zupančič, Glauce Yonamine, Gustavo Soldateli, Bruna Aquilante, Antonio Carlos Pastorino, Cleonir Lui de Moraes Beck, Andrea Keiko Gushken, Mayra de Barros Dorna, Cristiane Nunes dos Santos, Ana Paula Moschione Castro, Abdulhadi Al-Qahtani, Rand Arnaout, Agha Rehan Khaliq, Rashid Amin, Farrukh Sheikh, Jorge Alvarez, Marta Anda, Miriam Palacios, Montserrat De Prada, Carmen Ponce, Bianca Balbino, Riccardo Sibilano, Thomas Marichal, Nicolas Gaudenzio, Hajime Karasuyama, Pierre Bruhns, Mindy Tsai, Laurent L. Reber, Stephen J. Galli, Ana Reis Ferreira, Josefina R. Cernadas, Aida del Campo García, Sara Pereiro Fernández, Nerea Sarmiento Carrera, Fernando Bandrés Sánchez-Cruz, José Ramón Fernández Lorenzo, Stephanie Claus, Claudia Pföhler, Franziska Ruëff, Regina Treudler, Mercedes Escarrer Jaume, Agustin Madroñero, Maria Teresa Guerra Perez, Juan Carlos Julia, Charlotte Hands Plovdiv, Lee Gethings, Jim Langridge, Karine Adel-Patient, Hervé Bernard, Ivona Barcievic-Jones, Raditsa Sokolova, Rumyana Yankova, Mariya Ivanovska, Marianna Murdjeva, Tatyana Popova, Svetlan Dermendzhiev, Martin Karjalainen, Ulrike Lehnigk, Duncan Brown, Julie C. Locklear, Julie Locklear, Ioana Maris, Jonathan Hourihane, Cristina Ornelas, Joana Caiado, Manuel Branco Ferreira, Manuel Pereira-Barbosa, Yolanda Puente, Juan Carlos Daza, Francisco Javier Monteseirin, Natalia Ukleja-Sokolowska, Ewa Gawronska-Ukleja, Magdalena Zbikowska-Gotz, Zbigniew Bartuzi, Lukasz Sokolowski, Aine Adams, Bernard Mahon, Karen English, Nelly Gourdon-Dubois, Laetitia Sellam, Bruno Pereira, Elodie Michaud, Khaled Messaoudi, Bertrand Evrard, Jean-Luc Fauquert, Francisca Palomares, Gador Gomez, Maria Jose Rodriguez, Luisa Galindo, Ana Molina, Lorella Paparo, Maurizio Mennini, Rosita Aitoro, Adam Wawrzeńczyk, Michał Przybyszewski, Anna Wawrzeńczyk, Hulya Ercan Sarıcoban, Meltem Ugras, Zerrin Yalvac, Bertine M. J. Flokstra-de Blok, J. L. van der Velde, Andrea Vereda, Clara Ippolito, Amaranta Traversa, Daniela Adriano, Daniela Manila Bianchi, Silvia Gallina, Lucia Decastelli, Melina Makatsori, Anne Miles, Sonja Posega Devetak, Iztok Devetak, Soraya Ainad Tabet, Jeanette Fisker Trandbohus, Pernille Winther, Hans-Jørgen Malling, Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen, Lene Heise Garvey, Chia-Chi Wang, Yin-Hua Cheng, Chun-Wei Tung, Mariola Dietrich, Ingo Marenholz, Birgit Kalb, Sarah Grosche, Katharina Blümchen, Rupert Schlags, Mareike Price, Sylke Rietz, Jorge Esparza-Gordillo, Susanne Lau, Young-Ae Lee, Ali Almontasheri, Mohammad Al Bahkali, Sahar Elshorbagi, Abdullah Alfhaid, Mashary Altamimi, Eman Madbouly, Hassan Al-Dhekri, Rand K. Arnaout, Maria Basagaña, Sira Miquel, Borja Bartolomé, Bettina Brix, Stefanie Rohwer, Sandra Brandhoff, Alena Berger, Waltraud Suer, Alf Weimann, Cristina Bueno, Laura Martín-Pedraza, Sara Abián, Pablo San Segundo-Acosta, Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez, Rodrigo Barderas, Eva Batanero, Javier Cuesta-Herranz, María Teresa Villalba, Magna Correia, Filipe Benito-Garcia, Cristina Arêde, Susana Piedade, Mário Morais-Almeida, James Hindley, Ross Yarham, Anna Kuklinska-Pijanka, David Gillick, Karine Patient, Martin D. Chapman, Katrine L. Bøgh, Ana Miranda, Eugénia Matos, Anna Sokolova, Huan Rao, Ivona Baricevic-Jones, Frances Smith, Wentong Xue, Helga Magnusdottir, Anna G. Vidarsdottir, Sigrun Lund, Anders Blom Jensen, Bjorn R. Ludviksson, Reyna Simon, Robert Elfont, Sean Bennett, Robert Voyksner, Maria de Lurdes Torre, Songül Yürek, Margaretha A. Faber, Annick Bastiaensen, Evelyne Mangodt, Athina van Gasse, Ine Decuyper, Vito Sabato, Margo M. Hagendorens, Chris H. Bridts, Luc S. De Clerck, Didier Ebo, Susanne Schwarz, Mandy Ziegert, Saskia Albroscheit, Christian Schwager, Skadi Kull, Jochen Behrends, Niels Röckendorf, Frauke Schocker, Andreas Frey, Arne Homann, Wolf-Meinhard Becker, Uta Jappe, Nesrine Zaabat, Sylvia Osscini, Chantal Agabriel, Benoît Sterling, Ania Carsin, Valérie Liabeuf, Monica Maćków, Alina Zbróg, Monica Bronkowska, Justine Courtois, Romy Gadisseur, Catherine Bertholet, Pierre Lukas, Etienne Cavalier, Philippe Delahaut, Birgit Quinting, Margareta Brandt Gertmo, Ewa Ternesten Hasseus, Vladyslava Barzylovych, Júlio Oliveira, Luis F. Ensina, Carolina S. Aranda, Leire Dopazo, Rebeca Lopez, Raquel Perez, Laura Santos-Diez, Agurtzane Bilbao, Juan Miguel Garcia, Ignacio García Núñez, María Ángeles Algaba Mármol, María José Barasona Villarejo, José Antonio Bácter Martos, Marina Suárez Vergara, José María Ignacio García, Agata Michalska, Grzegorz Sergiejko, Robert Zacniewski, Ileana-Maria Ghiordanescu, Cristina Deaconu, Mihaela Popescu, Roxana Silvia Bumbacea, Alkerta Ibranji, Elida Nikolla, Gjustina Loloci, Nanna Juel-Berg, Lau Fabricius Larsen, Lars Kjaergaard Poulsen, João Marcelino, Ricardo Prata, Ana Célia Costa, Fátima Duarte, Marta Neto, Jennifer Santos, Luís Câmara Pestana, Daniel Sampaio, Paola Minale, Paola Dignetti, Donatella Bignardi, Irena Nedelea, Florin-Dan Popescu, Mariana Vieru, Florin-Adrian Secureanu, Carmen Saviana Ganea, Miguel Vieira, José Pedro Moreira Silva, Timothy Watts, Sophia Watts, Marta Lomikovska, Marina Peredelskaya, Natalia Nenasheva, Ivana Filipovic, Zorica Zivkovic, Djordje Filipovic, Jennette Higgs, Amena Warner, and Carla Jones

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published
2017
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29. Comparative morphology and soft tissue histology of the remote‐touch bill‐tip organ in three ibis species of differing foraging ecology

Author

Susan Cunningham, Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, and Carla Du Toit

Subjects
Histology, Beak, Water, Cell Biology, Vibration, Africa, Southern, Birds, Soil, Touch, Animals, Anatomy, Mechanoreceptors, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Ibises (order: Pelecaniformes, family: Threskiornithidae) are probe-foraging birds that use 'remote-touch' to locate prey items hidden in opaque substrates. This sensory capability allows them to locate their prey using high-frequency vibrations in the substrate in the absence of other sensory cues. Remote-touch is facilitated by a specialised bill-tip organ, comprising high densities of mechanoreceptors (Herbst corpuscles) embedded in numerous foramina in the beak bones. Each foramen and its associated Herbst corpuscles make up a sensory unit, called a 'sensory pit'. These sensory pits are densely clustered in the distal portion of the beak. Previous research has indicated that interspecific differences in the extent of sensory pitting in the beak bones correlate with aquatic habitat use of ibises, and have been suggested to reflect different levels of remote-touch sensitivity. Our study investigates the interspecific differences in the bone and soft tissue histology of the bill-tip organs of three species of southern African ibises from different habitats (mainly terrestrial to mainly aquatic). We analysed the external pitting pattern on the bones, as well as internal structure of the beak using micro-CT scans and soft tissue histological sections of each species' bill-tip organs. The beaks of all three species contain remote-touch bill-tip organs and are described here in detail. Clear interspecific differences are evident between the species' bill-tip organs, both in terms of bone morphology and soft tissue histology. Glossy Ibises, which forage exclusively in wetter substrates, have a greater extent of pitting but lower numbers of Herbst corpuscles in each pit, while species foraging in drier substrates (Hadeda and Sacred Ibises) have more robust beaks, fewer pits and higher densities of Herbst corpuscles. Our data, together with previously published histological descriptions of the bill-tip organs of other remote-touch foraging bird species, indicate that species foraging in drier habitats have more sensitive bill-tip organs (based on their anatomy). The vibrations produced by prey (e.g., burrowing invertebrates) travel poorly in dry substrates compared with wetter ones (i.e., dry soil vs. mud or water), and thus we hypothesise that a more sensitive bill-tip organ may be required to successfully locate prey in dry substrates. Furthermore, our results indicate that the differences in bill-tip organ anatomy between the species reflect complex trade-offs between morphological constraints of beak shape and remote-touch sensitivity requirements, both of which are likely related to each species' foraging behaviour and substrate usage. Our study suggests that structures in the bone of the bill-tip organ could provide valuable osteological correlates for the associated soft tissues, and consequently may provide information on the sensory ecology and habitat usage of the birds in the absence of soft tissues.

Published
2022

34. Nutritional care is a human right: Translating principles to clinical practice

Author

Diana Cárdenas, Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia, Gil Hardy, Juan B. Ochoa, Albert Barrocas, Régis Hankard, Isabelle Hannequart, Stéphane Schneider, Charles Bermúdez, Karin Papapietro, Teresa Pounds, Cristina Cuerda, Winai Ungpinitpong, Anna–Lena du Toit, and Rocco Barazzoni

Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics, Human Rights, Humans, Medicine (miscellaneous), Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Abstract

We have previously advocated that nutritional care be raised to the level of a human right, in close relationship to two well-recognized fundamental rights: the right to food and the right to health. This article aims to analyze the implication of nutritional care as a human right for healthcare practitioners. We will focus on the impact of the Human Rights Basic Approach (HRBA) on healthcare professionals (HCPs), namely how they can translate HRBA into routine clinical practice. Ethics and human rights are guiding values for clinical nutrition practitioners. Together they ensure a patient-centered approach, in which the needs and rights of the patients are of the most significant importance. Human rights are based on the powerful idea of equal dignity for all people while expressing a set of core values, including fairness, respect, equality, dignity, and autonomy (FREDA). Through the analysis of FREDA principles, we have provided the elements to understand human rights and how an HRBA can support clinicians in the decision-making process. Clinical practice guidelines in clinical nutrition should incorporate disease-specific ethical issues and the HRBA. The HRBA should contribute to building conditions for HCPs to provide optimal and timely nutritional care. Nutritional care must be exercised by HCPs with due respect for several fundamental ethical values: attentiveness, responsibility competence, responsiveness, and solidarity.

Published
2022

35. How useful is post‐graduate education in biochemistry for entry into the South African labour market?

Author

David Du Toit and Gerrit Koorsen

Subjects
South Africa, Career Choice, Universities, Humans, Education, Graduate, Students, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Abstract

Biochemistry encompasses a broad range of life science disciplines. Unlike more vocational disciplines such as pharmacy or medicine, the career path associated with biochemistry is less clearly defined. An important question is whether the skills set provided by post-graduate biochemistry education, defined as BSc (Hons.), MSc, or PhD degrees, is aligned with the requirements of a career in academia or industry. This article reports on former post-graduate biochemistry students and their careers and aims to establish whether former post-graduate students perceive a post-graduate qualification in biochemistry as useful for entry into the job market. This article is based on responses of 64 former post-graduate biochemistry students from South African universities who have graduated between 2010 and 2019. Findings show that most post-graduate biochemistry graduates continue a career in academia after graduating. Some pursue a career in the industry, while a very small number of biochemistry post-graduates are currently unemployed. These findings suggest that a post-graduate degree in biochemistry provides the necessary scientific and research skills sought after by the employment sector in South Africa.

Published
2022

36. Spatially tracked whole‐breast three‐dimensional ultrasound system toward point‐of‐care breast cancer screening in high‐risk women with dense breasts

Author

Claire Keun Sun Park, Shuwei Xing, Samuel Papernick, Nathan Orlando, Eric Knull, Carla Du Toit, Jeffrey Scott Bax, Lori Gardi, Kevin Barker, David Tessier, and Aaron Fenster

Subjects
Male, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Phantoms, Imaging, Point-of-Care Systems, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, General Medicine, Early Detection of Cancer, Breast Density, Mammography
Abstract

Mammographic screening has reduced mortality in women through the early detection of breast cancer. However, the sensitivity for breast cancer detection is significantly reduced in women with dense breasts, in addition to being an independent risk factor. Ultrasound (US) has been proven effective in detecting small, early-stage, and invasive cancers in women with dense breasts.To develop an alternative, versatile, and cost-effective spatially tracked three-dimensional (3D) US system for whole-breast imaging. This paper describes the design, development, and validation of the spatially tracked 3DUS system, including its components for spatial tracking, multi-image registration and fusion, feasibility for whole-breast 3DUS imaging and multi-planar visualization in tissue-mimicking phantoms, and a proof-of-concept healthy volunteer study.The spatially tracked 3DUS system contains (a) a six-axis manipulator and counterbalanced stabilizer, (b) an in-house quick-release 3DUS scanner, adaptable to any commercially available US system, and removable, allowing for handheld 3DUS acquisition and two-dimensional US imaging, and (c) custom software for 3D tracking, 3DUS reconstruction, visualization, and spatial-based multi-image registration and fusion of 3DUS images for whole-breast imaging. Spatial tracking of the 3D position and orientation of the system and its joints (JMean tracking errors were 0.87 ± 0.52, 0.70 ± 0.46, 0.53 ± 0.48, 0.34 ± 0.32, 0.43 ± 0.28, and 0.78 ± 0.54 mm for joints JOur spatially tracked 3DUS system shows potential utility as an alternative, accurate, and feasible whole-breast approach with the capability for bedside POC imaging. Future work is focused on reducing misregistration errors due to motion and tissue deformations, to develop a robust spatially tracked whole-breast 3DUS acquisition protocol, then exploring its clinical utility for screening high-risk women with dense breasts.

Published
2022

46. Open‐label follow‐on study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and quality of life with extended daily oral immunotherapy in children with peanut allergy

Author

Caroline Nilsson, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Antonella Muraro, Andrea Vereda, Alex Smith, Brian P. Vickery, Daniel C. Adelman, Audrey DunnGalvin, Kirsten Beyer, Vibha Sharma, Jonathan O'b Hourihane, Stacie M. Jones, Katharina Blumchen, George Du Toit, and Robert Ryan

Subjects
Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Peanut allergy, Adolescent, Arachis, Immunology, Administration, Oral, Desensitization, Oral immunotherapy, Food allergy, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunology and Allergy, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Dosing, Child, Adverse effect, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Allergens, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Tolerability, Desensitization, Immunologic, Child, Preschool, Quality of Life, business, Food Hypersensitivity
Abstract

Background: The benefit of daily administration of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Allergen Powder-dnfp (PTAH)-formerly AR101-has been established in clinical trials, but limited data past the first year of treatment are available. This longitudinal analysis aimed to explore the impact of continued PTAH therapeutic maintenance dosing (300 mg/day) on efficacy, safety/tolerability, and food allergy-related quality of life.Methods: We present a subset analysis of PALISADE-ARC004 participants (aged 4-17 years) who received 300 mg PTAH daily for a total of similar to 1.5 (Group A, n = 110) or similar to 2 years (Group B, n = 32). Safety assessments included monitoring the incidence of adverse events (AEs), accidental exposures to food allergens, and adrenaline use. Efficacy was assessed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC); skin prick testing; peanut-specific antibody assays; and Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) scores.Results: Continued maintenance with PTAH increased participants' ability to tolerate peanut protein: 48.1% of completers in Group A (n = 50/104) and 80.8% in Group B (n = 21/26) tolerated 2000 mg peanut protein at exit DBPCFC without dose-limiting symptoms. Immune biomarkers showed a pattern consistent with treatment-induced desensitization. Among PTAH-continuing participants, the overall and treatment-related exposure-adjusted AE rate decreased throughout the intervention period in both groups. Clinically meaningful improvements in FAQLQ and FAIM scores over time suggest a potential link between increased desensitization as determined by the DBPCFC and improved quality of life.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that daily PTAH treatment for peanut allergy beyond 1 year leads to an improved safety/tolerability profile and continued clinical and immunological response.

Published
2021

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