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Rivaroxaban is a popular direct factor Xa inhibitor used for anticoagulation therapy in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The aim of this study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for rivaroxaban in elderly Chinese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, evaluate precision dosing regimens, and analyze hemorrhagic risk after rivaroxaban treatment. A 1-compartment population PK model with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total bilirubin (TBIL), and ABCB1 rs1045642 as major covariates for apparent clearance was developed using the nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM). A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate various dosing schemes and different levels of covariates for the target range of therapeutic drug-monitoring concentrations (C

Hemorrhage events occur most frequently in anticoagulant therapy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Rivaroxaban is used widely for routine anticoagulation care. Genetic polymorphisms are thought to contribute to the wide intraindividual variability seen in rivaroxaban metabolism and the anticoagulant response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drug transport related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on rivaroxaban metabolism and on the risk of a hemorrhage event. A total of 216 Chinese patients with NVAF were enrolled in the study. Rivaroxaban was used for anticoagulation therapy. Rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were detected using a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Seven SNPs in four genes were genotyped using the Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing method. Associations between genotype variants, the incidence of hemorrhage events, and the time of bleeding were analyzed. ABCB1 2677G (rs2032582) variation was highly associated with the dose-adjusted rivaroxaban peak concentration in plasma (C

The structural characterization of sublayer surfaces of MIL-101 is reported by low-dose spherical aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The state-of-the-art microscopy directly images atomic/molecular configurations in thin crystals from charge density projections, and uncovers the structures of sublayer surfaces and their evolution to stable surfaces regulated by inorganic Cr3 (μ3 -O) trimers. This study provides compelling evidence of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) crystal growth via the assembly of sublayer surfaces and has important implications in understanding the crystal growth and surface-related properties of MOFs.

Harvesting energy directly in oceans by electrochemical devices is essential for driving underwater appliances such as underwater vehicles or detectors. Owing to the extreme undersea environment, it is important but difficult to use the devices with both a high energy density and power density simultaneously. Inspired by marine organisms that have switchable energy extraction modes (aerobic respiration for long-term living or anaerobic respiration to provide instantaneously high output power for fast movement), an auto-switchable dual-mode seawater energy extraction system is presented to provide high energy density and power density both by initiatively choosing different solutes in seawater as electron acceptors. With assistance from metal-organic frameworks, this device had a theoretical energy density of 3960 Wh kg-1 , and a high practical power density of 100±4 mW cm-2 with exceptional stability and low cost, making practical applications in seawater to be possible.

The glassy state of a two-dimensional (2D) Cd(2+) coordination polymer crystal was prepared by a solvent-free mechanical milling process. The glassy state retains the 2D structure of the crystalline material, albeit with significant distortion, as characterized by synchrotron X-ray analyses and solid-state multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. It transforms to its original crystal structure upon heating. Thus, reversible crystal-to-glass transformation is possible using our new processes. The glass state displays superior properties compared to the crystalline state; specifically, it shows anhydrous proton conductivity and a dielectric constant two orders of magnitude greater than the crystalline material. It also shows material flexibility and transparency.

The use of pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2 pydc) in the construction of Sr(II) and Sr(II) -M(II) (M=Co, Ni, Zn and Cu) coordination polymers is reported. Eight complexes, that is, [Sr(pydc)H2 O]n (1), [MSr(pydc)2 (H2 O)2 ]n (M=Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4)), [ZnSr(pydc)2 (H2 O)7 ]n ⋅4 nH2 O (5), [SrCu(pydc)2 ]n (6), [SrCu(pydc)2 (H2 O)3 ]n ⋅2 nH2 O (7), and [Cu3 Sr2 (pydc)4 (Hpydc)2 (H2 O)2 ]n (8), have been synthesized via dexterously choosing the appropriate strontium sources and transition metal salts, and rationally controlling the temperature of the reaction systems. Complexes 1, 2 (3, 4), 6, and 8 display four types of 3-D framework structures. Complexes 5 and 7 exhibit a 2-D network and a 1-D chain structure, respectively. The 2-D complex 7 can be reversibly transformed into 3-D compound 6 through temperature-induced solvent-mediated structural transformation. The luminescent property studies indicated that complex 1 shows a strong purple luminescent emission and 4 exhibits a strong violet luminescence emission. The magnetic properties of 2, 3, and 8 were also studied. Antiferromagnetic M(II) ⋅⋅⋅M(II) interactions were determined for these complexes.

The reaction of the aryl-oxide ligand H2L [H2L = N,N-bis(3, 5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine] with CuSO4 center dot 5H2O, CuCl2 center dot 2H2O, CuBr2, CdCl2 center dot 2.5H2O, and Cd(OAc)2 center dot 2H2O, respectively, under hydrothermal conditions gave the complexes [Cu(H2L1)2]center dot SO4 center dot 3CH3OH (1), [Cu2(H2L2)2Cl4] (2), [Cu2(H2L2)2Br4] (3), [Cd2(HL)2Cl2] (4), and [Cd2(L)2(CH3COOH)2]center dot H2L (5), where H2L1 [H2L1 = 2, 4-dimethyl-6-((pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl)phenol] and H2L2 [H2L2 = 2-(2, 4-dimethyl-6-((pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)-4, 6-dimethylphenol] were derived from the solvothermal in situ metal/ligand reactions. These complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, and X-ray diffraction. A low-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement for the solid sample of 2 revealed antiferromagnetic interactions between two central copper(II) atoms. The emission property studies for complexes 4 and 5 indicated strong luminescence emission. The reaction of the aryl-oxide ligand H2L [H2L = N,N-bis(3, 5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine] with CuSO4 center dot 5H2O, CuCl2 center dot 2H2O, CuBr2, CdCl2 center dot 2.5H2O, and Cd(OAc)2 center dot 2H2O, respectively, under hydrothermal conditions gave the complexes [Cu(H2L1)2]center dot SO4 center dot 3CH3OH (1), [Cu2(H2L2)2Cl4] (2), [Cu2(H2L2)2Br4] (3), [Cd2(HL)2Cl2] (4), and [Cd2(L)2(CH3COOH)2]center dot H2L (5), where H2L1 [H2L1 = 2, 4-dimethyl-6-((pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl)phenol] and H2L2 [H2L2 = 2-(2, 4-dimethyl-6-((pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)-4, 6-dimethylphenol] were derived from the solvothermal in situ metal/ligand reactions. These complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, and X-ray diffraction. A low-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement for the solid sample of 2 revealed antiferromagnetic interactions between two central copper(II) atoms. The emission property studies for complexes 4 and 5 indicated strong luminescence emission.