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Abstract The precise perception of the surrounding environment in traffic scenes is an important part of an intelligent transportation system. The event camera could provide complementary information to traditional frame‐based cameras, such as high dynamic range, and high time resolution, in the perception of traffic targets. To improve the precision and reliability of perception as well as facilitate lots of RGB camera‐based studies introduced to event cameras directly, a refined registration method for event‐based cameras and RGB cameras on the basis of pixel‐level region segmentation is proposed, to provide a fusion method at pixel level. A total of eight sequences and a dataset containing 260 typical traffic scenes are contained in the experiment dataset, both selected from DSEC, a traffic event‐based dataset. The registered event image shows a better spatial consistency with RGB images visually. Compared to the baseline, the evaluation indicators, such as the performance of the contrast, the proportion of overlapping pixels, and average registration accuracy have been improved. In the traffic object segmentation task, the average boundary displacement error of our method has decreased and the max decline value has reached 79.665%, compared to the boundary displacement error between ground truth and baseline. These results indicate prospective applications in the perception of intelligent transportation systems combined with event and RGB cameras. The traffic dataset with pixel‐level semantic annotations will be provided soon.

Abstract The transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical clinical issue. Although previous studies have suggested macrophages as a key player in promoting inflammation and fibrosis during this transition, the heterogeneity and dynamic characterization of macrophages are still poorly understood. Here, we used integrated single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic to characterize the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of macrophages in murine AKI‐to‐CKD model of unilateral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. A marked increase in macrophage infiltration at day 1 was followed by a second peak at day 14 post AKI. Spatiotemporal profiling revealed that injured tubules and macrophages co‐localized early after AKI, whereas in late chronic stages had spatial proximity to fibroblasts. Further pseudotime analysis revealed two distinct lineages of macrophages in this transition: renal resident macrophages differentiated into the pro‐repair subsets, whereas infiltrating monocyte‐derived macrophages contributed to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. A novel macrophage subset, extracellular matrix remodeling‐associated macrophages (EAMs) originating from monocytes, linked to renal fibrogenesis and communicated with fibroblasts via insulin‐like growth factors (IGF) signalling. In sum, our study identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage heterogeneity with a unique subset of EAMs in AKI‐to‐CKD transition, which could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing CKD development.

Abstract The phenomenon of flexoelectricity, wherein mechanical deformation induces alterations in the electron configuration of metal oxides, has emerged as a promising avenue for regulating electron transport. Leveraging this mechanism, stress sensing can be optimized through precise modulation of electron transport. In this study, the electron transport in 2D ultra‐smooth In2O3 crystals is modulated via flexoelectricity. By subjecting cubic In2O3 (c‐In2O3) crystals to significant strain gradients using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, the crystal symmetry is broken, resulting in the separation of positive and negative charge centers. Upon applying nano‐scale stress up to 100 nN, the output voltage and power values reach their maximum, e.g. 2.2 mV and 0.2 pW, respectively. The flexoelectric coefficient and flexocoupling coefficient of c‐In2O3 are determined as ≈0.49 nC m−1 and 0.4 V, respectively. More importantly, the sensitivity of the nano‐stress sensor upon c‐In2O3 flexoelectric effect reaches 20 nN, which is four to six orders smaller than that fabricated with other low dimensional materials based on the piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric effect. Such a deformation‐induced polarization modulates the band structure of c‐In2O3, significantly reducing the Schottky barrier height (SBH), thereby regulating its electron transport. This finding highlights the potential of flexoelectricity in enabling high‐performance nano‐stress sensing through precise control of electron transport.

Abstract Objectives The main objective of this study was to establish a mouse model of spinal ligament ossification to simulate the chronic spinal cord compression observed in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The study also aimed to examine the mice's neurobiological, radiological, and pathological changes. Methods In the previous study, a genetically modified mouse strain was created using Crispr‐Cas9 technology, namely, Enpp1flox/flox/EIIa‐Cre (C57/B6 background), to establish the OPLL model. Wild‐type (WT) mice without compression were used as controls. Functional deficits were evaluated through motor score assessment, inclined plate testing, and gait analysis. The extent of compression was determined using CT imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, luxol fast blue staining, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate levels of apoptosis, inflammation, vascularization, and demyelination in the study. Results The results demonstrated a gradual deterioration of compression in the Enpp1flox/flox/EIIa‐Cre mice group as they aged. The progression rate was more rapid between 12 and 20 weeks, followed by a gradual stabilization between 20 and 28 weeks. The scores for spinal cord function and strength, assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale and inclined plate test, showed a significant decline. Gait analysis revealed a noticeable reduction in fore and hind stride lengths, stride width, and toe spread. Chronic spinal cord compression resulted in neuronal damage and activated astrocytes and microglia in the gray matter and anterior horn. Progressive posterior cervical compression impeded blood supply, leading to inflammation and Fas‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. The activation of Bcl2 and Caspase 3 was associated with the development of progressive neurological deficits (p

Abstract It has been widely reported that obesity adversely impacts reproductive performance of females. However, the effects of maternal obesity on fetal germ cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, by employing a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐based mouse model, it is discovered that maternal obesity disrupts the chromosomal synapsis and homologous recombination during fetal oogenesis. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling reveales the potential molecular network controlling this process. Of note, the global hypermethylation of genomic DNA in fetal oocytes from obese mouse is detected. Importantly, time‐restricted feeding (TRF) of obese mice not only ameliorate the meiotic defects, but also partly restore the epigenetic remodeling in fetal oocytes. In sum, the evidence are provided showing the deficit fetal oogenesis in obese mother, implicating a mechanism underlying the intergenerational effects of environmental insults. TRF may represent a potentially effective approach for mitigating fertility issues in obese patients.

Abstract Unraveling biodiversity patterns and their driving processes is paramount in ecology and biogeography. However, there remains a limited understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms of community assembly, particularly in alpine streams where significant elevation gradients and habitat heterogeneity exist. We investigated the patterns and drivers of beta diversity, explicitly focusing on taxonomic and functional diversity, in the three parallel rivers region in China. We employed a beta diversity partitioning approach to examine the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity and further deconstructed the diatom community into attached and unattached groups. Our results revealed distinct diversity patterns and drivers for taxonomic and functional beta diversity. Specifically, taxonomic beta diversity was mainly driven by the turnover component affected by spatial processes, whereas functional beta diversity was dominated by the nestedness component affected by environmental processes. Furthermore, our analysis of the division of the whole communities demonstrated that the varying responses of benthic diatoms with different attached abilities to environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and directional flow were the essential reasons for shaping the biodiversity patterns of species turnover and functional nestedness in the alpine stream. Our findings suggested that partitioning beta diversity and dividing the entire community can more deeply infer underlying community assembly processes, thereby providing valuable insights into understanding biodiversity patterns, drivers, and conservation strategies.

Abstract Short‐wave source localisation has an important role in many fields. A two‐stage iterative algorithm is proposed based on the ionospheric virtual height (IVH) model using the direction of arrival (DOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, which is divided into DOA stage and TDOA stage. The optimisation problem of the TDOA stage can be obtained by using the result of DOA stage and TDOA measurements. During the solution process, the non‐convex quadratic equation constraints are converted to linear constraints, which can lead to the algorithm converges to the global optimal solution and the optimal solution can be analytically solved. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the localisation accuracy of both stages can reach the corresponding constrained Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CCRLB). And the accuracy of TDOA stage achieves the CCRLB of hybrid localisation. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations.

Abstract Background Disc degeneration is associated with repetitive violent injuries. This study aims to explore the impact of repetitive strikes loading on the biology and biomechanics of intervertebral discs (IVDs) using an organ culture model. Methods IVDs from the bovine tail were isolated and cultured in a bioreactor, with exposure to various loading conditions. The control group was subjected to physiological loading, while the model group was exposed to either one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height) or repetitive one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height). Disc height and dynamic compressive stiffness were measured after overnight swelling and loading. Furthermore, histological morphology, cell viability, and gene expression were analyzed on Day 32. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and nitric oxide (NO) release in conditioned medium were also analyzed. Results The repetitive one strike group exhibited early disc degeneration, characterized by decreased dynamic compression stiffness, the presence of annulus fibrosus clefts, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, this group demonstrated significantly higher levels of cell death (p

Abstract Alkenylboronates are highly versatile building blocks and valuable reagents in the synthesis of complex molecules. Compared with that of monosubstituted alkenylboronates, the synthesis of multisubstituted alkenylboronates is challenging. The copper‐catalyzed carboboration of alkynes is an operationally simple and straightforward method for synthesizing bis/trisubstituted alkenylboronates. In this work, a series of copper‐metallized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligand porous polymer catalysts are designed and synthesized in accordance with the mechanism of carboboration. By using CuCl@POL‐NHC‐Ph as the optimal nanocatalyst, this study realizes the β‐regio‐ and stereoselective (syn‐addition) 1,2‐carboboration of alkynes (regioselectivity up to >99:1) with satisfactory yields and a wide range of substrates. This work not only overcomes the selectivity of carboboration but also provides a new strategy for the design of nanocatalysts and their application in organic synthesis.

Abstract Hepatoblastoma, a common extracranial malignant solid tumor in childhood, is often detected at an advanced stage and is difficult to treat surgically. Despite the availability of multiple comprehensive treatments that can be combined with surgery, hepatoblastoma treatment outcomes remain poor. Surgery is the main treatment strategy for hepatoblastoma, but it faces many challenges, including tumor attachment to surrounding tissues, tumor wrapping or invading of vital organs and tissues, the presence of giant or multiple tumors, distant metastasis, the formation of a tumor thrombus, and significant surgical trauma. In this review, we discuss recent research advances and propose potential strategies for overcoming these challenges. Such strategies may improve the rate of hepatoblastoma resection and local control in children, as well as reduce complications and trauma.

Background. Antihypertensive therapy is crucial for preventing stroke in hypertensive patients. However, the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy varies across individuals, partially due to therapy-related genetic variations among individuals. We investigated the association of antihypertensive drug-related gene polymorphism with stroke in patients with hypertension. Methods. Demographic information, medication, and outcome data were obtained from a hypertensive patient management system, and a PCR fluorescence probe technique was used to detect 7 gene polymorphic loci (CYP2D6∗10, ADRB1, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1, ACE, CYP3A5∗3, and NPPA), and these loci were compared between patients with and without stroke. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the association of these genetic variations with stroke risk in hypertensive patients while controlling for potential factors. Results. The prevalence of stroke in the hypertensive population in Changsha County of Hunan Province was 2.75%. The mutation frequencies of ADRB1 (1165G > C), CYP2D6∗10, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1 (1166A > C), ACE (I/D), NPPA (2238T > C), and CYP3A5∗3 were 74.43%, 57.23%, 4.26%, 5.71%, 31.62%, 1.17%, and 69.58%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that ADRB1 polymorphism was associated with stroke (χ2 = 8.659, P C), ACE (I/D), CYP3A5∗3, and NPPA (2238T > C) polymorphisms and stroke. Conclusions. ADRB1 (1165G > C) gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of stroke in Chinese hypertensive patients. The CC genotype is correlated with a higher risk of stroke than the GC + GG genotype.

Abstract Background Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcomes in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization. Methods This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between May 2019 and June 2022. FAR was defined as postoperative blood levels of fibrinogen divided by those of albumin, and dichotomized into high and low levels based on the Youden index. Futile recanalization was defined as patients achieving a successful recanalization with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of FAR with futile recanalization. Results A total of 255 patients were enrolled, amongst which 87 patients (34.1%) had high postoperative FAR. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high FAR compared to those with low FAR (74.7% vs. 53.0%, p = .001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high postoperative FAR was found to independently correspond with the occurrence of futile recanalization (adjusted OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.18–4.87, p = .015). This association was consistently observed regardless of prior antithrombotic therapy, treatment of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and reperfusion status. Conclusion Our findings support high postoperative FAR serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy.

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are promoted by eutrophication and intensified by global warming, occur worldwide. Allelochemicals, which are natural chemicals derived from plants or microbes, are emerging weapons to eliminate these blooms. However, the cost and technical challenges have limited the discovery of novel antialgal allelochemicals. Herein, the decomposition of agricultural straws is manipulated by white‐rot fungi and achieved elevated antialgal efficiency. The transcriptomic analysis reveals that nutrient limitation activated fungal decomposition. By using a comparative nontarget metabolomics approach, a new type of allelochemical sphingosines (including sphinganine, phytosphingosine, sphingosine, and N‐acetylsphingosine) is identified. These novel natural algaecides exhibit superior antialgal capability, with as high as an order of magnitude lower effective concentration on blooming species than other prevalent allelochemicals. The co‐expression relationship between transcriptomic and metabolomic results indicate that sphinganine is strongly correlated with the differentially expressed lignocellulose degradation unigenes. The algal growth suppression is triggered by the activation of programmed cell death, malfunction of algal photosystem and antioxidant system, the disruption on CO2 assimilation and light absorption. The sphingosines reported here are a new category of allelochemicals in addition to the well‐known antialgal natural chemicals, which are potential species‐specific agents for HABs control identified by multi‐omics methodology.

Abstract Background Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL) is common disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. Mechanical stimulation (MS) plays an important role in OPLL. DLX5 is an essential transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of DLX5 during in OPLL is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether DLX5 is associated with OPLL progression under MS. Methods Stretch stimulation was applied to spinal ligaments cells derived from OPLL (OPLL cells) and non‐OPLL (non‐OPLL cells) patients. Expression of DLX5 and osteogenesis‐related genes were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The osteogenic differentiation ability of the cells was measured using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining. The protein expression of DLX5 in the tissues and the nuclear translocation of NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD) was examined by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with non‐OPLL cells, OPLL cells expressed higher levels of DLX5 in vitro and vivo (p

Abstract The great demand for mobile blockchain computing power is often unsatisfied by terminal devices, so computational tasks are offloaded to edge computing servers. This paper proposes a new mobile communication blockchain assumption, forms a computing power alliance (CPA), and builds a smart contract‐based security model. First, mining difficulty compensates for the personal computing power outside the CPA to increase the block generation difficulty. Second, contract account funds are used to increase the cost of malicious nodes seeking to launch forking attacks, and the duration is used to limit mining. Finally, a court trial is opened to select validators to verify the fork. The auction algorithm is used to allocate computing power in the CPA, and a price utility function is constructed to maximize social welfare. The joint optimization algorithm increases the transaction price and improves the system security. Simulation results verify that the system security increases with the blocked funds and duration, and the forking attack success rate approaches zero as the number of validators increases. The proposed algorithm provides considerable sum utility and average revenue gains versus traditional methods under different numbers of mobile users and computational capabilities, and the security of the algorithm is also higher.

Abstract Fatty acids of intramuscular fat (IMF) in rabbits can influence meat quality, but it is unclear which fatty acids benefit to human health. A rabbit model of weight gain and weight loss was constructed using two rabbit groups and two growth stages. Stage 1 included control group1 fed a commercial diet(CG1) and experimental group1 fed a high fat diet (EG1). Stage 2 include control group2(CG2) and experimental group2 (EG2) both fed a restricted commercial diet. We detected differences in blood biochemical indicators as well as changes in intramuscular adipose cells and intramuscular fatty acid content in control and experiment groups at two stages. High fat induction can make rabbits become obese, have higher concentrations of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and free fatty acid (FFA), and lower concentrations of insulin (INS). In addition, a high‐fat diet promotes hypertrophy of precursor adipocytes in femoral muscles. Conversely, a restricted diet causes weight loss, decreases the concentration of TG, FFA, and INS in CG2 and EG2, and increases the deposition of unsaturated fatty acids in the femoral muscle. The content of monounsaturated trans oleic acid (C18:1n‐9T) in EG2 was significantly higher than in CG2, whereas oleic acid (C18:1n‐9C) was significantly lower in EG2 than in CG2. The polyunsaturated fatty acids Linolenate (C18:3 n‐3) and cis‐5,8,11,14,17‐Eicosapentaenoate (C20:5 n‐3) increased in CG2 and EG2. The content of Linoleate (C18:2 n‐6) and γ‐Linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐6) significantly increased in CG2. The content of cis‐11,14‐Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:2) decreased significantly in CG2, but increased significantly in EG2.Thus, a high‐fat diet can increase the formation of unhealthy fatty acids. Conversely, weight loss due to a restricted diet leads to an increase in unsaturated fatty acids in the femoral muscle, indicating that it reduces obesity symptoms and it may improve meat quality in rabbit.

Abstract Freshwater shrimp are a rich species group, with a long and problematic taxonomic history attributed to their wide distribution and similar morphological characteristics. Shrimp diversity and species identification are important cornerstones for fisheries management. However, identification based on morphological characteristics is a difficult task for a nonspecialist. Abundant freshwater shrimp species are distributed in the waters of Henan Province, but investigations of freshwater shrimp are limited in this region, especially concerning molecular features. Here, we combined morphology and DNA barcodes to reveal the species diversity of freshwater shrimp in Henan province. A total of 1,200 freshwater shrimp samples were collected from 46 sampling sites, and 222 samples were chosen for further microscopic examination and molecular delimitation. We used tree‐based methods (NJ, ML, and bPTP) and distance‐based methods (estimation of the paired genetic distances and ABGD) to delimit species. The results showed that there were nine morphospecies based on morphological characteristics; all could effectively be defined by molecular methods, among which bPTP and ABGD defined 13 and 8 MOTUs, respectively. The estimation of the paired genetic distances of K2P and the p‐distances had similar results. Mean K2P distances and p‐distances within species were both equal to 1.2%. The maximum intraspecific genetic distances of all species were less than 2%, with the exception of Palaemon modestus and M. maculatum. Various analyses have shown that P. modestus and M. maculatum have a large genetic differentiation, which may indicate the existence of cryptic species. By contrast, DNA barcoding could unambiguously discriminate 13 species and detect cryptic diversity. Our results demonstrate the high efficiency of DNA barcoding to delimit freshwater shrimp diversity and detect the presence of cryptic species.

Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling involved in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and angiogenesis. It was previously reported that B cell‐specific Moloney mouse leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) activates the Wnt pathway by inhibiting the expression of DKK1 in breast cancer cell lines and 293T cells. Bmi1 and DKK1 are highly expressed in liver samples taken by biopsy from patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effect of both Bmi1 and DKK1 on the carcinogenesis of adult hepatic stem cells (oval cells) has not previously been reported. In this study, we used WB‐F344 cells to explore the function and regulation of Dkk1 upon Bmi1 treatment. Overexpression of Dkk1 repressed differentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by Bmi1 but promoted the apoptosis of hepatic WB‐F344 oval cells. In addition, Dkk1 reduced the enhancement of β‐catenin levels induced by Bmi1. Finally, we used transcriptome sequencing to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the transcriptome‐related changes in WB‐F344 oval cells induced by Dkk1 and Bmi1. These results may provide evidence for future studies of the pathogenesis of HCC and the design of possible therapies.

Abstract Background Current the surveillance and management are controversial for patients with IPMN. We aimed to develop an alternative nomogram to individualize IPMN prognosis and LNM. Methods Based on the data from SEER database of patients diagnosed with IPMN between 2004 and 2015, a nomogram predicting the survival and LNM of IPMN based on univariate and multivariate and Lasso regression analysis was performed, internally and externally validated, and measured by C‐index, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and compared to the 7th TNM stage. Results A total of 941 patients were included. Age, T stage examined nodes, tumor size, and pathology grade were identified as an independent factor for predicting LNM. The nomogram we established to predict LNM had a high predicting value with a C‐index value of 0.735 and an AUC value of 0.753. Interestingly, including T1 stage, we found an inverse correlation was between age and LNM. In addition, nomogram for predicting CSS also performed better than TNM stage both in the internal validation group (1‐year AUC:0.753 vs. 0.693, 3‐year AUC: 0.801 vs. 0.731, 5‐year AUC: 0.803 vs. 0.733) and external validation group (1‐year AUC: 0.761 vs. 0.701, 3‐year AUC: 0.772 vs. 0.713, 5‐year AUC:0.811 vs. 0.735). DCA analysis showed the nomogram showed a greater benefit across the period of follow‐up compared to 7th TNM stage. Conclusion A nomogram based on multivariate and Lasso regression analysis showed great clinical usability compared with current criteria. Also, for LNM of IPMN, younger age patients with IPMN should be attached more importance.

Abstract Background The motor behavior in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and animal models should be changed due to pain. However, there does not seem to be a strong correlation between IDD and motor behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the correlation between motor behavior and age‐related IDD. Methods Twenty‐one healthy male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) distributed across the age range were included in this study. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: caged group (n = 14) and free‐range group (n = 7). The data of IDD and motor behavior were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PrimateScan Automatic Behavior Analysis System. More than 20 basic motor behaviors could be recorded and quantified, and then reclassified into 9 combined categories. We defined the sum of the duration of activity‐related combined categories as the total duration of activity in 3 hours. The activity zone of the cynomolgus monkeys in the cage could be divided into top and bottom zones. Analyze the correlation between motor behavior and IDD. Results Age was correlated with both Pfirrmann grades (r = .700; P

Abstract Gas‐liquid displacement occurs often in fractured gas reservoirs, and can cause gas kick and mud leakage, resulting in a very high risk of losing well control. To analyze gas‐liquid displacement between borehole and gassy fracture, we used computational fluid dynamics to simulate its behaviors. We also used response surface methodology (RSM) to design numerical experiments. The effects of fracture width, bottom‐hole differential pressure, mud density, mud viscosity, and mud displacement were taken into account. We used RSM to determine the influence of the multifactor interaction of gas‐liquid displacement and established an empirical formula for the gas displacement rate. The results show that gas‐liquid displacement is proportional to fracture width, bottom‐hole differential pressure, mud density, and mud displacement; however, the displacement is inversely proportional to mud viscosity. The sensitivity sequence of the gas‐liquid displacement rate is fracture width > bottom‐hole differential pressure > mud viscosity > mud density > mud velocity. The impact of fracture width is clearly higher than that of the other factors, while the mud velocity has almost no impact. Our established empirical formula can be used to predict bottom‐hole gas kick and drilling mud leakage and to inversely predict the fracture width and formation gas pressure.

Abstract Identifying seasonal shifts in community assembly for multiple biological groups is important to help enhance our understanding of their ecological dynamics. However, such knowledge on lotic assemblages is still limited. In this study, we used biological traits and functional diversity indices in association with null model analyses to detect seasonal shifts in the community assembly mechanisms of lotic macroinvertebrates and diatoms in an unregulated subtropical river in China. We found that functional composition and functional diversity (FRic, FEve, FDis, MNN, and SDNN) showed seasonal variation for macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages. Null models suggested that environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, and neutral process were all important community assembly mechanisms for both biological groups. However, environmental filtering had a stronger effect on spring macroinvertebrate assemblages than autumn assemblages, but the effect on diatom assemblages was the same in both seasons. Moreover, macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages were shaped by different environmental factors. Macroinvertebrates were filtered mainly by substrate types, velocity, and CODMn, while diatoms were mainly shaped by altitude, substrate types, and water quality. Therefore, our study showed (a) that different biological assemblages in a river system presented similarities and differences in community assembly mechanisms, (b) that multiple processes play important roles in maintaining benthic community structure, and (c) that these patterns and underlying mechanisms are seasonally variable. Thus, we highlight the importance of exploring the community assembly mechanisms of multiple biological groups, especially in different seasons, as this is crucial to improve the understanding of river community changes and their responses to environmental degradation.

Abstract Background Gene mutations may play an important role in the development, response to treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the mutation profiling of Chinese patients with CRC, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods This study included 1190 Chinese CRC patients who were diagnosed between May 1998 and December 2018 and received clinical genetic testing. The OncoCarta Panel was used to test a total of 238 possible mutations in 19 common oncogenes. Results Five hundred and eighty‐two (48.9%) cases were detected with gene mutations. Of the 582 cases, there were 111 cases (19.7%) with two concurrent mutations, and six cases (1.0%) with three concurrent mutations. KRAS was the most common gene mutation that occurred in all cases (429, 36.1%), followed by PIK3CA (121, 10.2%), NRAS (47, 3.9%), BRAF (35, 2.9%), HRAS (11, 0.9%) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (11, 0.9%). AKT1, KIT, FGFR1, FGFR3, FLT3, CDK, ERBB2, ABL1, MET, RET and PDGFRA mutations were also detected in several cases. When it came to prognosis, we found that KRAS/NRAS/PIK3CA/BRAF mutation was not associated with prognosis. But BRAF mutation was associated with poor prognosis in patients who accepted anti‐EGFR therapy. Conclusions The molecular testing offered the clinical data and mutation profile of Chinese CRC patients. The information of these mutated genes may help to find out the correlation between mutated genes and the development or prognosis of CRC.

As the main objective influencing factor on the brake safety of autonomous vehicles, pavement texture information is directly related to road surface antiskid performance. However, in the brake system of autonomous vehicles, the influence of road surface adhesion characteristics on braking stability is seldomly considered. To study the braking stability of autonomous vehicles on curved sections under different road conditions, the advanced close-range photogrammetry system was utilized to extract the road surface texture information. Thereafter, the power spectral density (PSD) of the road surface was calculated by MATLAB to obtain the pavement adhesion coefficient curves based on the Persson friction theory model under different road conditions. Considering the pavement adhesion characteristics, the braking model of autonomous vehicles was built in Simulink, and then, the braking performance on curved sections was analyzed with CarSim/Simulink cosimulation. The results indicate that, according to the adhesion coefficient of different asphalt pavement types under different road conditions, the ranking order is open-grade friction course (OGFC) > stone matrix asphalt (SMA) > dense-graded asphalt concrete (AC). In addition, both the maximum lateral offset distances and the maximum lateral forces of the tires decrease as the curve radius gradually increases under different road conditions. It can also be found that there is a relatively uniform vertical forces distribution of the tire when the curve radius is no less than 100 m, and the limit speed of the vehicle varies parabolically with increasing in curve radius. Compared with dry road, the reduction of vehicle braking deceleration is more significant and the yaw rate is greater on wet road. Last but not least, the braking comfort with a radius of 200 m is the best according to the comfort index (CI) in International Standard ISO, in which the comfort level can be sorted into six levels.

Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is the most common type of stroke and is one of the leading causes of disability and death, with the incidence increasing each year. Fyn is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src family of kinases (SFKs), which is related to many normal and pathological processes of the nervous system, including neurodevelopment and disease progression. In recent years, more and more evidence suggests that Fyn may be closely related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, including energy metabolism disorders, excitatory neurotoxicity, intracellular calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and the activation of apoptotic genes. This paper reviews the role of Fyn in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, including neuroexcitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, to explore how Fyn affects specific signal cascades and leads to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, Fyn also promotes the production of superoxide and endogenous NO, so as to quickly react to produce peroxynitrite, which may also mediate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is discussed in this paper. Finally, we revealed the treatment methods related to Fyn inhibitors and discussed its potential as a clinical treatment for ischemic stroke.

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the burden of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, and its influencing factors Methods A total of 105 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers were investigated using the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and family burden scale of disease (FBS) Results There was a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, especially between positive and negative symptoms and family financial burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities, and family relationship Conclusion There is a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, and this is especially correlated to family economic burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities, and family relationship. Medical staff should pay attention to the psychological characteristics of patients and fully understand and avoid the adverse effects of family burden on the rehabilitation of patients.

Abstract Architected materials can exhibit mechanical properties that do not occur with ordinary solids. By integrating hierarchy and size effects, microarchitected metamaterials fabricated by two‐photon lithography with a metallic or ceramic coating can be ultrastrong but lightweight. However, the attainment of both strength and ductility is generally mutually exclusive. Inspired by the Pantheon dome in Rome, which can withstand high load while keeping low density, microarchitected domes with a gradient helix are designed and deposited in a hierarchical nanostructured aluminum film with ultrahigh strength and considerable plasticity. Despite having a thick coating, which usually causes catastrophic collapse, the thick‐walled metallic dome shows recoverability during compression. The compressive strength increases to 73 times that of current ductile‐like microlattices, leading to the metamaterial occupying the domain of the material property space that is hitherto empty. Detailed in situ experimental and computational work reveals the graceful (noncatastrophic) failure due to the helical twisting and plastic flow in the supra‐nanomaterial. It is a promising method of suppressing brittle failure via a combination of architectural and material design. It can be used to impart enhanced functionality, making programmable stiffness, and tailored energy absorption all possible.

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is concerned in a broad range of engineering applications due to its resultant fatigue damage to structures. Nevertheless, such fluid-structure coupling process continuously extracts the kinetic energy from ambient fluid flow, presenting the conversion potential from the mechanical energy to electricity. As the air and water flows are widely encountered in nature, piezoelectric energy harvesters show the advantages in small-scale utilization and self-powered instruments. This paper briefly reviewed the way of energy collection by piezoelectric energy harvesters and the various measures proposed in the literature, which enhance the structural vibration response and hence improve the energy harvesting efficiency. Methods such as irregularity and alteration of cross-section of bluff body, utilization of wake flow and interference, modification and rearrangement of cantilever beams, and introduction of magnetic force are discussed. Finally, some open questions and suggestions are proposed for the future investigation of such renewable energy harvesting mode.

An axisymmetric model scramjet assisted with cavity flameholder is numerically investigated. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation is carried out to reveal the fuel mixing and combustion characteristics. The simulation results show reasonable agreements with experimental data. The analysis indicates that the axisymmetric and rectangular scramjet has some similarities to the cavity shear layer in the nonreacting flow field. The configuration of the cavity shear layer changes hugely due to the significant chemical reaction and heat release in the reacting flow field. Typically, two more configurations with different cavity aft wall angles are compared with the experimental configuration to optimize the configuration of the cavity. When the cavity aft wall angle is small, the cavity shear layer bends to the cavity floor and more fuel enters into and stays in the cavity, which results in poor fuel mixing performance. With the increase of the aft wall angle, the fuel distributes more uniformly and the fuel mixing efficiency improves. In the reacting flow field, the volume of the cavity full of hot products and free radicals increases while the interaction between the cavity and main flow decreases with the increase of the aft wall angle. The improved combustion efficiency shows that larger cavity volume weighs more than reduced interaction between the cavity and main flow. The combustion is more violent in the case with a larger aft wall angle. Therefore, a proper increase of the aft wall angle is beneficial to the performance of cavity-assisted axisymmetric scramjet when designing the cavity flameholder.

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased in rank among traumatic injuries worldwide. Traumatic brain injury is a serious obstacle given that its complex pathology represents a long‐term process. Recently, systems biology strategies such as metabolomics to investigate the multifactorial nature of TBI have facilitated attempts to find biomarkers and probe molecular pathways for its diagnosis and therapy. Methods This study included a group of 20 rats with controlled cortical impact and a group of 20 sham rats. We utilized mNSS tests to investigate neurological metabolic impairments on day 1 and day 3. Furthermore, we applied metabolomics and bioinformatics to determine the metabolic perturbation caused by TBI during the acute period in the hippocampus tissue of controlled cortical impact (CCI) rats. Notably, TBI–protein–metabolite subnetworks identified from a database were assessed for associations between metabolites and TBI by the dysregulation of related enzymes and transporters. Results Our results identified 7 and 8 biomarkers on day 1 and day 3, respectively. Additionally, related pathway disorders showed effects on arginine and proline metabolism as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism on day 3 in acute TBI. Furthermore, according to metabolite–protein database searches, 25 metabolite–protein pairs were established as causally associated with TBI. Further, bioinformation indicated that these TBI‐associated proteins mainly take part in 5′‐nucleotidase activity and carboxylic acid transmembrane transport. In addition, interweaved networks were constructed to show that the development of TBI might be affected by metabolite‐related proteins and their protein pathways. Conclusion The overall results show that acute TBI is susceptible to metabolic disorders, and the joint metabolite–protein network analysis provides a favorable prediction of TBI pathogenesis mechanisms in the brain. The signatures in the hippocampus might be promising for the development of biomarkers and pathways relevant to acute TBI and could further guide testable predictions of the underlying mechanism of TBI.

Chaotification can be employed to weaken or eliminate the feature of line spectra of waterborne noise. The efficiency of this method lies on the use of small control. The analysis reveals that the critical control gain depends on the stiffness of vibration isolation systems. Thus, an isolation raft system based on quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) property is proposed for line spectrum chaotification. A nonlinear time-delay controller is derived accordingly. Comparative analysis shows that the new approach allows much smaller control, and the intensity of line spectra is further reduced. Numerical simulations also indicate other advantages with the introduction of QZS system into chaotification.

Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the combination use of tegafur and apatinib as a first-line therapy strategy in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Methods. The present study included a total of 62 advanced GC patients. The patients were randomized into the combined group (treated with both tegafur and apatinib) and the control group (treated with only tegafur). Treatment efficacy, KPS score, nutrition condition, and progression-free survival time (PFS) were recorded. Results. Both the response and disease control rates were significantly higher in the combined group. The PFS time was remarkably higher and the KPS score was significantly reduced in the combined group after treatment. After treatment, both groups showed significantly increased nutrition risk, but the rates of patients with nutrition risk or innutrition were remarkably higher in the combined group. The ADR rates were also significantly higher in the combined group. Conclusion. The combination use could achieve good efficacy and prolong patients’ PFS time; however, apatinib also reduced the patients’ quality of life and enhanced the nutrition risk and adverse drug reactions.

The vibration level of a cab affects the passenger’s ride comfort and safety significantly. It is of great importance to control the vibration level of cabs under various driving conditions. The associated vibration transfer paths of cabs are studied by using a hierarchical analysis method of a parameter index. The multiobjective design analysis is carried out by using the multiparameter joint optimisation design. Further, the optimal control of the cab vibration level is obtained from a full-condition simulation environment. Additionally, a multibody vehicle model is established. The simulation analysis under multiple working conditions is conducted. The optimal parameter distribution of the cab mounting structure was established by analysing the influence of the design parameters and experimental verification. This greatly improves the comfort of the cab.