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3 results on '"Thomas J. Whitford"'

1. Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Structural Connectivity, and Schizophrenia

Author

Thomas J. Whitford, Marek Kubicki, and Martha E. Shenton

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

A fundamental tenet of the “disconnectivity” theories of schizophrenia is that the disorder is ultimately caused by abnormal communication between spatially disparate brain structures. Given that the white matter fasciculi represent the primary infrastructure for long distance communication in the brain, abnormalities in these fiber bundles have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that enables the visualization of white matter macrostructure in vivo, and which has provided unprecedented insight into the existence and nature of white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia. The paper begins with an overview of DTI and more commonly used diffusion metrics and moves on to a brief review of the schizophrenia literature. The functional implications of white matter abnormalities are considered, particularly with respect to myelin's role in modulating the transmission velocity of neural discharges. The paper concludes with a speculative hypothesis about the relationship between gray and white matter abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.

Published
2011
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2. Testing a neurophenomenological model of basic self disturbance in early psychosis

Author

Thomas J. Whitford, Danny Koren, Andrea Polari, Louis A. Sass, Kelly Allott, Barnaby Nelson, Jessica A. Hartmann, Patrick D. McGorry, Suzie Lavoie, Emily Li, Bradley N. Jack, Lukasz Gaweda, and Josef Parnas

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.medical_specialty, Disturbance (geology), business.industry, Early psychosis, medicine, Pshychiatric Mental Health, Letters to the Editor, Psychiatry, business, Schizophrenia spectrum
Published
2019

3. Brain maturation in adolescence: Concurrent changes in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology

Author

Stuart M. Grieve, Christopher J. Rennie, Leanne M. Williams, Thomas J. Whitford, Evian Gordon, and C. Richard Clark

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, White matter, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Neuropil, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child, Research Articles, Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Age Factors, Parietal lobe, Brain, Anatomy, Human brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Neuroscience, Neuroanatomy
Abstract

Adolescence to early adulthood is a period of dramatic transformation in the healthy human brain. However, the relationship between the concurrent structural and functional changes remains unclear. We investigated the impact of age on both neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in the same healthy subjects (n = 138) aged 10 to 30 years using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. MRI data were segmented into gray and white matter images and parcellated into large‐scale regions of interest. Absolute EEG power was quantified for each lobe for the slow‐wave, alpha and beta frequency bands. Gray matter volume was found to decrease across the age bracket in the frontal and parietal cortices, with the greatest change occurring in adolescence. EEG activity, particularly in the slow‐wave band, showed a similar curvilinear decline to gray matter volume in corresponding cortical regions. An inverse pattern of curvilinearly increasing white matter volume was observed in the parietal lobe. We suggest that the reduction in gray matter primarily reflects a reduction of neuropil, and that the corresponding elimination of active synapses is responsible for the observed reduction in EEG power. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2006

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