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To conduct a Food Literacy Evaluation Questionnaire Chinese Version (FLEQ-Ch) through a cross-cultural validation of the original questionnaire.This was an observational, cross-sectional study undertaken in two phases: (1) translation and cross-culture adaptation, and (2) psychometric evaluation.A total of 509 residents in Yangzhou City, China were enrolled in this study.A translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FLEQ in Chinese was developed. The psychometric characteristics of FLEQ-Ch were analyzed for internal consistency, content validity, construct validity and discriminant validity.The KMO value of the questionnaire was 0.901 and the approximate chi-square value of Bartlett's sphericity test was 8132.538. The ranges of the Cronbach's α coefficient and the test-retest coefficient of the total questionnaire and three dimensions were 0.869-0.955 and 0.941-0.952, respectively. The value of content validity index of the total questionnaire was 0.945. Construct validity: (1) Aggregation coefficient was between 0.828 and 0.955; (2) Discrimination coefficient was between 0.004 and 0.227; (3) Correlation coefficient between each factor was between 0.046 and 0.188; the correlation coefficient between each factor and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.419 to 0.788. Discriminant validity: the standardized factor loadings of all items on the corresponding factors were 0.75-0.96. The results of the model-fit indices showed RMSEA was 0.08 and GFI was 0.91.The FLEQ-Ch can effectively evaluate the food literacy of the general public in terms of foods planning and management, foods selection, and foods-making attitudes. It covers the four areas of food literacy, and shows good practicability and operability.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are critically implicated in ambient fine particulate matter (mean diameter < 2.5 μm; PM2.5 )-induced lung injury. Autophagy, playing a crucial role in various physiopathological conditions, modulates cellular homeostasis and stress adaptation. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin that exerts potent antioxidant effects on cardiopulmonary diseases. To date, the mechanisms by which resveratrol protects against PM2.5 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on PM2.5 -induced oxidative injury. The potential role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and autophagy in this progress was explored. Human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with PM2.5 and the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers were determined. The results showed that PM2.5 decreased cell viability and elevated the level of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species were increased by PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 also induced a significant increase of the inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. Meanwhile, PM2.5 triggered autophagy formation and alteration of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 pathway. Furthermore, human bronchial epithelial cells were co-treated with PM2.5 and resveratrol in the presence or absence of 3-methylamphetamine, an inhibitor of autophagic formation. It was revealed that resveratrol intervention abolished PM2.5 -induced oxidative injury partially through the suppression of autophagy deregulation. Findings from this study could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary intervention during PM2.5 exposure.

Biomass-derived porous carbon BPC-700, incorporating micropores and small mesopores, was prepared through pyrolysis of banana peel followed by activation with KOH. A high specific BET surface area (2741 m2 g-1 ), large specific pore volume (1.23 cm3 g-1 ), and well-controlled pore size distribution (0.6-5.0 nm) were obtained and up to 65 wt % sulfur content could be loaded into the pores of the BPC-700 sample. When the resultant C/S composite, BPC-700-S65, was used as the cathode of a Li-S battery, a large initial discharge capacity (ca. 1200 mAh g-1 ) was obtained, indicating a good sulfur utilization rate. An excellent discharge capacity (590 mAh g-1 ) was also achieved for BPC-700-S65 at the high current rate of 4 C (12.72 mA cm-2 ), showing its extremely high rate capability. A reversible capacity of about 570 mAh g-1 was achieved for BPC-700-S65 after 500 cycles at 1 C (3.18 mA cm-2 ), indicating an outstanding cycling stability.

A simple strategy for the reduction of graphene oxide by annealing was used to produce 3D hierarchically interconnected porous graphene (HIPG) samples. The optimized HIPG-900 sample possessing a specific surface area of 367.4 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 1.3 cm3 g−1 contains a large amount of sulfur (65.8 wt %) and improves the utilization of sulfur when used as the cathode of Li–S batteries. A high initial specific discharge capacity of 914.1 mAh g−1 and a specific capacity of 486.0 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles was obtained for HIPG-900/S composites at 1C. A high specific capacity of 467.2 and 162.4 mAh g−1 was obtained at a high rate of 10C with a Coulombic efficiency of over 90.0 % at the 1st and 500th cycle, respectively.