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Abstract Background The rising cancer incidence in patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) highlights the importance of identifying potential biomarkers for high‐risk individuals and lesions because these biomarkers are useful in developing personalized management strategies for OL patients. This study systematically searched and analyzed the literature on potential saliva and serum biomarkers for OL malignant transformation. Methods PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies published up to April 2022. The primary outcome of this study was the difference in biomarker concentrations in saliva or serum samples from healthy control (HC), OL and oral cancer (OC) populations. Cohen's d with 95% credible interval was calculated and pooled using the inverse variance heterogeneity method. Results A total of seven saliva biomarkers were analyzed in this paper, including interleukin‐1alpha, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐6‐8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), copper, zinc, and lactate dehydrogenase. IL‐6 and TNF‐α exhibited statistically significant deviations in comparisons between HC versus OL and OL versus OC. A total of 13 serum biomarkers were analyzed, including IL‐6, TNF‐α, C‐reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, low‐density lipoproteins, albumin, protein, β2‐microglobulin, fucose, lipid‐bound sialic acid (LSA), and total sialic acid (TSA). LSA and TSA exhibited statistically significant deviations in comparisons between HC versus OL and OL versus OC. Conclusion IL‐6 and TNF‐α in saliva have strong predictive values for OL deterioration, and LSA and TSA concentration levels in serum also have the potential to serve as biomarkers for OL deterioration.

Abstract Water evaporation is a ubiquitous and spontaneous phase transition process. The utilization of solar‐driven interface water evaporation that simultaneously obtains clean water and power generation can effectively alleviate people's concerns about fresh water and energy shortages. However, it remains a great challenge to efficiently integrate the required functions into the same device to reduce the complexity of the system and alleviate its dependence on solar energy to achieve full‐time operation. In this work, a multifunctional device based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Mn3O4/Al2O3 composite nanomaterials is realized by an asymmetric strategy for effective solar‐thermal‐electro integration that can induce power generation by water evaporation in the presence/absence of light. Under one sun irradiation, the solar‐driven evaporation rate and output voltage are 1.74 kg m−2 h−1 and 0.778 V, respectively. More strikingly, the nine‐grid evaporation/power generation array integrated with multiple devices in series has the advantages of small volume, large evaporation area, and high power generation, and can light up light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), providing the possibility for large‐scale production and application. Based on the high photothermal conversion efficiency and power production capacity of the RGO/Mn3O4/Al2O3 composite evaporation/generator, it will be a promising energy conversion device for future sustainable energy development and applications.

Background Therapeutic hypothermia has a beneficial effect on cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Recent research has suggested that microRNAs participate in acute myocardial infarction to regulate cardiomyocyte survival. This study aimed to explore the ability of hypothermia‐regulated microRNA‐483‐3p (miR‐483‐3p) to inhibit hypoxia‐induced myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Primary cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxia at 32 °C to mimic therapeutic hypothermia, and the differentially expressed microRNAs were determined by RNA sequencing. Therapeutic hypothermia recovered hypoxia‐induced increases in apoptosis, decreases in ATP levels, and decreases in miR‐483‐3p expression. Overexpression of miR‐483‐3p exhibited effects similar to those of therapeutic hypothermia on hypoxia in the treatment of cardiomyocytes to associate with maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9) was identified as a target gene with downregulated expression by miR‐483‐3p. Knockdown of Cdk9 also promoted cardiac survival, ATP production, and mitochondrial membrane potential stability under hypoxia. In vivo, the expression of miR‐483‐3p and Cdk9 was tested in the cardiac tissue of the mice with acute myocardial infarction, and the expression of miR‐483‐3p decreased and Cdk9 increased in the region of myocardial infarction. However, miR‐483‐3p was overexpressed with lentivirus, which suppressed apoptosis, infarct size (miR‐483‐3p, 22.00±4.04% versus negative control, 28.57±5.44%, P

Abstract Interfacial water evaporation technology by using solar energy provides one of the promising pathways for freshwater shortage management. However, current research mainly focuses on the improvement of evaporation efficiency by macro or microregulations, ignoring the steam temperature, which is a manifestation of the quality of water. Herein not only is a high‐rate solar evaporation achieved but also steam temperature is enhanced by a simple three‐tier (wet absorber–air gap–dry absorber) device. In a routine interfacial evaporation test, the evaporator achieves a stable evaporation rate up to 2.15 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun, demonstrating a competitive evaporation rate compared with other reports. With the three‐tier device, the steam temperature can increase 33.7%, 41.13%, and 47% without dry absorber under one sun, two sun, and three sun illumination, respectively. At the same time, the steam temperature can be as high as 95.5 °C under three sun intensities. This work provides the possibility of using a simple three‐tier device for high‐temperature steam generation without extra energy input, which contributes to an idea for future research on the production high‐quality water.