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Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an ideal candidate for next‐generation photovoltaic applications but face many challenges for their wider application, including uncontrolled fast crystallization, trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination, and inefficient charge transport. Herein, a multistage regulation (MSR) strategy for addressing these challenges is proposed via the introduction of fluorine‐rich small molecules with multiple active points (i.e., 1‐[Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl]‐ 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzene (TFSP)) into the precursor solution of the perovskite film. The addition of TFSP effectively delays and regulates the crystallization and growth process of the perovskite film for larger grains and fewer defects, and it effectively improves the coverage of self‐assembled molecules for efficient charge transport. The multiple active points of TFSP induce a strong binding affinity with uncoordinated defects in the perovskite film. Moreover, the high fluorine content of TFSP induces strong electronegativity to establish a high binding strength between the perovskite film and electron transport layer. Finally, PSCs prepared by the MSR strategy demonstrated an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.46% and maintained 91.16% of the initial PCE under nonpackaged air conditions and at a relative humidity of 45% after 3000 h.

Abstract Machine vision techniques are widely applied for object identification in daily life and industrial production, where images are captured and processed by sensors, memories, and processing units sequentially. Neuromorphic optoelectronic synapses, as a preferable option to promote the efficiency of image recognition, are hotly pursued in non‐ionizing radiation range, but rarely in ionizing radiation including X‐rays. Here, the study proposes an X‐ray optoelectronic synapse using amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) thin film. Boosted by the interfacial VO2+ defects and its slow neutralization rate, the enhanced electron tunneling process at metal/a‐Ga2O3 interface produces remarkable X‐ray‐induced post‐synaptic current, contributing to a sensitivity of 20.5, 64.3, 164.1 µC mGy−1 cm−2 for the 1st, 5th, and 10th excitation periods, respectively. Further, a 64 × 64 imaging sensor is constructed on a commercial amorphous Si (a‐Si) thin film transistor (TFT) array. The image contrast can be apparently improved under a series of X‐ray pulses due to an outstanding long‐term plasticity of the single pixel, which is beneficial to the subsequent image recognition and classification based on artificial neural network. The merits of large‐scale production ability and good compatibility with modern microelectronic techniques belonging to amorphous oxide semiconductors may promote the development of neuro‐inspired X‐ray imagers and corresponding machine vision systems.

Abstract As a typical failure phenomenon in transformers, sulfur corrosion has garnered significant attention in the field of high‐voltage engineering. Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) copper windings have been introduced to enhance sulfur corrosion resistance by slowing down intergranular corrosion. In this study, the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of the GBCD copper windings under various temperatures were experimentally and theoretically studied. Results show that GBCD can enhance the corrosion resistance of copper in liquid environments. With the increase in temperatures, the insulating properties of oil and papers in traditional copper windings experience notable degradation, while GBCD copper windings show more stable insulating behaviours. In addition, modelling of grain boundary energy indicates that the grain boundary structure of GBCD copper windings has a lower average interface energy of 0.170 eV/Å2. Calculations of reaction thermodynamics show that GBCD copper windings possess a higher failure temperature (135.2°C) and inhibition degree (activation energy) of the sulfur corrosion (32,557.62 J/mol), revealing the stability and enhanced sulfur corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.

Abstract Realizing spin transport between heavy metal and two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic materials at high Curie temperature (TC) is crucial to advanced spintronic information storage technology. Here, environmentally stable 2D nonlayered Fe3O4 nanosheets are successfully synthesized using a reproducible process and found that they exhibit vortex magnetic domains at room temperature. A Verwey phase transition temperature (TV) of ≈110 K is identified for ≈3 nm thick nanosheet through Raman characterization and spin Hall device measurement of the Pt/Fe3O4 bilayer. The anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio decreases near TV, while both the spin Hall magnetoresistance ratio and spin mixing conductance (Gr) increase at TV. As the temperature approaches 112 K, the anomalous Hall effect ratio tends to become zero. The maximum Gr reaches ≈5 × 1015 Ω−1m−2 due to the clean and flat interface between Pt and 2D nanosheet. The observed spin transport behavior in Pt/Fe3O4 spin Hall devices indicates that 2D Fe3O4 nanosheets possess potential for high‐power micro spintronic storage devices applications.

Abstract The issues of health assessment and lifespan prediction have always been prominent challenges in the large‐scale application of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). This paper reviews the multiscale modeling techniques and their applications in battery health analysis, including atomic scale computational chemistry, particle scale reaction simulations, electrode scale structural models, macroscale electrochemical models, and data‐driven models at the system level. Multiscale modeling offers a profound insight into material behavior and the aging process of batteries, thereby providing a valuable reference for both estimation and management strategies of battery state of health. To extend the battery lifespan, the utilization of artificial intelligence for material discovery and manufacturing process optimization, the implementation of end‐cloud collaborative battery management systems, and the design of a multiscale simulation integration platform are considered. A management framework aimed at extending battery life is further proposed. This framework offers a promising roadmap for addressing health analysis challenges in LIBs, ultimately leading to more reliable, efficient, and durable solutions for next‐generation batteries.

ABSTRACT Introduction Low body weight in patients with COPD is associated with a poor prognosis and more comorbidities. However, the impact of increased body weight in patients with COPD remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features of overweight patients with AECOPD. Methods In this multicenter cross‐sectional study, a total of 647 AECOPD patients were recruited. Finally, 269 normal weight and 162 overweight patients were included. Baseline characteristics and clinical and laboratory data were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to determine potential features, which were substituted into binary logistic regression to reveal overweight‐associated clinical features. The nomogram and its associated curves were established to visualize and verify the logistic regression model. Results Six potential overweight‐associated variables were selected by LASSO regression. Subsequently, a binary logistic regression model identified that the rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension and levels of lymphocytes (LYM)%, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were independent variables of overweight in AECOPD patients. The C‐index and AUC of the ROC curve of the nomogram were 0.671 and 0.666, respectively. The DCA curve revealed that the nomogram had more clinical benefits if the threshold was at a range of 0.22~0.78. Conclusions Collectively, we revealed that T2DM and hypertension were more common, and LYM% and ALT were higher in AECOPD patients with overweight than those with normal weight. The result suggests that AECOPD patients with overweight are at risk for additional comorbidities, potentially leading to worse outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Depression and chronic pain are significant contributors to the global burden of disease. Previous research has revealed complex relationships between these two conditions, which may be influenced by sleep quality. However, observational studies have limitations, including confounding factors and reverse causation. This study aims to explore the mediating effects of sleep on the relationship between depression and chronic pain using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We conducted a two‐step, two‐sample MR study using mediation analysis. We obtained major depressive disorder (MDD) Genome‐Wide Association Studdies (GWAS) data from Wray et al.’s GWAS meta‐analysis. Phenotypic data related to sleep were collected from the UK Biobank. Chronic pain data were obtained from the Finnish database. Results MR analysis revealed significant genetic associations between MDD and chronic localized pain [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–1.38, p = 2.52 × 10–7] as well as fibromyalgia (IVW: OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.34–3.52, p = .002). Genetic susceptibility for MDD was also associated with insomnia (IVW: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06–1.13, p = 3.57 × 10–8) and self‐reported short sleep duration (IVW: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06, p = .047). The mediating effects of insomnia and fibromyalgia on the pathway from depression to chronic regional pain were 1.04 and 1.03, respectively, with mediation proportions of 12.8% and 15.2%. Insomnia mediated the pathway between depression and fibromyalgia with an effect of 1.12, accounting for 15.2% of the total effect. Conclusion This two‐step MR analysis strengthens the evidence of genetic predictive associations between depression and chronic pain, highlighting the mediating roles of insomnia and short sleep duration. It further elucidates the specific roles of distinct sleep disorders, differentiating insomnia and short sleep duration from other sleep‐related phenotypes.

Abstract This letter, proposes and experimentally demonstrates a simple and efficient estimating method for high‐voltage floating field ring (FFR). Four rings in FFR are used to determine the influence of rings’ distance (d) on the voltage drops of the highest voltage to the third ring (Vn+1) and the third to the second ring (Vn). Then, two voltage curves (curves for Vn+1 and Vn) based on d are drawn. For a target breakdown voltage, by iterating between the curves for Vn+1 and Vn, the number of FFRs and corresponding distances can be found. Based on this method, an 8.0 kV PN diode with 111 FFRs is designed and fabricated. The measured breakdown voltage is 7840 V, which reaches 98% of the designed value. This method provides a simple and efficient design for high‐voltage SiC devices, especially for ultra‐high voltage applications where the number of rings exceeds dozens.

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a globally prevalent respiratory disease, and programmed cell death plays a pivotal role in the development of COPD. Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that may be associated with the progression of COPD. However, the expression and role of disulfidptosis‐related genes (DRGs) in COPD remain unclear. Methods The expression of DRGs was identified by analyzing RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) data in COPD. Further, COPD patients were classified into two subtypes by unsupervised cluster analysis to reveal their differences in gene expression and immune infiltration. Meanwhile, hub genes associated with disulfidptosis were screened by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Subsequently, the hub genes were validated experimentally in cells and animals. In addition, we screened potential therapeutic drugs through the hub genes. Results We identified two distinct molecular clusters and observed significant differences in immune cell populations between them. In addition, we screened nine hub genes, and experimental validation showed that CDC71, DOHH, PDAP1, and SLC25A39 were significantly upregulated in cigarette smoke‐induced COPD mouse lung tissues and bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B) treated with cigarette smoke extract. Finally, we predicted 10 potential small molecule drugs such as Atovaquone, Taurocholic acid, Latamoxef, and Methotrexate. Conclusion We highlighted the strong association between COPD and disulfidptosis, with DRGs demonstrating a discriminative capacity for COPD. Additionally, the expression of certain novel genes, including CDC71, DOHH, PDAP1, and SLC25A39, is linked to COPD and may aid in the diagnosis and assessment of this condition.

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 million deaths. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, and even cognitive impairment, which is associated with long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients with COVID‐19 have alterations in microbiota and their metabolites, particularly in the gut, which may be involved in the regulation of immune responses. Consumption of probiotics may alleviate the discomfort caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the pathophysiological process underlying the alleviation of COVID‐19‐related symptoms and complications by targeting the microbiota remains unclear. In the current study, we summarize the latest research and evidence on the COVID‐19 pandemic, together with symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 and vaccine use, with a focus on the relationship between microbiota alterations and COVID‐19‐related symptoms and vaccine use. This work provides evidence that probiotic‐based interventions may improve COVID‐19 symptoms by regulating gut microbiota and systemic immunity. Probiotics may also be used as adjuvants to improve vaccine efficacy.

Abstract Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID‐19 and the long‐lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in the evasion of the host's immune response and achieve immune evasion in SARS‐CoV‐2 systemic spreading, contribute to the virus's attack on the central nervous system (CNS). The pro‐inflammatory, pro‐coagulant, and immunomodulatory properties of EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation and cerebral thrombosis in COVID‐19. Additionally, EVs have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy in COVID‐19 due to their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted EVs are widely applied and evaluated in patients with COVID‐19 for their therapeutic effect, considering the limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of EVs in COVID‐19 neuropathology as carriers of SARS‐CoV‐2 or other pathogenic contents, as predictors of COVID‐19 neuropathology by transporting brain‐derived substances, and as therapeutic agents by delivering biotherapeutic substances or drugs. Understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the neuropathological aspects of COVID‐19 provides a comprehensive framework for developing, treating, and preventing central neuropathology and the severe consequences associated with the disease.

Objective Laminectomy has been widely used for intraspinal tumor resection. However, the tilted spinous process and narrow lateral laminae of the thoracic spine along with the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum of the lumbar spine pose certain problems for the laminae removal of the traditional laminectomy. We improved the laminectomy method with ultrasonic osteotome to treat thoracolumbar tumors and assessed its safety and superiority. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 86 patients with thoracolumbar (T4–L5) spinal tumors treated by resection, including 44 with the lamina removed using the traditional method and 42 with the lamina removed using the bone‐to‐bone ligament preserving (BLP) laminoplasty, which preserves the posterior ligament complex. Age, sex, and tumor size, location, and depth were compared between the two groups. The length of incision and bone window, time to remove the vertebral lamina, and epidural effusion volume were recorded at 2 weeks after surgery in the two groups. Postoperative reexamination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery was compared with preoperative MRI to assess the change in vertebral lamina displacement. Results There were no statistical differences in age, sex, and tumor size, depth, or location between the two groups. The BLP laminectomy did not increase the risk of dural, spinal cord, or nerve injuries. The difference between the incision and tumor length, as well as the difference between the bone window and tumor length in the BLP laminectomy group, were smaller than those in the traditional laminectomy group, and the BLP laminectomy took less time compared to that of the traditional laminectomy (p

Abstract Background Oncological care has been disrupted worldwide during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aimed to quantify the long‐term impact of the pandemic on cancer care utilization and to examine how this impact varied by sociodemographic and clinical factors in southwestern China, where the Dynamic Zero‐COVID Strategy was implemented. This strategy mainly included lockdowns, stringent testing, and travel restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID‐19. Method We identified 859,497 episodes of the utilization of cancer care from electronic medical records between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021, from the cancer center of a tertiary hospital serving an estimated population of 8.4 million in southwestern China. Changes in weekly utilization were evaluated via segmented Poisson regression across service categories, stratified by cancer type and sociodemographic factors. Results A sharp reduction in utilization of in‐person cancer services occurred during the first week of the pandemic outbreak in January 2020, followed by a quick rebound in February 2020. Although there were few COVID‐19 cases from March 2020 until this analysis, the recovery of most in‐person services was slow and remained incomplete as of March 31, 2021. The exceptions were outpatient radiation and surgery, which increased and exceeded pre‐pandemic levels, particularly among lung cancer patients; meanwhile, telemedicine utilization increased substantially after the onset of the pandemic. Care disruptions were most prominent for women, rural residents, uninsured, and breast cancer patients. Conclusions As of March 2021, despite few COVID‐19 cases, the COVID‐19 pandemic has had a strong and continuing impact on in‐person oncology care utilization in southwestern China under the Dynamic Zero‐COVID Strategy. Equitable and timely access to cancer care requires adjustment in strict policies for COVID‐19 prevention and control, as well as targeted remedies for the most vulnerable populations during and beyond the pandemic. Future studies should monitor the long‐term effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and response strategies on cancer care and outcomes.

The objective of this study is to minimize the overall transportation cost through the joint decision-making for air-cargo hub network design and fleet planning under the uncertain environment. This joint decision-making considers various factors, including hub location, node connectivity, fleet size, and flight frequency. It takes into account several uncertain parameters such as air-cargo demand and transportation cost in a realistic setting. We propose a mixed-integer programming model tailored to the characteristics of such problem, which utilizes interval numbers to address these challenges. This model aims to provide a robust scheme for the joint hub network design and the fleet planning in the uncertain environment. An improved probability-based interval ranking method is proposed to solve the model. This transformation converts the proposed model into an equivalent real-number one, simplifying the solving process. Then a hybrid heuristic algorithm, combining the advantages of Memory-Based Genetic Algorithm (MBGA) and Greedy Heuristic Procedure (GHP), is introduced to enhance the solving speed. Finally, the performance of our proposed model and algorithm is verified using real-world data from the Australian postal dataset. The results show that the proposed model reduces hub construction costs by 1.37% and fleet operational costs by 7.60%, respectively, as opposed to the use of traditional approaches. The computational time of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 28.4% and 36.5%, respectively, when compared to the use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm.

Abstract Chromatin accessibility sequencing has been widely used for uncovering genetic regulatory mechanisms and inferring gene regulatory networks. However, effectively integrating large‐scale chromatin accessibility datasets has posed a significant challenge. This is due to the lack of a comprehensive end‐to‐end solution, as many existing tools primarily emphasize data preprocessing and overlook downstream analyses. To bridge this gap, we have introduced cisDynet, a holistic solution that combines streamlined data preprocessing using Snakemake and R functions with advanced downstream analysis capabilities. cisDynet excels in conventional data analyses, encompassing peak statistics, peak annotation, differential analysis, motif enrichment analysis, and more. Additionally, it allows to perform sophisticated data exploration, such as tissue‐specific peak identification, time course data modeling, integration of RNA‐seq data to establish peak‐to‐gene associations, constructing regulatory networks, and conducting enrichment analysis of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) variants. As a proof of concept, we applied cisDynet to reanalyze comprehensive ATAC‐seq datasets across various tissues from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project. The analysis successfully delineated tissue‐specific open chromatin regions (OCRs), established connections between OCRs and target genes, and effectively linked these discoveries with 1861 GWAS variants. Furthermore, cisDynet was instrumental in dissecting the time course open chromatin data of mouse embryonic development, revealing the dynamic behavior of OCRs over developmental stages and identifying key transcription factors governing differentiation trajectories. In summary, cisDynet offers researchers a user‐friendly solution that minimizes the need for extensive coding, ensures the reproducibility of results, and greatly simplifies the exploration of epigenomic data.

Abstract In the past few years, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted great attention in both academic and industrial sectors due to their high energy storage efficiency, reliable stability, and eco‐friendly process. Flexible solid‐state SCs as one of the ongoing focuses for the development of wearable and portable electronics have become the most promising energy storage devices for the smart power system due to their high power density, fast electrochemical response, high efficiency on the charge‐discharge process, and excellent electrochemical stability. In this study, the recent progress in the electrodes and electrolytes used for approaching high‐performance of the all‐solid‐state flexible SCs is reviewed. We first introduce basic operational principles of various SCs. And then we overview the electrode materials including carbon materials, conducting polymers, transition metal oxides/chalcogenides/nitrides, MXenes, metal‐organic frameworks, covalent‐organic frameworks, and the polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes in different systems. Afterward, we summarize recent progress in the development of the all‐solid‐state flexible SCs and outlook for future research directions.

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regarded as vital regulatory factors in various cancers. However, the biological functions of circDNER in the paclitaxel (PTX) resistance of lung cancer remain largely unexplored. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to analyze circDNER, miR‐139‐5p, and ITGB8. Cell proliferation was assessed via colony formation and MTT assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to assess protein expression. The targeted interaction among circDNER, miR‐139‐5p, and ITGB8 were validated using dual‐luciferase reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Results Inhibition of circDNER reduced IC50 of PTX, inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in PTX‐resistant lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, circDNER sponged miR‐139‐5p to upregulate ITGB8 expression. Overexpression of miR‐139‐5p reversed the biological functions mediated by circDNER in PTX‐resistant lung cancer cells. MiR‐139‐5p overexpression suppressed PTX resistance and malignant behaviors of PTX‐resistant lung cancer cells, with ITGB8 elevation rescued the impacts. Moreover, we demonstrated that circDNER was upregulated in plasma exosomes from lung cancer patients. The plasma exosomes derived from these patients are the key factors enhancing the migration and invasion potential of lung cancer cells. Conclusion The circDNER mediated miR‐139‐5p/ITGB8 axis suppresses lung cancer progression. Our findings suggest that circDNER might act as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.

Abstract Bone injury caused changes to surrounding tissues, leading to a large number of osteoclasts appeared to clear the damaged bone tissue before bone regeneration. However, overactive osteoclasts will inhibit bone formation. In this study, we prepared methacrylylated gelatin (GelMA)‐based hydrogel to co‐crosslink with OP3‐4 peptide, a receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) binding agent, to achieve the slow release of OP3‐4 peptide to inhibit the activation of osteoclasts, thus preventing the long‐term existence of osteoclasts from affecting bone regeneration, and promoting osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, CXCL9 secreted by osteoblasts will bind to endogenous VEGF and inhibit vascularization, finally hinder bone formation. Thus, anti‐CXCL9 antibodies (A‐CXCL9) were also loaded in the hydrogel to neutralize excess CXCL9. The hydrogel slow released of OP3‐4 cyclic peptide and A‐CXCL9 to simultaneously inhibiting osteoclast activation and promoting vascularization, thereby accelerating the healing of femur defect. Further analysis of osteogenic protein expression and signal pathways showed that the hydrogel may be through activating the AKT‐RUNX2‐ALP pathway and ultimately promote osteogenic differentiation. This dual‐acting hydrogel can effectively prevent nonunion caused by low vascularization and provide long‐term support for the treatment of bone injury.

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite materials possess great potential applications for approaching efficient optoelectronics due to the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials and cost‐effective manufacturing possibilities of optoelectronics. However, the scientific and technical challenges of 3D perovskite materials were their inferior long‐term stability, which hampered their practical applications. The low‐dimensional perovskite materials composed of alternating organic and inorganic layers are one of the most credible paths toward stable perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. In this short review, we first present a discussion of the crystal structure and nontrivial optoelectronic properties of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites. The synthetic methods for the preparation of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites are reviewed. After that, we focus on the recent development of perovskite photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, and lasers by the low‐dimensional halide perovskites. Finally, we outline the challenges of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites and their applications.

Abstract Lithium metal battery (LMB) possessing a high theoretical capacity is a promising candidate of advanced energy storage devices. However, its safety and stability are challenged by lithium dendrites and the leakage of liquid electrolyte. Here, a self‐enhancing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is created by in situ polymerizing 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) in the nanofibrous skeleton for enabling safe LMB. The nanofiber membrane possesses a better affinity with poly‐DOL (PDOL) than commercial separator for constructing homogeneous GPE with enhanced ion conductivity. Furthermore, polydopamine is introduced on nanofiber membrane to form hydrogen bonding with PDOL and bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide anion, dramatically improving the mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and transference number of GPE. Besides, molecular dynamic simulation is used to reveal the intrinsic factors of high ionic conductivity and reinforcing effect in the meantime. Consequently, the LiFePO4//Li batteries using self‐enhancing GPE show extraordinary cyclic stability over 800 cycles under high current density of 2 C, with a capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle, effectively suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. This ingenious strategy is expected to manufacture advanced performance and high safety LMBs and compatible with the current battery production.

In view of the high gas pressure and low permeability of deep coal seam, it is difficult to control gas, which affects the safety production of coal mine. The technical scheme of hydraulic fracturing to improve the permeability of coal seam is put forward, and the gas drainage technology is used to control the gas emission of coal seam. The fracturing effect under different water pressure, different gradient fracturing times, and in situ stress is analyzed by using 3DEC (3-Dimensional Distinct Element Code) discrete element software. The simulation analysis and field verification results show that the coal seam gas pressure increases linearly with the buried depth. In situ stress characteristics and hydraulic strength are the key factors affecting the effect of hydraulic fracturing. The fracturing radius increases with the increase of flow. When the construction pressure of hydraulic fracturing test is 18 MPa, the distance between fracturing hole and drainage hole is 8.5 m. The actual measurement shows that after hydraulic fracturing and gas drainage, the maximum gas emission is reduced by 51%, and the average gas emission is reduced by 58%.

Abstract Background Glucocorticoid (GC) insensitivity is an important feature of severe and fatal asthma. Oxidative stress can induce phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activation, contributing to the development of GC insensitivity in chronic airway diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of PI3K in the pathogenesis of severe asthma remains unknown. Methods We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 34 participants (12 patients with mild/moderate asthma, 10 patients with severe asthma, and 12 control subjects). H2O2 was used to stimulate the human macrophage line U937 to mimic the oxidative stress status in severe asthma. The ability of candidate compounds, namely, azithromycin, PI3K inhibitors (BEZ235 and LY294002) and a p38 MAPK inhibitor (BIRB796), to ameliorate GC insensitivity in severe asthma was evaluated. Results PBMCs from patients with severe asthma exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent GC insensitivity, which correlated with reduced activity of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (p

Abstract High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a major form of ovarian epithelial tumor that is often diagnosed only at an advanced stage when it is already highly aggressive. We performed comprehensive genomic profiling using an analytically validated clinical next‐generation sequencing assay to identify genomic alterations in 450 cancer‐related genes in a cohort of 88 Chinese HGSOC patients. Overall, we detected 547 genomic alterations with an average of 6.2 alterations per tumor. Most of these HGSOC tumors had low tumor mutation burden and were microsatellite stable. Consistent with earlier studies, TP53 mutations were present in the majority (96.6%) of the tumors studied, and mutations in BRCA1/2 that affect DNA repair were also detected frequently in 20.5% of the tumors. However, we observed a 10.2% of mutated genes in the Ras/Raf pathway, all co‐occurring with TP53 mutations in the same tumor, which was unrecognized previously. Our results show that in HGSOC patients, there may be an unrecognized co‐occurrence of TP53 mutations with mutations in Ras/Raf pathway.

Coronin‐like actin‐binding protein 1C (CORO1C) is a member of the WD repeat protein family that regulates actin‐dependent processes by assembling F‐actin. CORO1C was previously reported to promote metastasis in breast cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we investigated the role of CORO1C in gastric cancer. Higher expression levels of CORO1C were detected in gastric cancer tissues as compared with normal gastric tissues. In addition, CORO1C levels were found to be positively correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients. The expression levels of CORO1C were higher in stage III‐IV gastric cancer patients (80.8%) than in stage I‐II gastric cancer patients(57.1%). Gastric cancer patients positive for CORO1C expression showed lower relapse‐free survival and overall survival rates. Knockdown of CORO1C dramatically suppressed total cell number, cell viability, cell colony formation, cell mitosis and cell metastasis, and promoted apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, cyclin D1 and vimentin were found to be positively regulated by CORO1C. As cyclin D1 and vimentin play an oncogenic role in gastric cancer, CORO1C may exert its tumor‐promoting activity through these proteins.

To accurately characterize the large deformation and nonlinear characteristics of airbags, the influence of cord parameters on vertical force characteristics was studied, and a finite-element simulation model of airbags based on gas-solid coupling was established. First, uniaxial tension and compression experiments with airbag under different initial pressures were carried out to analyse the effects of the initial pressure and working height on the mechanical properties of the airbag. Second, the validity of the model was verified by the test data of the vertical force and cavity pressure of the airbag. Finally, based on the gas-solid coupling model proposed, the influence of the cord parameters on the vertical force characteristics was studied. The results show that the vertical force characteristics of an airbag are different between compression and tension and the nonlinear characteristic of the airbag becomes more obvious with the increase in the displacement in compression. After comparing the effects of cord parameters on the vertical force of the airbag, we can conclude that the number of cord layers has the most significant effect on the vertical force, followed by the cord diameter, while other cord parameters have a general effect. Under the same compression and tension displacements (d = ±80 mm), the effective area of 1 cord layer is 2.56 times as much as the effective area of 6 cord layers and the vertical force of the airbag with a cord diameter of 0.25 mm is 7.28 times greater than that of the corresponding vertical force with a cord diameter of 1.0 mm. The airbag with different cord angles shows differences in the working state of compression and tension, especially in compression. The force of the airbag at 90° cord angle gradually exceeds the force at other angles with an increase in displacement. The difference in the load at different working states of compression and tension is useful.

As an emerging topic, the swarm of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been attracting great attention. Due to the indeterminacy of sensors, distributed cooperative swarms have been considered to be efficient and robust but challenging to design and test. To facilitate the development of distributed swarms, it has been proposed to utilise a simulation platform for cooperative UAVs using imperfect perception. However, the existing simulation platforms cannot satisfy this demand due to a few reasons. First, they are designed for a specific purpose, and their functionalities are difficult to extend. Second, the existing platforms lack compatibility to be applied to different types of scenarios. Third, the modelling of these platforms is too simplified to simulate flight motion dynamic and noisy communication accurately, which may cause a difference in performance between the simulation and real-world application. To address the mentioned issues, this paper models the problem and proposes a simulation platform for distributed swarm cooperative perception, which addresses software engineering concerns and provides a set of extendable functionalities of a cooperative swarm, including communication, estimation, perception fusion, and path planning. The applicability of the proposed platform is verified by simulations with the real-world application. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system is viable.

Rationale. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is highly heterogeneous with a plethora of different etiologic factors and inflammatory presentations. COPD with higher blood eosinophil count is associated with increased readmission rates and better corticosteroid responses. However, the clinical features of eosinophilic AECOPD are not well explored. Thus, this study was aimed at exploring the clinical differences between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic AECOPD. Methods. A total of 643 AECOPD patients were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Finally, 455 were included, 214 in the normal-eosinophil AECOPD (NEOS-AECOPD) group, 63 in the mild increased-eosinophil AECOPD (MEOS-AECOPD) group, and 138 in the severe increased-eosinophil AECOPD (SEOS-AECOPD) group. Demographic data, underlying diseases, symptoms, and laboratory findings were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors associated with blood eosinophils (EOS). Correlations between blood EOS and its associated independent factors were evaluated. Results. The significant differences in 19 factors, including underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, and laboratory parameters, were identified by univariate analysis. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that lymphocyte%, neutrophil% (NS%), procalcitonin (PCT), and anion gap (AG) were independently associated with blood EOS in AECOPD. Both blood EOS counts and EOS% were significantly correlated with lymphocyte%, NS%, PCT, and AG. Conclusions. Collectively, blood EOS was independently associated with lymphocyte%, NS%, PCT, and AG in AECOPD patients. Lymphocyte% was lower, and NS%, PCT, and AG were higher in eosinophilic AECOPD. Our results indicate that viral-dominant infections are the probable major etiologies of eosinophilic AECOPD. Noneosinophilic AECOPD is more likely associated with bacterial-dominant infections. The systemic inflammation in noneosinophilic AECOPD was more severe.

The transverse vibration test of bolts has been designed with adoption of the fatigue tester to study the features of the loosening life of bolts. Firstly, the transverse vibration frequency has been changed, the effects of the amplitudes of displacement, velocity, and acceleration on the loosening life of bolts have been compared, and it has been confirmed that the transverse displacement amplitude is the main factor that affects bolt loosening in low-frequency vibration. Secondly, the loosening degree of the bolts preloaded standard under five displacement amplitude grades has been monitored and the bolt loosening situation has been expressed through the residual preload-vibration times curve. The data of each stage of residual preload under each displacement amplitude were summarized, and the displacement-life (D-N) curve of bolt loosening under different loosening situations (percentage of residual preload) which is referred to the material fatigue life S-N curve was drawn. Finally, the accumulation mechanism of bolt loosening has been studied and the linear accumulation model of bolt loosening has been set up through designing variable amplitude vibration tests at high-low and low-high displacement stages. Results show that, through the bolt loosening D-N curve, it can be found out that the bolt loosening life curve and the material fatigue life curve are with features of double line and high- and low-cycle boundary under the logarithmic coordinate. Linear accumulation of bolt loosening is with similar principle of linear damage accumulation of material fatigue. Therefore, the bolt loosening life can be predicted through bolt displacement-loosening life (D-N) curve attained from the experiment and the established linear accumulation model of bolt loosening.

This paper investigates the axial behavior of slender reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with concrete filled steel tube (CFST) jacketing technique. It is realized by pouring self-compacting concrete (SCC) into the gap between inner original slender RC columns and outer steel tubes. Nine specimens were prepared and tested to failure under axial compression: a control specimen without strengthening and eight specimens with heights ranging between 1240 and 2140 mm strengthened with CFST jacketing. Experimental variables included four different length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios, three different diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratios, and three different SCC strengths. The experimental results showed that the outer steel tube provided confinement to the SCC and original slender RC columns and thus effectively improved the behavior of slender RC columns. The failure mode of slender RC columns was changed from brittle failure (concrete peel-off) into ductile failure (global bending) after strengthening. And, the load-bearing capacity, material utilization, and ductility of slender RC columns were significantly enhanced. The strengthening effect of CFST jacketing decreased with the increase of L/D ratio and D/t ratio but showed little variation with higher SCC strength. An existing expression of load-bearing capacity for traditional CFST columns was extended to propose a formula for the load-bearing capacity of CFST jacketed columns, and the predictions showed good agreement with the experimental results.

To apply the algorithms in Internet of Things for physical world objects, the relationship between physical objects is becoming more and more complicated. As we know, social relationship is widely used in human world and social Internet of Things to solve the multiple object problems. Thus, a way via combining social relationship with physical object to solve the problem with a huge number of objects or complicated interactions among objects has been analyzed. This article proposes a new concept of “Physical Objects’ Social Relationship” for describing, managing, and predicting the relationships between physical objects in Internet of Things. The classification method for physical objects’ social relationships is proposed using the spatial-temporal attribute of social relationships. Moreover, the logical expression method for physical objects’ social relationships is discussed.

The use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials to strengthen concrete structures has become popular in coastal regions with high humidity levels. However, many concrete structures in these places remain wet as a result of tides and wave-splashing, so they cannot be completely dried before repair. Therefore, it is vital to investigate the effects of moisture on the initial and long-term bond behavior between CFRP and wet concrete. This research assesses the effects of moisture (i) during CFRP application and (ii) throughout the service life. Before CFRP bonding, the concrete blocks are preconditioned with a water content of 4.73% (termed “wet-bonding”). Three different epoxy resins are applied to study the bond performance of the CFRP-concrete interface when subjected to moisture (95% relative humidity). A total of 45 double-lap shear specimens were tested at the beginning of exposure and again after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. All specimens with normal epoxy resins exhibited adhesive failure. The failure mode of specimens with hydrophobic epoxy resin changed from cohesive failure to mixed cohesive/adhesive failure and to adhesive failure according to the duration of exposure. Under moisture conditioning, the maximum shear stress (τmax) and corresponding slip (smax) of the bond-slip curve first increased and then decreased or fluctuated over time. The same tendency was seen in the ultimate strain transmitted to the CFRP sheet, the interfacial fracture energy (Gf), and the ultimate load (Pu). Analytical models of Gf and Pu for the CFRP-concrete interface under moisture conditioning are presented.

Efficient dissemination of messages is a vital solution to the vehicular communications and applications. Geocast, delivering messages to a few specific areas, has become an important issue with the accelerating development of the location-based services in vehicular networks. Different from the conventional geocast schemes focusing on the static target areas, in this paper, we propose a content-based mobile tendency geocast (CMTG) routing protocol for urban vehicular networks from the delay tolerant networks (DTNs) perspective to better deal with the high mobility and transient connectivity issues. The target roads of dissemination depend on the preferred tendency and path of message, based on the determination to the message's expected propagating roads. And vehicle decides whether to relay the messages carried to other encountered vehicles by calculating the mobile tendency to the source location of message. The robustness and adaptability of protocol are also proved theoretically. Extensive performance comparisons with other protocols are conducted to show the advantages of CMTG.

Three measuring lines were arranged on one of free planes of magnetite cuboid samples. Apparent resistivity data were acquired by MIR-2007 resistivity meter when samples were under uniaxial compression of servocontrol YAW-5000F loadingmachine in laboratory. Then we constructed the residual resistivity images using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and plotted the diagrams of apparent resistivity anisotropy coefficient (ARAC) λ∗ and the included angle α between the major axis of apparent resistivity anisotropy ellipse and the axis of load with pressure and effective depth. Our results show that with increasing pressure, resistivity and the decreased (D region) and increased (I region) resistivity regions have complex behaviors, but when pressure is higher than a certain value, the average resistivity decrease and the area of D region expand gradually in all time with the increase of pressure, which may be significant to the monitoring and prediction of earthquake, volcanic activities, and large-scale geologic motions. The effects of pressure on λ∗ and α are not very outstanding for dry magnetite samples.