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Abstract Objectives We hope to offer a comprehensive understanding of the advancements and patterns in research on PND. Methods: We performed a thorough search on the Web of Science Core Collection to locate relevant studies published from 1969 to 2022 and utilized four distinct tools, namely VOSviewer (J Data Inf Sci, 2017, 2, 1; J Am Soc Inf Sci, 1973, 24, 265; Amer Doc, 1963, 14, 10 and Scientometrics, 2010, 82, 581), CiteSpace (Scientometrics, 2010, 84, 523), Scimago Graphica, and R‐bibliometrix which allowed us to examine various aspects. Results: We included a total of 6787 articles and reviews for analysis which described PND research, the sources, and the subfields; highlighted the significant developments in this field; identified three main directions in PND.Conclusion: This study highlights the rapid growth of research on PND in recent years and provided an overview of previous studies in the field of PND, thereby establishing the overall landscape of PND research and identifying potential avenues for future investigations. Methods We performed a thorough search on the Web of Science Core Collection to locate relevant studies published from 1969 to 2022. To perform bibliometric analysis and network visualization, we utilized four distinct tools, namely VOSviewer (J Data Inf Sci, 2017, 2, 1; J Am Soc Inf Sci, 1973, 24, 265; Amer Doc, 1963, 14, 10 and Scientometrics, 2010, 82, 581), CiteSpace (Scientometrics, 2010, 84, 523), Scimago Graphica, and R‐bibliometrix. These tools allowed us to examine various aspects, including the yearly publication output, the contribution of different countries or regions, the involvement of active journals, co‐citation analysis, publication status, keywords, and terms, as well as scientific categories. We hope to offer a comprehensive understanding of the advancements and patterns in research on PND. The insights gained from this study can assist researchers and clinicians in enhancing the management and implementation of their work in this field. Results In this study, we included a total of 6787 articles and reviews for analysis. First, publication trends and contribution by country analysis described PND research. Second, a historical analysis described PND research, the sources, and the subfields. Third, an analysis of keywords highlighted the significant developments in this field. Fourth, an analysis of research themes identified three main directions in PND. Conclusion In summary, the research volume exhibits exponential growth over time. Furthermore, the majority of contributions originate from Western countries and China. The interdisciplinary nature of the field is evident, with its roots in biology and medicine and further branching into psychology and social sciences. POCD, delirium‐predominant associated clinical management were major research themes about PND.

Abstract Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is considered a physical and mental illness. A variety of potential associations between gut microbiota and health or disease have been found. By comparing the gut microbiota of healthy controls and ED patients, our study investigated the relationship between ED and gut microbiota. The results revealed that the ED group exhibited a significantly higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Escherichia‐Shigella and Megamonas, while showing a significantly lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium compared to the control group. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota played a role in the onset and progression of ED by influencing the gut barrier, cardiovascular system and mental health, which provided a novel perspective on understanding the pathophysiology of ED. What is more, we had identified several key gut microbiota. By combining 16S rRNA sequencing with machine learning techniques, we were able to uncover the significant value and impact of gut microbiota in the early detection of ED.

Abstract There is growing production for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to satisfy the booming development renewable energy storage systems. Meanwhile, amounts of spent LIBs have been generated and will become more soon. Therefore, the proper disposal of these spent LIBs is of significant importance. Graphite is the dominant anode in most commercial LIBs. This review specifically focuses on the recent advances in the recycling of graphite anode (GA) from spent LIBs. It covers the significance of GA recycling from spent LIBs, the introduction of the GA aging mechanisms in LIBs, the summary of the developed GA recovery strategies, and the highlight of reclaimed GA for potential applications. In addition, the prospect related to the future challenges of GA recycling is given at the end. It is expected that this review will provide practical guidance for researchers engaged in the field of spent LIBs recycling.

Despite the well-known health benefits of Grifola frondosa, there is a lack of understanding regarding the potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of different varieties when fermented with wheat grains. We aimed to explore the potential of G. frondosa-fermented wheat flour as a functional food. Three varieties of G. frondosa (GFA, GFB, and GFC) were fermented with wheat grains for solid-state fermentation. Polysaccharides were extracted and analyzed for total sugar content, monosaccharide composition, Mw profile, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory properties. Results were evaluated using HPLC, DPPH assay, MTS assay, Griess reagent, and ELISA method. Our study found variations in three different varieties of G. frondosa-fermented wheat polysaccharides. Glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. Each variety had a different molecular weight distribution, with GFA-wheat mainly present in fraction II, GFB-wheat in fraction I, and GFC-wheat in fraction III. At a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, GFA-wheat and GFB-wheat polysaccharides increased DPPH scavenging ability by 76.8% and 58.7%, respectively. The polysaccharides showed no apparent toxic effect and enhanced the production of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 246.7 macrophages. GFB-wheat polysaccharides demonstrated remarkable immunomodulatory properties at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. Our study provides a theoretical basis for using G. frondosa in wheat staple agricultural products to improve human health.

The purpose of participating in sports is to enhance physical fitness and promote physical and mental health. The occurrence of sports injuries will cause physical and mental injuries to athletes, especially the ankle joint injuries that often occur. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of athletes’ ankle injuries. This article aims at studying the significance of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing for the rehabilitation of sports-induced ankle joint injuries and introduces the concepts of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing and ankle joint injuries. This article proposes how to use comprehensive rehabilitation nursing to recover ankle injuries caused by sports based on smart medical care. In the experiment of this article, it can be seen from Table 5 that the recovery speed of 5 athletes with ankle joint injuries before rehabilitation training was 8% (lowest) and 14% (highest). The recovery rate after rehabilitation care is up to 25%. It can be seen that comprehensive rehabilitation care is of great help to athletes with ankle injuries. As can be seen from Table 4, the number of ankle injuries in acute secondary injuries is 25, accounting for 33%, which is the highest; the number of contusions is 15, accounting for 21%, which is the lowest ratio, so it can be seen that the ankle joint injury in sports is the most serious. Therefore, the application of comprehensive rehabilitation care needs to be popularized, which is of great significance to ankle joint injuries. The ankle joint is one of the most easily sprained joints in the human body, not only because of the flexibility of the ankle joint, but also because of the anatomical characteristics of the ankle joint. The main cause of ankle injuries is inappropriate behavior in sports.

Objective. Microinflammation plays a crucial role in podocyte dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy, but its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. This study is aimed at discussing the mechanisms underlying the effect of miRNA-155 on podocyte injury to determine its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods. Cultured immortalized mouse podocytes and diabetic KK-Ay mice models were treated with a miR-155 inhibitor. Western blotting, real-time PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and Luciferase reporter assay were used to analyze markers of inflammation cytokines and podocyte injury. Results. miRNA-155 was found to be highly expressed in serum and kidney tissue of mice with diabetic nephropathy and in cultured podocytes, accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory factors. Inhibition of miRNA-155 can reduce proteinuria and ACR levels, diminish the secretion of inflammatory molecules, improve kidney function, inhibit podocyte foot fusion, and reverse renal pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy mice. Overexpression of miRNA-155 in vitro can increase inflammatory molecule production in podocytes and aggravates podocyte injury, while miRNA-155 inhibition suppresses inflammatory molecule production in podocytes and reduces podocyte injury. A luciferase assay confirmed that miRNA-155 could selectively bind to 3′-UTR of SIRT1, resulting in decreased SIRT1 expression. In addition, SIRT1 siRNA could offset SIRT1 upregulation and enhance inflammatory factor secretion in podocytes, induced by the miRNA-155 inhibitor. Conclusions. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that miRNA-155 inhibits podocyte inflammation and reduces podocyte injury through SIRT1 silencing. miRNA-155 suppression therapy may be useful for the management of diabetic nephropathy.

Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) is a powerful metaheuristic for global optimization. This paper studies parallelizing CLPSO by open computing language (OpenCL) on the integrated Intel HD Graphics 520 (IHDG520) graphical processing unit (GPU) with a low clock rate. We implement a coarse-grained all-GPU model that maps each particle to a separate work item. Two enhancement strategies, namely, generating and transferring random numbers from the central processor to the GPU as well as reducing the number of instructions in the kernel, are proposed to shorten the model’s execution time. This paper further investigates parallelizing deterministic optimization for implicit stochastic optimization of China’s Xiaowan Reservoir. The deterministic optimization is performed on an ensemble of 62 years’ historical inflow records with monthly time steps, is solved by CLPSO, and is parallelized by a coarse-grained multipopulation model extended from the all-GPU model. The multipopulation model involves a large number of work items. Because of the capacity limit for a buffer transferring data from the central processor to the GPU and the size of the global memory region, the random number generation strategy is modified by generating a small number of random numbers that can be flexibly exploited by the large number of work items. Experiments conducted on various benchmark functions and the case study demonstrate that our proposed all-GPU and multipopulation parallelization models are appropriate; and the multipopulation model achieves the consumption of significantly less execution time than the corresponding sequential model.

Purpose. To compare ocular anatomy differences of lens subluxation between eyes with or without acute angle closure (AAC). Methods. This is a retrospective and case-control study. Sixty cases with mild lens subluxation were recruited. Among them, 30 eyes with acute angle closure were assigned to the AAC group and 30 eyes without AAC were assigned to the non-AAC group. The anterior segment was quantitatively evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The axial length (AL) was measured with IOL Master. All patients underwent lens extraction surgery and were followed up for six months. Results. The history of blunt trauma accounted for 22 (73.3%) cases in the AAC group and 21 (70%) cases in the non-AAC group. Fifteen (50%) patients in the AAC group had iridotomy history, and high intraocular pressure recurred. The UBM analysis showed that the average central chamber depth of the affected eyes in the AAC group was 1.82 mm, which was significantly shallower than that in the fellow eyes (2.58 mm, P

In this study, freeze vacuum drying (FVD), hot air drying (AD), and FVD combined with AD (FVD-AD) were used to dry kiwifruits. Dried products were analyzed comprehensively on their sensory quality, active components, moisture mobility, odors, and microstructure. Results showed that the FVD-AD saved time by 38.22% compared with FVD while maintaining an acceptable product quality. The antioxidant properties of FVD-AD were lower than those of FVD but significantly higher than those of AD. Moreover, compared with FVD products, FVD-AD products were moderately hard (5252.71 ± 33.53 g) and improved in color, bound water, and microstructure. Additionally, FVD-AD consumed lesser drying time and energy than FD. According to cluster analysis, the odors of FVD-AD products were similar to those of the fresh ones. Principal component analysis of physicochemical and drying cost indicated that FVD-AD was a promising processing technique for functional kiwifruit snacks.

Objective. Once-weekly PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is the sole long-acting GH formulation available currently for pediatric patients with GH deficiency (GHD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEGylated rhGH therapy compared to daily rhGH therapy in GHD children treated for two years. Methods. A total of 98 children (49 children for the PEGylated rhGH group and 49 children for the daily rhGH group) with GHD were enrolled in this single-center, prospective, nonrandomized cohort study. PEGylated rhGH or daily rhGH was administered for 2 years. Height, height SDS, height velocity (HV), IGF-1, bone age (BA), and adverse events were determined throughout the treatment. Results. HV significantly increased over the baseline and was similar in both groups. In the PEGylated rhGH cohort, the mean ± SD HV was improved from 3.78 ± 0.78 cm/y at the baseline to 12.44 ± 3.80 cm/y at month 3, to 11.50 ± 3.01 cm/y at month 6, to 11.00 ± 2.32 cm/y at month 12, and finally 10.08 ± 2.12 cm/y at month 24 in the PEGylated rhGH group. In the daily rhGH group, HV was 3.36 ± 1.00 cm/y at baseline, increasing to 12.56 ± 3.71 cm/y at month 3, to 11.82 ± 2.63 cm/y at month 6, to 10.46 ± 1.78 cm/y at month 12, and to 9.28 ± 1.22 cm/y at month 24. No serious adverse event related to PEGylated rhGH or daily rhGH occurred during the 24-month study. Conclusion. PEGylated rhGH replacement therapy is effective and safe in pediatric patients with GHD. The adherence to once-weekly PEGylated rhGH therapy is superior to daily rhGH in children with GHD.

BackgroundAutonomic modification through catheter ablation of ganglionated plexi (GPs) in the left atrium has been reported previously as a treatment for vasovagal syncope. This study aimed to observe the long‐term outcome in a larger cohort. Methods and ResultsA total of 57 consecutive patients (aged 43.2±13.4 years; 35 women) with refractory vasovagal syncope were enrolled, and high‐frequency stimulation and anatomically guided GP ablation were performed in 10 and 47 cases, respectively. A total of 127 GP sites with positive vagal response were successfully elicited and ablated, including 52 left superior, 19 left lateral, 18 left inferior, 27 right anterior, and 11 right inferior GPs. During follow‐up of 36.4±22.2 months (range 12–102 months), 52 patients (91.2%) remained free from syncope. Prodromes recurred in 16 patients. No statistical differences were found between the high‐frequency stimulation and anatomically guided ablation groups in either freedom from syncope (100% versus 89.4%, P=0.348) or recurrent prodromes (50% versus 76.6%, P=0.167). The deceleration capacity, heart rate, and heart rate variability measurements demonstrated a reduced vagal tone lasting for at least 12 months after the procedure, with improved tolerance of repeated head‐up tilt testing. No complications were observed except for transient sinus tachycardia that occurred in 1 patient. ConclusionsLeft atrial GP ablation showed excellent long‐term clinical outcomes and might be considered as a therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic vasovagal syncope.