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In rodent models, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) acts as a hormone that promotes insulin sensitivity and secretion. If ucOC plays a similar role in humans, then antiresorptive therapies, which reduce ucOC levels, may increase the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. We tested whether antiresorptive therapies result in higher fasting glucose, increased weight, or greater diabetes incidence in post hoc analyses of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials in postmenopausal women: Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT) (N = 6151) of alendronate (4 years), Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence with Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly Pivotal Fracture Trial (HORIZON-PFT) (N = 7113) of zoledronic acid (3 years), and Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) trial (N = 7076) of denosumab (3 years). Fasting glucose was measured annually in FIT and HORIZON in a subset of women, and every 6 months in FREEDOM in all participants. Weight was measured annually in all trials. Incident diabetes was identified from adverse event reports, initiation of diabetes medication, or elevated fasting glucose. Differences in fasting glucose changes from randomization to trial conclusion between treatment and placebo groups were not statistically significant: −0.47 mg/dL in FIT, 0.20 mg/dL in HORIZON-PFT, and 0.09 mg/dL in FREEDOM, all p > 0.6. Weight change differed between treatment and placebo groups in FIT (0.32 kg, p = 0.003) and FREEDOM (0.31 kg, p = 0.023) but not in HORIZON-PFT (0.15 kg, p = 0.132). In the three trials combined, diabetes occurred in 203 and 225 women assigned to treatment or placebo, respectively. Diabetes incidence was not increased in any of the treatment groups or in the pooled estimate (pooled relative risk [RR] = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.10). Antiresorptive therapy does not have a clinically important effect on fasting glucose, weight, or diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. Contrary to predictions from mouse models, reduced bone turnover does not appear to play a significant role in glucose metabolism in humans.

The field-based equivalent circuit model is applied to the design and optimization of microstrip passive circuits with aggressive space mapping (ASM) technique. The field-based equivalent circuit model is taken as coarse model, whereas the commercial software IE3D is used as the fine model. Three practical passive components, i.e., two low-pass filters and a power divider are designed by the field-based equivalent circuit model with ASM. Good convergence performance is achieved for the designs of all examples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2889–2893, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22944

Substrate integrated rectangular waveguide (SIRW) is an artificial rectangular waveguide (RW) constructed in planar substrate with two rows of periodic metallized posts or slots. In this letter, the equivalence formula between the locations of the corresponding short circuits by cylinder walls and by the solid wall was derived, based on the former width equivalence formula of the SIRW and its equivalent RW [(11)]]. The theoretical and simulation results are given for the SIRW short load and RW short load, good agreements have been observed. Such equivalences are convenient for the design of small waveguides, of millimeter wave, in a multilayer circuit structure, such as the LTCC etc. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1694–1698, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21805

Knowledge of the mutual interaction between antenna elements is of great importance for the design of practical antenna arrays, especially for phased arrays and ultra-low side-lobe arrays. In this paper, to fully take into consideration the mutual coupling in an array environment, a mutual-impedance formula based on synthetic asymptote and variable separation [1] is used in an existing correction procedure in order to speed up the computation for microstrip patch arrays. The simulation results show that the performance of the finite microstrip patch arrays can be successfully predicted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 577–581, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20701

A novel compact H-plane horn antenna constructed is proposed for substrate integrated rectangular waveguide with ξr = 10.2. It has a dielectric arc lens for better directivity and a simple microstrip transition as feed. The horn, the lens, and the transition share the same substrate. The measured gain of this antenna is about 9 dB; the bandwidth, at 10 dB return loss, is over 12%, and the antenna size is 39.175 × 14 × 2 mm3. The frequency band is 25.5–28.5 GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 168–178, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22086