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2. Natural variation at OsCERK1 regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice

Author

Huang, Renliang, Li, Zheng, Mao, Cui, Zhang, Hui, Sun, Zhongfeng, Li, Hao, Huang, Congcong, Feng, Yong, Shen, Xianhua, Bucher, Marcel, Zhang, Zhongming, Lin, Yongjun, Cao, Yangrong, Duanmu, Deqiang, Huang, Renliang, Li, Zheng, Mao, Cui, Zhang, Hui, Sun, Zhongfeng, Li, Hao, Huang, Congcong, Feng, Yong, Shen, Xianhua, Bucher, Marcel, Zhang, Zhongming, Lin, Yongjun, Cao, Yangrong, and Duanmu, Deqiang

Abstract

The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and land plants is essential for efficient nutrient acquisition and utilisation. Our understanding of key processes controlling the AMF colonisation in rice is still limited. Dongxiang wild rice (DY) exhibited a stronger colonisation with Rhizophagus irregularis than the rice cultivar Zhongzao 35 (ZZ35). Chromosome segment substitution lines were constructed and the OsCERK1 gene from DY was mapped. Transgenic plants in the japonica rice Zhonghua 11 (ZZ11) were constructed to compare root colonisation by AMF. Chromosome single-segment substitution lines containing OsCERK1(DY) showed higher phosphorus content and grain yield relative to ZZ35. Four amino acids substitutions were identified among the OsCERK1 haplotypes of DY, ZZ35 and ZH11 and two of these were in the second lysine-motif domain, which is essential for the differences of AMF colonisation level among rice varieties. Heterologous expression of OsCERK1(DY) in ZH11 significantly enhanced AMF colonisation and increased resistance against the pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae. Notably, the OsCERK1(DY) haplotype was absent from 4660 cultivated rice varieties. We conclude that OsCERK1 is a key gene affecting the symbiotic interaction with AMF and OsCERK1(DY) has the biotechnological potential to increase rice phosphorus acquisition and utilisation efficiency for sustainable agriculture.

Published
2020

5. Diamonds and Other Exotic Minerals Recovered from Peridotites of the Dangqiong Ophiolite, Western Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet

Author

Zhang Zhongming, Li Yuan, T. Robinson Paul, XU Xiangzhen, Rong He, Yang Jingsui, Ba Dengzhu, and Xiong Fahui

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Geochemistry, Geology, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Kyanite, Andalusite, Almandine, visual_art, Titanite, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Chromitite, Moissanite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract

Various combinations of diamond, moissanite, zircon, quartz, corundum, rutile, titanite, almandine garnet, kyanite, and andalusite have been recovered from the Dangqiong peridotites. More than 80 grains of diamond have been recovered, most of which are pale yellow to reddish-orange to colorless. The grains are all 100–200 µm in size and mostly anhedral, but with a range of morphologies including elongated, octahedral and subhedral varieties. Their identification was confirmed by a characteristic shift in the Raman spectra between 1325 cm−1 and 1333 cm−1, mostly at 1331.51 cm−1 or 1326.96 cm−1. Integration of the mineralogical, petrological and geochemical data for the Dongqiong peridotites suggests a multi-stage formation for this body and similar ophiolites in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone. Chromian spinel grains and perhaps small bodies of chromitite crystallized at various depths in the upper mantle, and encapsulated the UHP, highly reduced and crustal minerals. Some oceanic crustal slabs containing the chromian spinel and their inclusion were later trapped in suprasubduction zones (SSZ), where they were modified by island arc tholeiitic and boninitic magmas, thus changing the chromian spinel compositions and depositing chromitite ores in melt channels.

Published
2016

6. Natural variation atOs CERK 1regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice

Author

Huang, Renliang, primary, Li, Zheng, additional, Mao, Cui, additional, Zhang, Hui, additional, Sun, Zhongfeng, additional, Li, Hao, additional, Huang, Congcong, additional, Feng, Yong, additional, Shen, Xianhua, additional, Bucher, Marcel, additional, Zhang, Zhongming, additional, Lin, Yongjun, additional, Cao, Yangrong, additional, and Duanmu, Deqiang, additional

Published
2019
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8. The Discovery of Diamonds in Chromitites of the Hegenshan Ophiolite, Inner Mongolia, China

Author

Xu Wei, Huang Zhu, Zhang Zhongming, Paul T. Robinson, Xiong Fahui, Zhu Yongwang, Liu Zhao, and Yang Jingsui

Subjects
Peridotite, Augite, Mineral, Geochemistry, engineering, Chromitite, Geology, Chromite, engineering.material, Ophiolite, Moissanite, Zircon
Abstract

Diamond, moissanite and a variety of other minerals, similar to those reported from ophiolites in Tibet and northern Russia, have recently been discovered in chromitites of the Hegenshan ophiolite of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, north China. The chromitites are small, podiform and vein-like bodies hosted in dunite, clinopyroxene-bearing peridotite, troctolite and gabbro. All of the analysed chromite grains are relatively Al-rich, with Cr# [100Cr/(Cr+Al)] of about 47–53. Preliminary studies of mainly disseminated chromitite from ore body No. 3756 have identified more than 30 mineral species in addition to diamond and moissanite. These include oxides (mostly hematite, magnetite, rutile, anatase, cassiterite, and quartz), sulfides (pyrite, marcasite and others), silicates (magnesian olivine, enstatite, augite, diopside, uvarovite, pyrope, orthoclase, zircon, sphene, vesuvianite, chlorite and serpentine) and others (e.g., calcite, monazite, glauberite, iowaite and a range of metallic alloys). This study demonstrates that diamond, moissanite and other exotic minerals can occur in high-Al, as well as high-Cr chromites, and significantly extends the geographic and age range of known diamond-bearing ophiolites.

Published
2015

9. Diamond Discovered in High-Al Chromitites of the Sartohay Ophiolite, Xinjiang Province, China

Author

Paul T. Robinson, Niu Xiaolu, Li Yuan, Liu Fei, Yang Jingsui, Liu Zhao, Zhang Zhongming, Xiong Fahui, and Tian Yazhou

Subjects
Paleozoic, Heavy mineral, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Diamond, Geology, engineering.material, Ophiolite, Mantle (geology), Tectonics, engineering, Chromitite, Moissanite
Abstract

In recent years diamonds and other exotic minerals have been recovered from mantle peridotites and high-Cr chromitites of a number of ophiolites of different age and different tectonic environments. Here we report a similar collection of minerals from the Sartohay ophiolite of Xinjiang Province, western China, which is characterized by having high-Al chromitites. Several samples of massive podiform chromitite with an aggregate weight of nearly 900 kg yielded diamonds, moissanite and other highly reduced minerals, as well as common crustal minerals. Thus far, more than 20 grains each of diamond and moissanite have been recovered from heavy mineral separates of the chromitites. The diamonds are all 100–200 μm in size and range in color from pale yellow to reddish-orange to colorless. Most of the grains are anhedral to subhedral octahedra, commonly with elongate forms exhibiting well-developed striations. They all display characteristic Raman spectra with shifts between 1325 cm−1 and 1333 cm−1, mostly 1331.51 cm−1 or 1326.96 cm−1. The moissanite grains are light blue to dark blue, broken crystals, 50–150 μm across, commonly occurring as small flakes or fragments. Their typical Raman spectra have shifts at 762 cm−1, 785 cm−1, and 966 cm−1. This investigation extends the occurrence of diamonds and moissanite to a Paleozoic ophiolite in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and demonstrates that these minerals can also occur in high-Al chromitites. We conclude that diamonds and moissanite are likely to be ubiquitous in ophiolitic mantle peridotites and chromitites.

Published
2015

16. NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE 1 is required for maintenance of rhizobial endosymbiosis in Medicago truncatula

Author

Wang, Chao, primary, Yu, Haixiang, additional, Luo, Li, additional, Duan, Liujian, additional, Cai, Liuyang, additional, He, Xinxing, additional, Wen, Jiangqi, additional, Mysore, Kirankumar S., additional, Li, Guoliang, additional, Xiao, Aifang, additional, Duanmu, Deqiang, additional, Cao, Yangrong, additional, Hong, Zonglie, additional, and Zhang, Zhongming, additional

Published
2016
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