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Two new amides tricholomines A (1) and B (2), along with nine known compounds, were isolated from the dried fruiting bodies of Tricholoma bakamatsutake. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis or comparison with the data in the literatures. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

A new carboline alkaloid, Trifiline D (1) and a new degraded diterpenoid, Trigoxyphin X (4) were isolated from the roots and stems of Trigonostemonlii. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activity against MCF-7, A-549, MGC-803, and COLO-205 with IC50 values ranging from 27.4 to 35.4 mu M.

Methyl pothoscandensate (1), a new molecular skeleton of ent-18(4?3)-abeokaurane, along with eight known compounds was isolated from the whole plant of Pothos scandens. The structure of the new compound was established by spectroscopic techniques and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory activity of selected compounds against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) was measured by the cytopathic effect (CPE) method. Compound 1 showed weak effect on PRRSV with an IC50 value of 40.3 +/- 8.3 mu M (TI=15.7).

Daphangustifolines A and B (1 and 2), two new Daphniphyllum alkaloids were isolated from the whole plant of Daphniphyllum angustifolium HUTCH. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. Their cytotoxicity against HL-60, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines was also evaluated.

A phytochemical investigation of Toona ciliata var. ciliata afforded three new polyynes, 1 - 3. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Only compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the HL-60 cell line with an IC(50) value of 6.7 +/- 0.27 mu M.

Ten new phenolic compounds including the six neolignans 1-3 and 6-8 and four caffeoyl derivatives, i.e., myo-inositol 1-caffeate (9), myo-inositol 6-caffeate (10), myo-inositol 5-caffeate (11), and paucine 3'-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12) were isolated from the whole plants of Selaginella moellendorffii (caffeic acid = 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid). Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Three new chromanone derivatives, calopolyanic acid (1), isocalopolyanic acid (2), and isorecedensic acid (3). were isolated from the pericarps of Calophyllum polyanthum WALL ex CHOISY, along with seven known compounds, apetalic acid, blancoic acid, chapelieric acid, methyl isoapetalate, isoapetalic acid, isocalolongic acid, and recedensic acid All of these compounds were reported from C polyanthum for the first time The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods

One new anthraquinone glycoside. 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)emodin (1). and two new sesquilignans. seslignanoccidentaliols A (2) and B (3), were isolated from the whole plant of Cassia occidentalis. The structures of the new compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR data ((1)H.(1)H-COSY. HMQC, HMBC. and ROESY). as well as HR-ESI-MS analysis. One previously reported sesquilignan. crythro-guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-(5')-methoxylariciresinol, was revised to be seslignanoccidentaliol A (2). The 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)emodin (1) exhibited moderate anti HIV-1 activity with an EC(50) value of 2.90 mu g/ml and a therapeutic-index (TI) value of 260.

Investigation on the extracts of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica seeds led to the isolation of three new compounds, anthelminthicins A-C (1-3, resp.), and two known ones, namely chaulmoogric acid (4) and ethyl chaulmoograte (5). Their structures were determined mainly by using spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration at the cyclopentenyl moiety of compound 2 was rationalized by quantum calculations. Base hydrolysis, followed by optical-rotation comparison, allowed assignment of the configuration of chaulmoogric-acid moiety of compounds 3 and 5. Biological assays revealed that compounds 1-5 significantly inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) growth with MIC values of 5.54, 16.70, 4.38, 9.82, and 16.80 microM, respectively. Compound 3 was found to inhibit the pathway between chorismate and para-aminobenzoic acid (pAba) with a MIC value of 11.3 microM, representing a new example of pAba inhibitor isolated from a natural source. All compounds were not toxic to Candida albicans SC5314 at a concentration up to 100 microM.

The phytochemical investigation of Dipteronia dyeriana (Aceraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of three new cycloheximide derivatives: dipteronines A-C (1-3). Their structures were elucidated based on the 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. Dipteronine A (1) is the first example of it 10,11-secocycloheximide. Cytotoxic and antifungal activities of these isolates were also evaluated.

Two new compounds hastatusides A and B (1 and 2, resp.), together with five known compounds, resveratrol, rumeroside, torachrysone-8-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside, rutin, nepodin, and orientaloside were isolated form the roots of Rumex hastatus. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.

The phytochemical investigation of Dipteronia dyeriana (Aceraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of five new triterpenoid ester saponins, dipterosides A-E (1-5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. The inhibitory activities of these compounds against human leukemia K562 and human hepatoma HepG2 cells were also evaluated.

Five new triterpenoids, serrulatins A-E (1-5), including two new artifacts, together with ten known serrulatins, were isolated from the edible leaves of Photinia serrulata after extraction and purification. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR experiments. Compounds I and 3 are unusual ursolic triterpenoids characterized by the occurrence of a C(13)=C(18) bond.

Two new iridoid alkaloids, daphmacropodosidines A (1) and B (2), together with two known ones, daphcalycinosidine B and caldaphnidine F, were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum maropodum. Their structures were established by spectral methods, especially 2D NMR spectra (H-1,H-1-COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY), as well as chemical means.

Four new alkaloids, daphnioldhanins D-G (1-4, resp.), together with five known alkaloids, daphmacropodine (5), secodaphniphylline (6), deoxycalyciphylline B (7), deoxyisocalyciphylline B (8), and daphmanidin A (9), were isolated from the roots of Daphniphyllum oldhami. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Compound 1 at 2.0 microM showed potent antioxidant activity against H(2)O(2)-induced impairment in PC12 cells.

A novel bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone, glochicoccin A (1), and three new norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, glochicoccins B-D (2-4), together with two known norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, phyllaemblic acid (5) and phyllaemblic acid methyl ester (6), were isolated from the rhizomes of Glochidion coccineum. Their structures were elucidated by different spectroscopic (IR, UV, NMR) and mass-spectrometric (MS) techniques. The structure and relative configuration of I was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Fig. 2). None of the compounds were found to exhibit cytotoxic or antioxidant activities.

Nudibaccatumins A (Ia) and B (Ib) are evaluated for their XO inhibitory activity without showing a significant effect.

A new and efficient total synthesis has been developed to obtain plagiochin G (22), a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl, and four derivatives. The key 16-membered ring containing biphenyl ether and biaryl units was closed via an intramolecular SNAr reaction. All synthesized macrocyclic bisbibenzyls inhibited Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells and, thus, are potential cancer chemopreventive agents.

Three new indole alkaloids, 11,12-de(methylenedioxy)danuphylline (1), methyl (2 beta,11 beta,12 beta,19 alpha)-6,7-didehydro-8,21-dioxo-11,21-cycloaspidospermidine-2-carboxylate (2), and (2 beta,5 beta)-aspidofractinin-16-ol (3) were isolated from Kopsia officinalis, together with 16 known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The isolated known compound (-)-12-methoxykopsinaline displayed antimanic effects in Drosophila, with an IC50 value of 12.5 mu g/ml.

Three new akuamillan-type indole alkaloids, i.e., 5-methoxystrictamine (=methyl (5 beta,16R,19E)-5-methoxyakuammilan-17-oate; 1), methyl (16R,19E)-1,2-dihydro-16-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxoakuammilan-17-oate (2), and methyl (2 beta 16R,19E)-4,5-didehydro-1,2-dihydro-2-hydroxy-16-(hydroxymethyl)akuammilan-4-ium-17-oate chloride (3), have been isolated from the leaves of Alstonia scholaris, together with ten known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. None of the constituents showed significant cytotoxic activity towards WT cells.

The isolation and structure elucidation of a novel alkaloid, namely of the 14-O-ethyl-substituted (3 alpha,14 alpha,16 alpha)-2,7-secoeburnamine derivative 1 from the leaf of Melodinus henryi is reported. Ten known alkaloids were also isolated. Their structures were determined spectroscopically. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity.

Psychotriasine was isolated from the leaves of Psychotria calocarpa (Rubiaceae) The structure was established by spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR analysis To the best of our knowledge, psychotriasine is the first example of a dimeric tryptamine-related alkaloid that contains a free N(alpha)-methyliryptamine unit in the molecule

Two novel alkaloids, trigonoine A containing a 2,8-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system and trigonoine B formed by a combination of a 2,3-dihydroquinolin-4-one and 3H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]quinoline rearranged from B-carboline skeleton were isolated from the leaves of Trigonostemon lii. Their structures were elucidated by 10 and 20 NMR spectroscopic methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

isolation and structure elucidation of a new tirucallane-type triterpenoid, alianthusaltinin A (I), and one new C29sterone, alianthaltone A (II), along with numerous known compounds

Two new dimeric lignans, zanthpodocarpins A (Ia) and B (Ib), are isolated along with a series of known lignans from the title plant bark.

Psychotriasine(I), composed of two tryptamine-related moieties containing one indoline and one 1H-indole chromophore, represents the first example of a dimeric tryptamine-related alkaloid that contains a free N-methyltryptamine unit in the molecule.

Palhinine A, a novel C(16)N-type Lycopodium alkaloid with a unique 5/6/6/9 tetracyclic ring system, was isolated from the whole plant of Palhinhaea cernua L. (Lycopodiaceae). Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using the Flack parameter. Palhinine A is reported as the first example of Lycopodium alkaloids of which C-16 is fused to a new ring through a C-16 C-4 lingkage.

Three new humulane-type sesquiterpenes, 8-O-(p-coumaroyl)-5beta-hydroperoxy-1(10)E,4(15)-humuladien-8alpha-ol (1), 8-O-(3-nitro-p-coumaroyl)-1(10)E,4(15)-humuladien-5beta,8alpha-diol (2) and 8-O-(p-coumaroyl)-1(10)E,4(5)E-humuladien-8-ol (3), and a new copaborneol derivative, 1-O-p-coumaroyl-copaborneol (4), have been isolated from the methanol extract of Pileacavaleriei Levl. subsp. crenata C. J. Chen. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated.

The phytochemical investigation of Dipteronia dyeriana (Aceraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of three new cycloheximide derivatives: dipteronines A-C (1-3). Their structures were elucidated based on the 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. Dipteronine A (1) is the first example of it 10,11-secocycloheximide. Cytotoxic and antifungal activities of these isolates were also evaluated.

Lathyranone A (1), a novel diterpenoid with a rearrangement skeleton, along with a known diterpenoid, Euphorbia factor L-11 (2), was isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. A possible biosynthetic pathway for lathyranone A (1) was proposed.

Two novel alkaloids, daphlongeranines A (1) and B (2), with an unprecedented ring system, were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. Their unique structures and relative stereochemistries were established on the basis of spectroscopic and single-crystal diffraction analysis. The proposed biosynthetic pathway was also discussed. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak inhibition on platelet aggregation.

A novel bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone, glochicoccin A (1), and three new norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, glochicoccins B-D (2-4), together with two known norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, phyllaemblic acid (5) and phyllaemblic acid methyl ester (6), were isolated from the rhizomes of Glochidion coccineum. Their structures were elucidated by different spectroscopic (IR, UV, NMR) and mass-spectrometric (MS) techniques. The structure and relative configuration of I was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Fig. 2). None of the compounds were found to exhibit cytotoxic or antioxidant activities.