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Abstract Accurate and stable short‐term passenger flow prediction is an indispensable part of current intelligent transportation systems. This paper proposes two deep learning prediction models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short‐term memory neural network (LSTM). Combining the CNN characteristics and the LSTM, the ConvXD‐LSTM extracts passenger flow features through CNN and then inputs the time series into the LSTM. The ConvLSTM converts the weight calculation of the LSTM into convolution operation to realize short‐term passenger flow prediction. Fuzhou Metro Line 1 passenger flow data was used for verification. The models were used to predict the passenger flow of subway stations and cross‐sections and compared with the traditional prediction models. In terms of prediction accuracy, ConvLSTM has the highest accuracy, followed by ConvXD‐LSTM. In terms of running time, ConvXD is the fastest and LSTM takes the longest. ConvXD‐LSTM and ConvLSTM are in the middle of the two models, achieving a good balance between accuracy and efficiency. Compared with ConvXD‐LSTM, ConvLSTM has a relatively simple network structure, which reduces the computational burden and improves the prediction accuracy.

Abstract Intense ultraviolet (UV) exposure can cause phototoxic reactions, such as skin inflammation, resulting in injury. UV is a direct cause of DNA damage, but the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation within cells after DNA damage are unclear. The bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome sequencing data from UV‐irradiated and non‐UV‐irradiated skin showed that transcription‐related proteins, such as HSF4 and COIL, mediate cellular response to UV irradiation. HSF4 and COIL can form a complex under UV irradiation, and the preference for binding target genes changed because of the presence of a large number of R‐loops in cells under UV irradiation and the ability of COIL to recognize R‐loops. The regulation of target genes was altered by the HSF4–COIL complex, and the expression of inflammation and ageing‐related genes, such as Atg7, Tfpi, and Lims1, was enhanced. A drug screen was performed for the recognition sites of COIL and R‐loop. N6‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐adenosine can competitively bind COIL and inhibit the binding of COIL to the R‐loop. Thus, the activation of downstream inflammation‐related genes and inflammatory skin injury was inhibited.

Abstract Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the poor outcome and higher mortality after myocardial infarction. Recent studies have revealed that miR‐199a‐5p participates in the process of myocardial I/R injury, but the precise roles and molecular mechanisms of miR‐199a‐5p in myocardial I/R injury remain not well‐studied. Ferroptosis has been proposed to promote cardiomyocyte death, closely associated with myocardial I/R injury. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the function and mechanisms by which miR‐199a‐5p regulates whether miR‐199a‐5p contributes to ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, an in vitro model of myocardial I/R injury focusing on Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. The results found that ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death occurs and is accompanied by an increase in miR‐199a‐5p level in OGD/R‐treated H9c2 cells. MiR‐199a‐5p inhibitor ameliorated ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death as evidenced by the increased cell viability, the reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ contents, and the up‐regulated glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio as well as glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) protein expression in H9c2 cells‐exposed to OGD/R, while miR‐199a‐5p mimic had the opposite effects. In addition, OGD/R led to the inhibition of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, which was also blocked by miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor and aggravated by miR‐199a‐5p mimic. Furthermore, LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, abrogated miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor‐induced the reduction of ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death. In summary, our findings demonstrated that miR‐199a‐5p plays a central role in stimulating ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death during ischemic/hypoxic injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.

Facial emotion expressions are among the most potent, natural, and powerful means of human communication. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions worldwide are forced to switch rapidly to remote and online learning. Students are currently in an emergency state and must adapt to various and readily accessible learning methods, such as mobile learning applications or an e-learning system. A systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to extract and synthesize information such as the emotion classifier used in the facial expression recognition (FER) system, the dataset used, the preprocessing technique applied, the feature extraction approach used, and the strength and limitation of the previous studies. Based on the search criteria, 701 publications were initially retrieved from five different digital databases, of which 48 studies have been chosen as primary studies for further analysis. Based on the findings of this study, the deep learning approach is the most frequently adopted approach in classifying student emotions during online learning. FER-2013 is the most commonly used FER dataset in FER studies, while DAiSEE is the most used academic emotion dataset. Moreover, support vector machine (SVM) is the conventional learning emotion classifier that is widely used in the FER systems, while convolutional neural network (CNN) is the most frequently used deep learning classifier. Next, it was found that the number of real-time FER systems is less than that of non-real-time FER systems. Finally, the top-1 accuracy of 94.6% was achieved by the long-term recurrent convolutional network on the academic emotion dataset, and the limitation is that it has low illumination and a lack of frontal pose.

Abstract Background Direct moxibustion (DM) is reported to be useful for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), but the analgesic mechanism remains unknown. Autophagy plays a protective role in neuronal apoptosis, Act A/Smads signaling pathway has been confirmed to be associated with the activation of autophagy. The study aimed to explore the effect of DM on autophagy in rats with CSR and the involvement of Act A/Smads signaling pathway. Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham, CSR, CSR + DM, CSR + DM + 3‐MA (PI3K inhibitor), and CSR + DM + SB (Act A inhibitor) group. Three days after establishment of CSR model with a fish line inserted under the axilla of the nerve roots, DM at Dazhui (GV14) was performed six times once for seven consecutive days. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of the neuronal autophagy molecule LC3II/I, Atg7, and Act A/Smads signaling molecule Act A, p‐Smad2, and p‐Smad3. Bcl‐2/Bax mRNA expression was measured by real time PCR. Results DM improved the pain threshold and motor function of CSR rats and promoted the expression of Act A, p‐Smad2, p‐Smad3, LC3II/I, and Atg7 in the entrapped‐nerve root spinal dorsal horn. DM reduced the expression of Bax mRNA and decreased the number of apoptotic neurons. 3‐MA and Act A inhibitor SB suppressed the expression of above‐mentioned proteins and reduced the protective effect of DM on apoptotic neurons. Conclusion DM exerts analgesic effects by regulating the autophagy to reduce cell apoptosis and repair nerve injury, and this feature may be related to the Act A/Smads signaling pathway.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Studies have identified breast density as a controversial risk factor of breast cancer. Moreover, studies found that breast density reduction through Tamoxifen could reduce risk of breast cancer significantly. To date, no study on the association between breast density and breast cancer has been carried out in Malaysia. If breast density is proven to be a risk factor of breast cancer, intervention could be carried out to reduce breast cancer risk through breast density reduction. Purpose To determine if density of breast is an independent risk factor which will contribute to development of breast cancer. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study is carried out in two hospitals targeting adult female patients who presented to the Breast Clinic with symptoms suspicious of breast cancer. Participants recruited were investigated for breast cancer based on their symptoms. Breast density assessed from mammogram was correlated with tissue biopsy results and final diagnosis of benign or malignant breast disease. Results Participants with dense breasts showed 29% increased risk of breast cancer when compared to those with almost entirely fatty breasts (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 0.38‐4.44, P = .683). Among the postmenopausal women, those with dense breasts were 3.1 times more likely to develop breast cancer compared with those with fatty breasts (OR 3.125, 95% CI 0.72‐13.64, P = .13). Moreover, the chance of developing breast cancer increases with age (OR 1.046, 95% CI 1.003‐1.090, P

Abstract Polypeptide sequences enriched with proline (P), glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D) and serine (S)/ threonine (T) (PEST) have been reported to be the most abundant and frequently distributed at the cellular level. There is growing evidence that PEST sequences act as proteolytic recognition signals for degradation of residual proteins which is critical for activation or deactivation of regulatory proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways of cell growth, differentiation, stress responses and physiological death. A PEST containing nuclear protein (PCNP) was demonstrated as a tumor suppressor in a neuroblastoma cancer model and tumor promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cancer model. Its unique properties like ubiquitination by NIRF, co‐localization with NIRF in nucleus and tumor progression attract the attention of researchers. PCNP was reported to be ubiquitinated by ring finger protein NIRF in E3 ligase manner and as modulator of MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize PCNP linked DNA damage response, Post translational modifications, and transportation to address initiation, prognosis, and resistance of tumor cells in terms of cell cycle regulation, transcription and apoptosis. Hence, we demonstrate PCNP as a novel target in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

This study was designed to establish a modified prediction score system to improve the safety and success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC). We recruited 406 patients (between January 2012 and December 2016) and generated a modified score system in predicting the success rate of VBAC. All patients were required to sign informed consent forms. There were 87.2% of patients who had successful VBAC deliveries and 12.8% patients who had repeated cesarean sections. We conducted multivariable logistic regression and found seven variables that were associated with VBAC success, including previous primary indication of cesarean delivery (odds ratio (OR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–3.0), previous vaginal birth history (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8–3.8),

Background. Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a severe mechanical complication secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a dreadful prognosis. The goal of our study was to evaluate the mortality and to identify the predictors of mortality for this population. Methods. From June 2012 to July 2021, patients with VSR secondary to AMI were initially screened for eligibility in this study. The potential risk predictors were determined using appropriate logistic regression models. Results. In this retrospective study, a total of 50 cases were included, and 14 patients survived and got discharged successfully. Univariable analyses indicated that the heart rate (HR), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils count, serum glucose, serum creatinine, serum lactic acid, and the closure of rupture were significantly associated with mortality among these special populations. Conclusion. This study found that such high mortality in patients with VSR after AMI was significantly correlated with these risk factors representing sympathetic excitation and large infarct size. Coronary revascularization combined with the closure of rupture might be helpful in improving their prognosis.

Abstract As the world decides on the next giant step for the renewable energy revolution, scientists have begun to reinforce their headlong dives into the exploitation of solar energy. Hitherto, numerous attempts are made to imitate the natural photosynthesis of plants by converting solar energy into chemical fuels which resembles the “Z‐scheme” process. A recreation of this system is witnessed in artificial Z‐scheme photocatalytic water splitting to generate hydrogen (H2). This work outlines the recent significant implication of the Z‐scheme system in photocatalytic water splitting, particularly in the role of electron mediator and the key factors that improve the photocatalytic performance. The Review begins with the fundamental rationales in Z‐scheme water splitting, followed by a survey on the development roadmap of three different generations of Z‐scheme system: 1) PS‐A/D‐PS (first generation), 2) PS‐C‐PS (second generation), and 3) PS‐PS (third generation). Focus is also placed on the scaling up of the “leaf‐to‐tree” challenge of Z‐scheme water splitting system, which is also known as Z‐scheme photocatalyst sheet. A detailed investigation of the Z‐scheme system for achieving H2 evolution from past to present accompanied with in‐depth discussion on the key challenges in the area of Z‐scheme photocatalytic water splitting are provided.

To realise wide-band stealth of radar absorbing material, a special-shaped honeycomb radar absorbing structure within nested cone-shaped scattering configuration is designed. Based on the HS theory and the impedance matching design, the rule about the influence of the geometry parameter and electromagnetic parameter on the absorbing performance is analysed. In addition, the reflectivity performance is analysed on the condition of oblique incidence angles. By optimising the geometry parameters of the special-shaped honeycomb structure and designing the multilayer composite structure based on impedance matching theory, the results indicate that the two absorbing peaks can be formed for the special-shaped honeycomb radar absorbing structure, and the reflectivity is improved for both the vertical and oblique incidence angles.

The neutrophil is the major phagocyte and the final effector cell of the innate immunity, with a primary role in the clearance of extracellular pathogens. Using the broad array of cytokines, extracellular traps, and effector molecules as the humoral arm, neutrophils play a crucial role in the host defense against pathogen infections. On the other hand, the pathogen has the capacity to overcome neutrophil-mediated host defense to establish infection causing human disease. Pathogens, such as S. aureus, have the potential to thwart neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis and thereby succeed in evading killing by neutrophils. Furthermore, S. aureus surviving within neutrophils promotes neutrophil cytolysis, resulting in the release of host-derived molecules that promote local inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill the extracellular pathogens and how pathogens evade neutrophils degradation. This review will provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel therapies against infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens.