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3. Echocardiographic Examination of the Aortic Arch: Anomalies Presenting in the Neonatal Period

Author

Richard A. Humes and Zia Q. Farooki

Subjects
Aortic arch, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Interrupted aortic arch, Aortic arch anomalies, Coarctation of the aorta, medicine.disease, Parasternal line, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Color flow, Radiology, Arch, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the aortic arch that present in the first 30 days of life include clinically significant lesions such as coarctation of the aorta and interruption of the aortic arch. Other anomalies of aortic arch position may present as part of a larger congenital complex. Knowledge of the embryology and anatomy of these structures is essential to the understanding of this class of defects. A systematic and careful two-dimensional echocardiographic examination of the arch structures from suprasternal and high parasternal views should reveal the anatomy. A careful Doppler examination using pulsed- and continuous-wave Doppler, as well as color flow imaging, is used to delineate the presence and severity of obstructive lesions. This review discusses the anatomy and echocardiographic techniques that may be used to demonstrate this group of lesions. Noninvasive echocardiographic examination of the aortic arch complex in the neonate should be sufficient to make the diagnosis of most aortic arch anomalies. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, July 1991)

Published
1991
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5. Real-time echocardiographic features of intrapericardial teratoma

Author

Eduardo Arciniegas, Zia Q. Farooki, Mehdi Hakimi, SK Clapp, Edward W. Green, and William Jackson

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Teratoma, Heart Neoplasms, Intrapericardial teratoma, Echocardiography, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, business, Pericardium
Published
1982
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10. Phytoconstituents from Moringa oleifera fruits target ACE2 and open spike glycoprotein to combat SARS-CoV-2: An integrative phytochemical and computational approach.

Author

Siddiqui S, Ahmad R, Alaidarous M, Zia Q, Ahmad Mir S, Alshehri B, Srivastava A, and Trivedi A

Subjects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Esters pharmacology, Fatty Acids pharmacology, Fruit metabolism, Humans, Molecular Docking Simulation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus chemistry, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus metabolism, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus pharmacology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Moringa oleifera chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects
Abstract

Therapeutic drugs based on natural products for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 are currently unavailable. This study was conducted to develop an anti-SARS-CoV-2 herbal medicine to face the urgent need for COVID-19 treatment. The bioactive components from ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera fruits (MOFs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Molecular-docking analyses elucidated the binding effects of identified phytocomponents against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) and human ACE2 receptor (PDB ID: 1R42) through the Glide module of Maestro software. GC-MS analysis unveiled the presence of 33 phytocomponents. Eighteen phytocomponents exhibited good binding affinity toward ACE2 receptor, and thirteen phytocomponents had a high affinity with spike glycoprotein. This finding suggests that the top 11 hits (Docking score ≥ -3.0 kcal/mol) could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Intriguingly, most of the phytoconstituents displayed drug-likeness with no predicted toxicity. However, further studies are needed to validate their effects and mechanisms of action. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Moringa oleifera (MO) also called "drumstick tree" has been used as an alternative food source to combat malnutrition and may act as an immune booster. GC-MS analysis unveiled that ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera fruits (MOFs) possessed 33 active components of pyridine, aromatic fatty acid, oleic acid, tocopherol, methyl ester, diterpene alcohol, triterpene and fatty acid ester and their derivatives, which have various pharmacological and medicinal values. Virtual screening study of phytocomponents of MOF with human ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein exhibited good binding affinity. Based on molecular docking, the top 11 hits (Docking score ≥-3.0 kcal/mol) might serve as potential lead molecules in antiviral drug development. Intriguingly, most of the phytoconstituents displayed drug-likeness with no predicted toxicity. Thus, MOF might be used as a valuable source for antiviral drug development to combat COVID-19, an ongoing pandemic., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2022
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