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Abstract Objectives This study aims to describe a novel dorsal venous complex (DVC) ligation‐free and parietal endopelvic fascia preserving technique for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and to evaluate its post‐operative outcomes. Methods From April 2020 to May 2021, a total of 125 patients with localized prostate cancer received laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by a single surgeon. In the procedure, a novel technique of DVC ligation‐free and parietal endopelvic fascia preserving was used. Preoperative characteristics of patients and perioperative results were recorded. In this study, continence was defined as zero to one pad per day. Oncological outcomes were evaluated based on positive surgical margin. Results Five patients required a blood transfusion. Mean post‐operative hospital stay was 3.9 days (2–5), and the catheter could be removed on post‐operative day 7 to 9. Final pathologic evaluations were 87 stage pT2, 22 stage pT3a, and 7 pT3b, 9 stage pT4, respectively. The positive surgical margin rate was 10.4% in total. Ninety‐three patients (74.4%) returned to urinary continence 2 months post‐operatively, and 11 patients (11/125) developed biochemical recurrence 6 months post‐operatively. Conclusions The DVC ligation‐free and parietal endopelvic fascia preserving technique provides early recovery from incontinence without adversely affecting the oncological outcome.

Abstract Multi‐organ segmentation from abdominal CT scans is crucial for various medical examinations and diagnoses. Despite the remarkable achievements of existing deep‐learning‐based methods, accurately segmenting small organs remains challenging due to their small size and low contrast. This article introduces a novel knowledge‐guided cascaded framework that utilizes two types of knowledge—image intrinsic (anatomy) and clinical expertise (radiology)—to improve the segmentation accuracy of small abdominal organs. Specifically, based on the anatomical similarities in abdominal CT scans, the approach employs entropy‐based registration techniques to map high‐quality segmentation results onto inaccurate results from the first stage, thereby guiding precise localization of small organs. Additionally, inspired by the practice of annotating images from multiple perspectives by radiologists, novel Multi‐View Fusion Convolution (MVFC) operator is developed, which can extract and adaptively fuse features from various directions of CT images to refine segmentation of small organs effectively. Simultaneously, the MVFC operator offers a seamless alternative to conventional convolutions within diverse model architectures. Extensive experiments on the Abdominal Multi‐Organ Segmentation (AMOS) dataset demonstrate the superiority of the method, setting a new benchmark in the segmentation of small organs.

Abstract In the traditional predictive torque control strategy, the cost function considers two different control objectives: stator flux and torque. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set the weighting factor to ensure that the optimal voltage vector is accurately selected during the control process, thereby achieving better torque and flux control performance. In view of the complex tuning process caused by traditional predictive torque control setting method of weighting factor, a new weighting factor selection method for permanent magnet synchronous motor control system is proposed in this paper. The derivation process is based on the equivalent transformation between the torque–flux prediction and the voltage vector prediction. If both the cost functions of the torque–flux and voltage vector reach their minimum values, the same output voltage vector will be selected. Compared with previous studies, the algorithm proposed in this paper can find the precise location of the optimal weighting factor without changing the form of the cost function, which simplifies the parameter tuning process. Experimental results are also provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Abstract It has become an interesting topic for modern radar possessing capabilities of polarimetric measurement, high‐resolution imaging, and good delay‐Doppler resolution. The linear frequency modulation (LFM) scheme is widely used in radar systems as it can achieve both high Doppler tolerance and resolution. Based on the LFM scheme, a novel waveform is proposed, namely, the orthogonal double V‐linear frequency modulation (ODV‐LFM), which exhibits the capability to mitigate the influence of delay‐Doppler coupling and reduces the risk of false targets and ghosts in multiple‐target scenes. Based on the ODV‐LFM signal, a simultaneous polarimetric measurement method is proposed to obtain fully polarimetric information of the target. According to the unique chirp rate characteristic of the ODV‐LFM signal, the pointwise linear and non‐linear processing methods are proposed to enhance delay‐Doppler resolution, suppress sidelobes, and achieve high‐resolution imaging without substantially compromising the signal detection performance. Finally, simulated experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed waveform and methods.

Abstract Metro systems play an important role in reducing urban traffic congestion and promoting the sustainable development of urban transport in megacities. With the expansion of a metro network, transfer stations are necessary for increasing the service connectivity of a metro network. An accurate estimation of transfer passenger flow can help improve the operations management of a metro system. This study proposes a data‐driven methodology for estimating the transfer passenger flow volume of each transfer station in a metro network by mining smart card data. The estimated transfer passenger flow data are visualized to show the spatial‐temporal distribution characteristics of metro transfer passenger flow. The case study results of the Shenzhen Metro network demonstrate that the proposed data‐driven methodological framework is very effective in estimating different types of transfer passenger flows, such as total transfer passenger flow, hourly transfer passenger flow, and inbound and outbound transfer flows at each transfer station. The spatial‐temporal distribution characteristics of transfer passenger flow can be very useful for designing effective and efficient passenger flow management measures to ensure the safe and efficient operation of a metro system.

Objective To investigate the use of anti‐osteoporotic agents and refracture incidence in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) and to evaluate the real‐world treatment of patients using denosumab following PVA. This study aims to provide spine surgeons with empirical insights derived from real‐world scenarios to enhance the management of bone health in OVCF patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the MarketScan and Optum databases from the USA. Female patients aged 55–90 years who underwent PVA for OVCF between January 2013 and March 2020 were included and followed up from the day after surgery. Patients who received at least one dose of denosumab were included in the denosumab cohort and were further divided into the on‐treatment and off‐treatment groups according to whether they received a second dose of denosumab, with follow‐up beginning on the index day (225 days after the first denosumab dose). In this study, the off‐treatment group was considered as the control group. Refracture incidence after PVA, the proportion of patients using anti‐osteoporotic agents in the total study population, and refracture incidence after the index day in the denosumab cohort were analyzed. Results A total of 13,451 and 21,420 patients from the MarketScan and Optum databases, respectively, were included. In the denosumab cohort, the cumulative incidence of clinical osteoporotic fractures within 3 years after the index day was significantly lower in the on‐treatment group than in the off‐treatment group (MarketScan database: 23.0% vs 39.0%, p = 0.002; Optum database: 28.2% vs 40.0%, p = 0.023). The cumulative incidence of clinical vertebral fractures was also lower in the on‐treatment group than in the off‐treatment group, with a significant difference in the MarketScan database (14.4% vs 25.5%, p = 0.002) and a numerical difference was found in the Optum database (20.2% vs 27.5%, p = 0.084).The proportion of patients using anti‐osteoporotic agents was low at 6 months postoperatively, with only approximately 7% using denosumab and 13%–15% taking oral bisphosphonates. Conclusion Postmenopausal women have a high refracture rate and a low proportion of anti‐osteoporotic drug use after PVA. Continued denosumab treatment after PVA is associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic and clinical vertebral fractures. Therefore, denosumab may be a treatment option for patients with osteoporosis after PVA.

Abstract As cross‐shelf gradients of most properties are typically much steeper than those in the alongshore direction, transport across isobaths tends to be inhibited, particularly at oceanic fronts where cross‐shelf gradients are markedly pronounced. Consequently, variations in cross‐shelf gradients may exert a significant influence on offshore transport; however, this influence is not yet well understood. This study employs reconstructed daily suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data from the Yellow Sea's offshore region to investigate the dynamics of offshore transport. Our analysis on an interannual scale shows that offshore SSC correlates more with temperature gradients at the oceanic front than with winter storms, despite the latter's vital role in causing frontal instability. The observed increase in offshore transport over the past two decades is likely connected to Kuroshio Current warming, which has strengthened the horizontal density gradient at the oceanic front, driving the strengthened offshore transport of coastal sediments during instability episodes.

Abstract Objectives Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer memory and cognitive impairments, and oxiracetam‐like drugs are considered to have a positive impact on these symptoms potentially. However, the efficacy and safety of L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam in TBI patients have not been sufficiently investigated. Methods The study adopts a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, phase 3 clinical trial design in 74 centers across 51 hospitals in China. A total of 590 TBI patients meeting criteria will be randomly allocated into three groups in a 2:2:1 ratio: L‐oxiracetam group, oxiracetam group, and placebo group. The treatment period is 14 days, with a follow‐up period of 90 days. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment score at 90 days after treatment. Secondary outcomes include changes in other cognitive assessments, neurological function, activities of daily living, and safety assessments. Discussion There is no robust evidence to suggest that L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam can enhance memory and cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate TBI. This study has the potential to answer this crucial clinical question. Trial registration chinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier CTR20192539; ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04205565.

Abstract Background The child cancer, neuroblastoma (NB), is characterised by a low incidence of mutations and strong oncogenic embryonal driver signals. Many new targeted epigenetic modifier drugs have failed in human trials as monotherapy. Methods We performed a high‐throughput, combination chromatin‐modifier drug screen against NB cells. We screened 13 drug candidates in 78 unique combinations. Results We found that the combination of two histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors: GSK343, targeting EZH2, and SGC0946, targeting DOT1L, demonstrated the strongest synergy across 8 NB cell lines, with low normal fibroblast toxicity. High mRNA expression of both EZH2 and DOT1L in NB tumour samples correlated with the poorest patient survival. Combination HMT inhibitor treatment caused activation of ATF4‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. In addition, glutathione and several amino acids were depleted by HMT inhibitor combination on mass spectrometry analysis. The combination of SGC0946 and GSK343 reduced tumour growth in comparison to single agents. Conclusion Our results support further investigation of HMT inhibitor combinations as a therapeutic approach in NB.

ABSTRACT Backgroud Cancer‐related cognitive impairment is one of the common complications in children with cancer, but our understanding of their experience with cognitive deficits remains limited. From the perspective of parents, this study aimed to explore the distress and demands faced by children with cancer‐related cognitive impairment, to provide references for developing targeted intervention strategies for cancer children. Methods We used a purposeful sampling method to conduct semi‐structured interviews with the parents of 18 children with cancer‐related cognitive impairment. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results Three categories and 11 subcategories were obtained from the data analysis, including diverse levels of cognitive impairment in children (speech communication difficulties, impaired executive function, attention deficit, and intellectual disability), persistent negative emotions (anxiety and worry, complaints and resentment, negative avoidance and positive experiences after psychological adjustment), multiple needs (need for disease information, need for professional management, and an urgent need for more external support). Conclusion Parents of children with cancer‐related cognitive impairment face a significant psychological burden, coupled with confusion and numerous inquiries regarding the symptoms and management of their children's cognitive impairment. It is imperative for medical professionals to strengthen the dissemination of information related to cancer‐associated cognitive impairments, while promptly recognizing and intervening in related symptoms. Rational allocation of resources, establishment of targeted support systems, and enhancement of social acceptance may be the key points that policymakers could consider. These efforts hold immense significance, as they play a pivotal role in elevating cognitive capabilities and enhancing the overall quality of life for children with cancer.

Abstract The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in sepsis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular pathogenesis underlying sepsis‐induced ARDS remains elusive. Neutrophil heterogeneity and dysfunction contribute to uncontrolled inflammation in patients with ARDS. A specific subset of neutrophils undergoing reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM), which is characterized by an activated phenotype, is implicated in the systemic dissemination of inflammation. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), it identified functionally activated neutrophils exhibiting the rTEM phenotype in the lung of a sepsis mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture. The prevalence of neutrophils with the rTEM phenotype is elevated in the blood of patients with sepsis‐associated ARDS and is positively correlated with disease severity. Mechanically, scRNA‐seq and proteomic analys revealed that inflamed endothelial cell (EC) released extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in karyopherin subunit beta‐1 (KPNB1), promoting abluminal‐to‐luminal neutrophil rTEM. Additionally, EC‐derived EVs are elevated and positively correlated with the proportion of rTEM neutrophils in clinical sepsis. Collectively, EC‐derived EV is identified as a critical regulator of neutrophil rTEM, providing insights into the contribution of rTEM neutrophils to sepsis‐associated lung injury.

Abstract The highly oriented 2D perovskite templates of n = 1 have typically been created to attain controllable and oriented crystallization of 3D α‐phase formamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI3) perovskites. However, the role of methylammonium iodide (MAI), a widely used α‐FAPbI3 phase stabilizer, in regulating the growth dynamics of 2D/3D perovskites is generally ignored. Herein, Ruddlesden–Popper type n = 1 2D octylammonium lead iodide (OA2PbI4) perovskites are added into FAPbI3 precursor solution. The template of n = 2 (OA2MAPb2I7), which is spontaneously constructed by the mixture of n = 1 2D and methylammonium chloride (MACl), acts as a skeleton to template the epitaxial growth of α‐FAPbI3. However, the volatilization of MACl inevitably causes damage to the 2D structure during thermal annealing. This study reveals that small amounts of less volatile MAI additive enables the creation of stable 2D template, leading to more controlled vertical orientation crystallization. Consequently, the high‐quality mixed‐dimensional perovskite film delivers a high efficiency of 24.19% together with improved intrinsic stability. This work provides an in‐depth understanding of 2D‐assisted controlled epitaxial growth of α‐FAPbI3.

Background We aimed to investigate the associations of long‐term exposure to ambient formaldehyde with hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms in Chinese adults. Methods and Results Participants' information was obtained from the WHO SAGE (World Health Organization Study on Global Aging and Adult Health) study. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the associations of formaldehyde with hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms. Mediating effect analysis was used to investigate the mediating effect of hypertension between formaldehyde exposure and angina pectoris symptoms. Long‐term exposure to formaldehyde was positively associated with the risk of angina pectoris symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.29–2.13], per interquartile range [IQR], 3.33, 1015 molecules/cm2) and hypertension (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.02–1.34], per IQR, 3.34, 1015 molecules/cm2). The associations between formaldehyde and angina pectoris symptoms were greater in participants aged ≥65 years (HR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.29–2.80]) and in rural areas (HR, 2.71 [95% CI, 1.54–4.77]), whereas the associations of formaldehyde with hypertension were stronger in men (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.02–1.58]), rural areas (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.94–1.59]), and in ever smokers (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.02–1.72]). The mediation effect analysis indicated that 18.44% (95% CI, 2.17–37.65) of the association between formaldehyde exposure and angina pectoris symptoms was mediated by hypertension. Conclusions Long‐term exposure to ambient formaldehyde was positively associated with hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms. The effects of formaldehyde may be modified by age, sex, urbanicity, and smoking status. Hypertension might play a mediating effect in formaldehyde‐induced angina pectoris symptoms.

Abstract Studies have shown that the microbiome of saline‐tolerant plants plays a significant role in promoting salt stress in non‐saline‐tolerant plants, but the microorganisms are still unclear. In the present study, the microbial diversity changes in Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. in the Yellow River Delta region were investigated. In the bacterial community, the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the low‐saline soil (YDL), moderate‐saline soil (YDM), and high‐saline soil (YDH) groups were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota (at the phylum level), while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi in the fungal community. At the family level, with the increase of salinity, the relative abundance of Rhodobacteraceae (bacterial community), Thermoascaceae, and Phaffomycetaceae (fungal community) gradually increased; and to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the relationship between Thermoascaceae and Phaffomycetaceae families with salt stress. At the genus level, Salinimicrobium (bacterial community) was the dominant bacterium in the rhizosphere soil of the YDL, YDM, and YDH groups, while with the increase of salinity, the relative abundance of Byssochlamys and Wickerhamomyces (fungal community) gradually increased, and to the best of our knowledge there are no reports on the relationship between Byssochlamys and salt stress. Salinity mainly affected the bacterial community abundance, but it had little effect on the fungi community abundance. The bacterial community of the YDH group was dominated by bacteria of unknown origin (52.76%), while bacteria of unknown origin accounted for 26.46% and 20.78% of the bacterial communities in the YDM and YDL groups, respectively. The fungi community of the YDH group was dominated by YDL group fungi (relative abundance of 44.44%), followed by YDM group fungi (29.42%) and fungi of unknown origin (26.14%). These results provide a better understanding of the rhizosphere microbial diversity of saline–alkali‐tolerant plants, laying a foundation for developing a saline–alkali‐tolerant plant microbiome.

Abstract The strong potential of platinum single atom (PtSA) in gas sensor technology is primarily attributed to its high atomic economy. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct further exploration to understand the impact of PtSA on the active sites. In this study, the evolution of PtSA on (100)CeO2 and (111)CeO2 is examined, revealing notable disparities in the position and activity of surface PtSA on different crystal planes. The PtSA in (100)CeO2 surface can enhance the stability of Ce3+ and construct a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) to form a double active site by combining the steric hindrance effect of oxygen vacancies, which increases the response value from 1.8 to 27 and reduce the response‐recovery time from 140–192 s to 25–26 s toward five ppm NO2 at room temperature. Conversely, PtSA tends to bind to terminal oxygen on the surface of (111)CeO2 and become an independent reaction site. The response value of PtSA‐(111)CeO2 surface only increased from 1.6 to 3.8. This research underscores the correlation between single atoms and crystal plane effects, laying the groundwork for designing and synthesizing ultra‐stable and efficient gas sensors.

Abstract Increases in wildfire activity and rainfall intensification are driving more postfire debris flows (PFDF) in many regions around the world. PFDFs are most common in the first postfire year and may even occur before a fire is fully controlled. This underscores the importance of assessing postfire hazards before a fire starts. Evaluation of PFDF hazards prior to fire can help strategize interventions lessening the negative effects of future fires. However, debris‐flow runout and inundation analyses are not routine in PFDF hazard assessments, partially due to time constraints and substantial uncertainties in boundary conditions. Here, we propose a prefire PFDF inundation assessment framework using a debris‐flow runout model based on the Herschel‐Bulkley (HB) rheology (HEC‐RAS v6.1). We constrain model inputs and parameters using Bayesian posterior analysis, rainfall‐runoff simulations, and a debris‐flow volume model. We use observations from recent PFDF incidents in northern Arizona, USA, to calibrate model components and then apply our prefire inundation assessment framework in a nearby unburned area. Specifically, we (a) identify yield stress as the most influential factor on inundation extent and arrival time in a HB model, (b) establish posterior distributions for model parameters suitable for forward modeling by leveraging uncertainties in field observations, and (c) implement a predictive forward analysis in an area that has not burned recently to evaluate PFDF inundation under several future fire scenarios. This study improves our ability to assess postfire debris‐flow hazards before a fire begins and provides guidance for future applications of single‐phase rheological models when assessing PFDF hazards.

Abstract The subaerial exposure of the modern continental crust through time remains intensely debated, with estimates of the first exposure ranging from the late Archean to the Neoproterozoic. To constrain when and how much of the continental crust was exposed subaerially during Earth's history, we trained a supervised machine learning model on the compositions of modern subaerial and submerged basalts. Then, we applied this well‐trained model to a refined worldwide data set of basaltic compositions and calculated the mean proportions of basalts erupted subaerially since 3.8 billion years ago (Ga). Our results suggest that ∼20% of the basalts were exposed subaerially in the early Archean, which may have driven the synthesis of biopolymers crucial to the origins and evolution of life. The proportion of subaerial basalts increased markedly during two stages between the late Archean and the Paleoproterozoic before reaching the present‐day level no earlier than ∼1.8 Ga.

Abstract Model predictive control (MPC)‐based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system has high dependence on parameter accuracy, while the traditional single observer architecture makes it difficult to solve the multi‐parameter observation problem. The authors propose the hybrid observer architecture for MPC in this paper. By constructing an adaptive parameter observer and a sliding mode observer (SMO) working in parallel, the variable exchange mechanism between the observers is designed and the current prediction model is reconstructed. The sensorless control of the PMSM under parameter uncertainty is achieved without affecting the dynamic and steady‐state performance. Compared with the single SMO architecture, the proposed algorithm improves the position identification precision under the uncertainty of the motor resistance and inductance, reducing the dependence of model parameters and improving the performance of sensorless MPC under parameter uncertainty. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Objective Previous studies have shown that cervical sagittal alignment is strongly associated with cervical deformity, myelopathy, and cervical adjacent‐segmental disease, and these cervical sagittal parameters are correlated with health‐related quality of life. However, less attention has been paid to cervical sagittal balance in various cervical disorders. This study aimed to compare cervical sagittal parameters between patients with nonspecific neck pain (NS‐NP) and patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods We retrospectively examined 236 patients from between January 2020 and October 2022. We divided them into three groups (NS‐NP, CSR, and CSM) and collected general information and cervical sagittal parameters for these patients. The variation of parameters between the size of these parameters and gender differences was analyzed. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation was applied to analyze the association of cervical sagittal parameters of all patients between the three groups. Results There were significant differences in age and sex among the three groups (p

Introduction Currently, there exists considerable debate surrounding the optimal treatment approaches for different subtypes of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the benefits associated with conservative treatment and treatments with different surgical periods for patients diagnosed with acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) and multilevel cervical canal stenosis (CCS). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted, and 93 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital between 2015 and 2020 were followed for a minimum duration of 2 years. Among them, 30 patients (Group A) received conservative treatment, 18 patients (Group B) received early surgery (≤7 days), and 45 patients (Group C) received late surgery (>7 days). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and recovery rate (RR) were evaluated. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze prognostic determinants. Cost‐utility analysis was performed based on the EQ‐5D scale. Results The ASIA grade, JOA score, and RR of all three groups improved compared with the previous evaluation (P 0.05). The EQ‐5D scale in Group B was optimal at the last follow‐up. The incremental cost‐utility ratio (ICUR) of Group A was the lowest, while that of Group B compared to Group A was less than the threshold of patients’ willingness to pay. Age, initial ASIA grade, and treatment types significantly affected the outcomes. Conclusions Both conservative and surgical treatments yield good results. Compared with patients who received conservative treatment and late surgery, patients who received early surgery had better clinical function and living quality. Despite the higher cost, early surgery is cost‐effective when compared to conservative treatment. Younger age, initial better ASIA grade, and earlier surgery were associated with better prognosis.

Abstract A novel distributed feedback optimisation (FO) based control method is proposed to control grid‐forming inverters (GFMIs) in fully inverter‐based islanded AC microgrids (MGs). The proposed controller has two control layers. The upper layer uses FO to calculate the frequency and voltage setpoints of GFMIs, whereas the lower layer makes GFMIs track these setpoints. The proposed control method takes advantage of the flexibility of voltage control to regulate the system frequency, maintain both active power and reactive power sharing accuracies, keep bus voltage within allowable range and meanwhile preserves the optimality of the closed‐loop system in term of optimal power flow. The gradient descent method is used to solve the proposed FO problem based on the real‐time measurements in the MGs, which is implemented in a distributed way, and thus eliminates the need for a central controller. Case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The cover image is based on the Research Article Distributed feedback optimisation based optimal power flow control in fully inverter based islanded AC microgrids by Y. Cheng et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12132.

Abstract Conventional I–f startup control algorithms often lead to significant speed fluctuations, extended convergence times, and sluggish dynamic responses when the motor is working at the acceleration process. To address these challenges, the article constructs a discrete kinetic model of the motor, extracts and summarizes the change law of the motor torque angle fluctuation amplitude and frequency with the motor parameters and the reference current vector during I–f starting process based on the Runge–Kutta method, reveals the fundamental mechanism of the pole slipping of the I–f control. On this basis, the article proposes a closed‐loop I–f starting control strategy for high‐speed permanent magnet motors based on current vector adaptive regulation, The strategy notably improves speed tracking performance and current dynamic response to I–f startup control. Experimental results validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Abstract Subduction processes play a pivotal role in facilitating material exchange between the crust and mantle, contributing to the growth of continents. However, the onset and evolution of subduction remain hotly debated. Here, we developed a high‐dimensional machine learning (ML) model to use multiple compositional data (e.g., Nb/La, Nb, Ti, Nb/U, Pb/Nd, and Nb/Th) to distinguish arc‐type from non‐arc basalts worldwide, then applied this well‐trained ML model to identify and delineate the secular occurrence of Archean arc‐type basalts. Our findings indicate that basaltic arc magmatism can be traced back to only a few early Archean cratons. A noticeable increase in the prevalence of arc‐type basalts during the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean suggests the synchronous formation of Archean subduction across different cratons. This observation hints at transitioning from the predominantly stagnant geodynamic regime to the early, more mobile tectonic regime.

Abstract Uranium extraction from seawater has attracted worldwide attention due to the massive reserves of uranium. Due to the straightforward synthesis and strong affinity toward uranyl ions (UO22+), the amidoxime group shows promise for use in highly efficient uranium capture. However, the low mass transfer efficiency within traditional amidoxime‐based adsorbents severely limits the adsorption rate and the utilization of adsorption sites. In this work, a macroporous polyamidoxime (PAO) hydrogel is prepared by yeast‐based biological foaming combined with ice crystal dispersion that effectively maintained the yeast activity. The yeast‐raised PAO (Y‐PAO) adsorbent has numerous bubble‐like holes with an average pore diameter >100 µm. These macropores connected with the intrinsic micropores of PAO to construct efficient diffusion channels for UO22+ provided fast mass transporting channels, leading to the sufficient exposure of hidden binding sites. The maximum adsorption capacity of Y‐PAO membrane reached 10.07 mg‐U/g‐ads, ≈1.54 times higher than that of the control sample. It took only eight days for Y‐PAO to reach the saturation adsorption capacity of the control PAO (6.47 mg‐U/g‐ads, 28 days). Meanwhile, Y‐PAO possessed excellent ion selectivity, good reusability, and low cost. Overall, the Y‐PAO membrane is a highly promising adsorbent for use in industrial‐scale uranium extraction from seawater.

Key Clinical Message Sexual dysfunction induced by hyperprolactinemia accompanied by reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) is common in anrology clinics. A low dose of bromocriptine is helpful for restoring penile erectile function and libido in patients. Abstract Sexual dysfunction is closely related to hormonal disorders, of which prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) disorders are common. How to treat sexual dysfunction induced by hyperprolactinemia accompanied by reduced LH levels is worth discussing. In this study, we aimed to present the case of a 35‐year‐old male patient with sexual dysfunction. The treatment process and physical and laboratory examination results were recorded. Before treatment, the PRL and LH levels in this patient were 31.27 ng/mL and 1.62 mIU/mL, respectively. The International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) score was initially 14 points. After regular treatment with low doses of bromocriptine and tadalafil, the hormonal disorder was corrected (PRL: 11.16 ng/mL and LH: 2.28 mIU/mL) and sexual function was recovered (IIEF‐5: 23 points). This case report suggested a sufficient exposure to low‐dose bromocriptine for such patients. Conversely, the exogenous supplementation of human chorionic gonadotropin may not be appropriate.

Abstract In the research on strong alkali‐surfactant‐polymer flooding scaling prediction, the variation characteristics of ion concentration in the produced fluid are obviously consistent with those of scale component content. Consequently, studying the variation tendency of ion concentration in produced fluid is helpful for further revealing the scaling tendency. Given the periodicity and chaos characteristics of the ion concentration data of the produced fluid, an echo state network (ESN) is used to realize the relevant time series forecasting. Simultaneously, to cope with the failure of the ESN in selecting suitable reservoir parameters according to different characteristics of time series, a modified discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on objective space decomposition is used to optimize the reservoir parameters. The experimental results indicate that the improved ESN presents the lowest error and is the closest to the target value.

Abstract Background Depression may be associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study was to explore the association of severe of depression with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults in Guizhou, China. Methods A 10‐year prospective cohort study of 7158 nondiabetes adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in Guizhou, southwest China from 2010 to 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) was used to measure the prevalence of depression. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of depression and incident type 2 diabetes. A quantile regression (QR) analytical approach were applied to evaluate the associations of PHQ‐9 score with plasma glucose values. Results A total of 739 type 2 diabetes cases were identified during a median follow‐up of 6.59 years. The HR (95% CI) per 1‐SD increase for baseline PHQ‐9 score was 1.051 (1.021, 1.082) after multivariable adjustment. Compared with participants without depression, those with mild or more advanced depression had a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR:1.440 [95% CI, 1.095, 1.894]). Associations between depression with type 2 diabetes were suggested to be even stronger among women or participants aged ≥45 years (p

Abstract Accurate thermal calculations of end‐winding temperature rises are the key issue in designing and developing cooling systems of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Due to the complex connections of the end‐windings, it is challenging to precisely predict the heat dissipation capacities through a traditional wire‐insulation equivalent model. Numerical simulations and lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTN) are used by the authors to develop thermal models that illustrate the end‐winding properties of a 2.1‐kW PMSM. As multi‐strand end wires are bent and bound together by ribbons, they have thermal interrelations which can hardly be considered in LPTN models. An equivalent coefficient enhancing the axial heat conduction capacities of end‐windings is proposed for LPTN calculations to model the aforementioned thermal interrelations with circumferential symmetric structures. To correctly model the mutual thermal coupling between various strands of end‐windings, the thermal conductivity of the equivalent insulation sheets between the multi‐strand end‐windings is determined for exact numerical calculations. The external insulation sheet thickness is calculated based on the equivalent thermal conductivity. After developing heat conduction models for LPTN and numerical simulations, LPTN and FEA are used to determine the PMSM's temperature rise characteristics. To verify the approaches, the computation findings are contrasted with experimental ones.

Abstract The co‐occurrence of plasmid‐mediated multidrug resistance and hypervirulence in epidemic carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a global public health issue. In this study, an ST23 carbapenem‐resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR‐HvKP) strain VH1‐2 was identified from cucumber in China and harbored a novel hybrid plasmid pVH1‐2‐VIR. The plasmid pVH1‐2‐VIR carrying both virulence and multidrug‐resistance (MDR) genes was likely generated through the recombination of a virulence plasmid and an IncFIIK conjugative MDR plasmid in clinical ST23 18622 isolated from a sputum sample. The plasmid pVH1‐2‐VIR exhibited the capacity for transfer to the clinical ST11 carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) strain via conjugation assay. Acquisition of pVH1‐2‐VIR plasmid directly converted a CRKP into CR‐HvKP strain characterized by hypermucoviscosity, heightened virulence for Galleria mellonella larvae, and increased colonization ability in the mouse intestine. The emergence of such a hybrid plasmid may expedite the spread of CR‐HvKP strains, posing a significant risk to human health.

Abstract Aim Nurse‐led transitional care programmes (TCPs) have been shown to facilitate patient recovery in several illness settings, but its role among patients discharged with T‐tubes remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a nurse‐led TCP among patients discharged with T‐tubes. Design This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary medical centre. Methods From January 2018 to December 2020, a total of 706 patients discharged with T‐tubes after biliary surgery were included in the study. Patients were divided into a TCP group (n = 255) and a control group (n = 451) based on whether they participated in a TCP. The baseline characteristics, discharge readiness, self‐care ability, transitional care quality and quality of life (QoL) were compared between the groups. Results Self‐care ability and transitional care quality were significantly higher in the TCP group. Patients in the TCP group also exhibited improved QoL and satisfaction. The results suggest that the incorporation of a nurse‐led TCP among patients discharged with T‐tubes after biliary surgery is feasible and effective. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Abstract Introduction This study examines the associations between asthma and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) gene polymorphisms. Methods After a systematic literature search in electronic databases, studies were selected based on eligibility criteria. Data were extracted from research articles and were synthesized and tabulated. Where a particular polymorphism data were reported by multiple studies, meta‐analyses of odds ratios were performed, or odds ratios reported by individual studies were pooled. Results Twenty studies (4450 asthma patients and 5306 non‐asthmatic individuals) were identified. Many studies did not find any association between CCTTT repeat polymorphism in NOS2 gene and asthma. However, a study reported that pretreatment mean exhaled NO levels in asthmatics were found to be significantly higher in genotypes with higher number of CCTTT repeats. Also, alleles with

Abstract High nickel (Ni ≥ 80%) lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high specific energy are one of the most important technical routes to resolve the growing endurance anxieties. However, because of their extremely aggressive chemistries, high‐Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs suffer from poor cycle life and safety performance, which hinder their large‐scale commercial applications. Among varied strategies, electrolyte engineering is very powerful to simultaneously enhance the cycle life and safety of high‐Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs. In this review, the pivotal challenges faced by high‐Ni oxide cathodes and conventional LiPF6‐carbonate‐based electrolytes are comprehensively summarized. Then, the functional additives design guidelines for LiPF6‐carbonate ‐based electrolytes and the design principles of high voltage resistance/high safety novel electrolytes are systematically elaborated to resolve these pivotal challenges. Moreover, the proposed thermal runaway mechanisms of high‐Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs are also reviewed to provide useful perspectives for the design of high‐safety electrolytes. Finally, the potential research directions of electrolyte engineering toward high‐performance high‐Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs are provided. This review will have an important impact on electrolyte innovation as well as the commercial evolution of high‐Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs, and also will be significant to breakthrough the energy density ceiling of LIBs.

Abstract Estimating wheat yield accurately is crucial for efficient agricultural management. While canopy spectral information is widely used for this purpose, the incorporation of canopy volumetric features (CVFs) remains underexplored. This study bridges this gap by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imaging to capture images and elevation data of wheat at key developmental stages—gestation and flowering stages. We innovatively leveraged the elevation differences between these stages to calculate canopy height, develop a novel CVF, and refine the wheat yield prediction model across various wheat varieties, nitrogen fertilizer levels, and planting densities. The integration of canopy volume information significantly enhanced the accuracy of our yield prediction model, as evidenced by an R2 of 0.8380, an RMSE of 313.3 kg/ha, and an nRMSE of 11.33%. This approach not only yielded more precise estimates than models relying solely on spectral data but also introduced a novel dimension to wheat yield estimation methodologies. Our findings suggest that incorporating canopy volume characteristics can substantially optimize wheat yield prediction models, presenting a groundbreaking perspective for agricultural yield estimation.

Abstract Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is considered a physical and mental illness. A variety of potential associations between gut microbiota and health or disease have been found. By comparing the gut microbiota of healthy controls and ED patients, our study investigated the relationship between ED and gut microbiota. The results revealed that the ED group exhibited a significantly higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Escherichia‐Shigella and Megamonas, while showing a significantly lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium compared to the control group. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota played a role in the onset and progression of ED by influencing the gut barrier, cardiovascular system and mental health, which provided a novel perspective on understanding the pathophysiology of ED. What is more, we had identified several key gut microbiota. By combining 16S rRNA sequencing with machine learning techniques, we were able to uncover the significant value and impact of gut microbiota in the early detection of ED.

Abstract Background Diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKA) is the first member discovered from the diacylglycerol kinase family, and it has been linked to the progression of various types of tumors. However, it is unclear whether DGKA is linked to the development of lung cancer. Methods We investigated the levels of DGKA in the lung cancer tissues. Cell growth assay, colony formation assay and EdU assay were used to examine the effects of DGKA‐targeted siRNAs/shRNAs/drugs on the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vitro. Xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the role of DGKA inhibitor ritanserin on the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vivo. The downstream target of DGKA in lung tumorigenesis was identified by RNA sequencing. Results DGKA is upregulated in the lung cancer cells. Functional assays and xenograft mouse model indicated that the proliferation ability of lung cancer cells was impaired after inhibiting DGKA. And cyclin D3(CCND3) is the downstream target of DGKA promoting lung cancer. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that DGKA promotes lung tumorigenesis by regulating the CCND3 expression and hence it can be considered as a potential molecular biomarker to evaluate the prognosis of lung cancer patients. What's more, we also demonstrated the efficacy of ritanserin as a promising new medication for treating lung cancer.

Abstract Aim To explore the prevalence and related factors influencing diabetes stigma among Chinese young and middle‐aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Design A cross‐sectional, quantitative study was conducted through questionnaires. Methods A total of 453 young and middle‐aged patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Questionnaire survey was conducted with convenience sampling from September 2019 to December 2020. This included demographic questionnaire, Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS‐2) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). The STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study. Results The scores of diabetes stigma and resilience of patients were 48.18 ± 14.52 and 66.02 ± 7.18, respectively. Diabetes stigma was negatively correlated with resilience, the correlation coefficient was −0.581. The results showed that the complications, diabetes year, monthly income and insulin treatment are important factors affecting stigma. In addition, it is resilience that was a protective factor of diabetes stigma, explaining 27.2% of the variance in diabetes stigma.

Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) patients routinely show poor immunotherapeutic response due to the complex tumour microenvironment (TME). It is urgent to explore new immunotherapeutic markers. Methods: Through the single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analyses on high‐grade serous OC (HGSOC), moderate severity borderline tumour and matched normal ovary, we identified a novel exhausted T cells subpopulation that related to poor prognosis in OC. Histological staining, multiple immunofluorescences, and flow cytometry were applied to validate some results from scRNA‐seq. Furthermore, a tumour‐bearing mice model was constructed to investigate the effects of TNFRSF1B treatment on tumour growth in vivo. Results: Highly immunosuppressive TME in HGSOC is displayed compared to moderate severity borderline tumour and matched normal ovary. Subsequently, a novel exhausted subpopulation of CD8+TNFRSF1B+ T cells is identified, which is associated with poor survival. In vitro experiments demonstrate that TNFRSF1B is specifically upregulated on activated CD8+ T cells and suppressed interferon‐γ secretion. The expression of TNFRSF1B on CD8+T cells is closely related to OC clinical malignancy and is a marker of poor prognosis through 140 OC patients’ verification. In addition, the blockade of TNFRSF1B inhibits tumour growth via profoundly remodeling the immune microenvironment in the OC mouse model. Conclusions: Our transcriptomic results analyzed by scRNA‐seq delineate a high‐resolution snapshot of the entire tumour ecosystem of OC TME. The major applications of our findings were an exhausted subpopulation of CD8+TNFRSF1B+ T cells for predicting OC patient prognosis and the potential therapeutic value of TNFRSF1B. These findings demonstrated the clinical value of TNFRSF1B as a potential immunotherapy target and extended our understanding of factors contributing to immunotherapy failure in OC.

Abstract Background Kushenol A is natural flavonoid extract discovered in recent years, with potential anti‐tumor activity. Its role in breast cancer is poorly understood. Methods To investigate biological function of Kushenol A in breast cancer (BC), Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, qPCR analysis, and xenograft mouse model were performed. Results We found that Kushenol A treatment reduced proliferative capability and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of BC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Besides, Kushenol A treatment contributed to the upregulation of apoptosis‐related and cell cycle‐associated genes. In nude mice, Kushenol A administration repressed BC xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistically, phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR were markedly attenuated in Kushenol A‐treated BC cells; however, there were no significant differences in total AKT and mTOR expressions. Moreover, PI3K inhibitor combined with Kushenol A exhibited synergistic inhibitory activity on cell proliferation. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggested that Kushenol A suppressed BC cell proliferation by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Kushenol A may be a promising therapeutic drug for treating BC.

ABSTRACT Aims To explore the influence of nine healthy lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Guizhou, China. Methods Data were obtained from a large population‐based prospective cohort study in Guizhou Province, China. A total of 7,319 participants aged ≥18 years without diabetes at baseline were included in this study and were followed up from 2016 to 2020. A healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on the number of healthy lifestyle factors. Results During an average of 7.1 person‐years of follow‐up, 764 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared with those of participants who scored 0–3 for a healthy lifestyle, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of those who scored 4, 5, 6, and ≥7 were 0.676 (0.523–0.874), 0.599 (0.464–0.773), 0.512 (0.390–0.673), and 0.393 (0.282–0.550), respectively, showing a gradual downward trend (P for trend

Abstract Driving distraction caused by cellphone usage has become a common safety threat. As distraction detection methods based on driver's position or eye movement may raise privacy issues, a promising way is to analyze the vehicle's lane‐keeping performance. This paper proposed a detection algorithm based on eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to develop a real‐time driving distraction detection based on lane‐keeping performance. The algorithm includes knowledge‐based volatility feature extraction and feature selection by recursive feature elimination (RFE). To obtain dynamic patterns of lane‐keeping performance affected by different types of cellphone usage, browsing a short message, browsing a long message, and answering a phone call, a driving simulator experiment was conducted on 28 drivers. Results showed that the proposed XGBoost‐RFE method is reliable and promising to predict phone usage with 80% accuracy. The results also evoke the fact that sliding window size, which is about 80% of subtask duration, can be appropriate for real‐time detection of multiple cellphone usages. For overlap percentages, 67% of sliding window size can balance the efficiency and continuity of data in adjacent sliding windows. The paper's potential application includes the design of a real‐time driving distraction detection system.

Abstract Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of the drug‐resistant and highly recurrent refractory T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). Primary tumor cell‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become very useful tumor models for cancer research including drug sensitivity tests. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying drug resistance in T‐ALL using the T‐ALL‐derived iPSCs (T‐iPSCs) model. T‐ALL cells were transformed using iPSC reprogramming factors (Sox‐2, Klf4, Oct4, and Myc) via nonintegrating Sendai virus. T‐iPSCs with the Notch1 mutation were then identified through genomic sequencing. Furthermore, T‐iPSCs resistant to 80 μM LY411575, a γ‐secretase and Notch signal inhibitor, were also established. We found a significant difference in the expression of drug resistance‐related genes between the drug‐resistant T‐iPSCs and drug‐sensitive groups. Among the 27 genes, six most differently expressed genes (DEGs) based on Log2FC >5 were identified. Knockdown analyses using RNA interference (RNAi) revealed that MAEL is the most important gene associated with drug resistance in T‐ALL cells. Also, MAEL knockdown downregulated expression of MRP and LRP in drug‐resistant T‐iPSCs. Interestingly, this phenomenon partially restored the sensitivity of the cells to LY411575. Furthermore, overexpression of the MAEL gene enhanced drug resistance against LY411575. Conclusively, MAEL promotes LY411575 resistance in T‐ALL cells increasing the expression of MRP and LRP genes.

Abstract Sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained worldwide interest owing to their advantages of low cost and self‐powering. However, the detection of most triboelectric vibration sensors (TVS) is restricted to low frequency, whereas high‐frequency vibration signals are successfully measured in recent studies; their sensitivity still requires improvement. Hence, a highly sensitive vibration sensor based on TENG (HSVS‐TENG) with ultrawide frequency response is presented. This study is the first to introduce a quasi‐zero stiffness structure into the TENG to minimize the driving force by optimizing the magnetic induction intensity and the weight of the moving part. The results show that the HSVS‐TENG can measure vibrations with frequencies ranging from 2.5 to 4000 Hz, with a sensitivity ranging from 0.32 to 134.9 V g−1. Moreover, the sensor exhibits a good linear response versus the applied acceleration, and the linearity ranges from 0.08 to 2.81 V g−1. The self‐powered sensor can monitor the running state and fault type of the key components with a recognition accuracy of 98.9% by leveraging machine‐learning algorithms. The results reach a new height for the ultrawide frequency response and high sensitivity of the TVS and provide an idea for a follow‐up high‐resolution TVS.

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf rust is the most common and widely distributed wheat disease. Non‐destructive and real‐time methods for monitoring wheat leaf rust can help prevent and control plant diseases in agricultural production. In this study, we obtained multispectral imagery of the wheat canopy acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle, selected the vegetation index using the K‐means algorithm (KA) and genetic algorithm (GA), and established a wheat leaf rust monitoring model based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method. The results showed that the R2 and RMSE of the KA‐BPNN model were 0.902% and 5.45% for the modeling set, respectively, and 0.784% and 4.76% for the validation set, respectively; and the R2 and RMSE of the GA‐BPNN model was 0.922% and 4.88% for the modeling set, respectively, and 0.780% and 4.28% for the validation set, respectively. The prediction model after optimizing the variables using KA and GA had higher accuracy than the BPNN model, implying that using variable dimensionality reduction methods and complex machine learning algorithms to construct estimation models can improve model accuracy significantly. These models accurately monitored leaf rust in winter wheat, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for assessing plant diseases and screening disease‐resistant wheat varieties.

Abstract One of the most appealing material systems for solar energy conversion is all‐polymer blend. Presently, the three key merits (power conversion efficiency, operation stability and mechanical robustness) exhibited a trade‐off in a particular all‐polymer blend system, which greatly limit its commercial application. Diverting the classic ternary tactic of organic solar cells based on polymer, nonfullerene small molecule and fullerene, herein we demonstrate that the three merits of a benchmark all‐polymer blend PM6:PY‐IT can be simultaneously maximized via the introduction of a polymerized fullerene derivative PPCBMB. Importantly, the addition of the guest component promoted the power conversion efficiency of PM6:PY‐IT blend from 16.59% to 18.04%. Meanwhile, the device stability and film ductility are also improved due to the addition of this polymerized fullerene material. Morphology and device physics analyses reveal that optimal ternary system contains well‐maintained molecular packing and crystallinity, being beneficial to keeping favorable charge transport and the reduced domain size contributed to charge generation and ductility improvement. Furthermore, the ternary photovoltaic blend was successfully used as photocatalysts, and an excellent heavy metal removal from water was demonstrated. This study showcases the multi‐functions of all‐polymer blends via the use of polymerized fullerenes.

Objectives Recently the effects of coronal malalignment (CM) in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) have been reported, however, there was few studies on the correlated parameters of coronal alignments at pre‐operation. The aims of this current study were to investigate the associations of coronal parameters with scoliosis and coronal alignment, and to explore the relationships between the coronal pelvic tilt and coronal alignment in DLS. Methods One hundred and sixty‐one DLS patients in our hospital from May 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed and documented. The coronal balance distance (CBD, the offset between the center of C7 and the plumb line drawn from the center of S1), major Cobb (MC), fractional Cobb (FC), L4 coronal tilt, L5 coronal tilt, coronal pelvic tilt, apical rotation, and the vertebras in major curve were measured and documented. CM was considered if the CBD ≥ 30mm. All of those participants were assigned into group A (CBD ≥ 30 mm) and group B (CBD

Abstract High‐frequency sinusoidal voltage excitation is proposed as a feasible method to solve the difficulty of partial discharge detection at the epoxy interface. In order to study the development process of partial discharge under high‐frequency stress, a two‐dimensional plasma simulation model of partial discharge for a needle‐plate electrode structure is established by coupling particle transport equation, Poisson equation and plasma chemical reaction. The model adopts a reaction set to reduce the difficulty of modelling generation, transport and disappearance of charged particles. It realises dynamic simulation of the partial discharge at the epoxy interface. The spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of microscopic parameters such as electron density, electron temperature and surface charge are obtained. Based on this simulation model, the partial discharge characteristics of the epoxy interface at different frequencies are further studied in this work. The results show that with the increase of applied voltage frequency, the electron temperature shows an increasing trend, but its increasing rate gradually slows down; while surface charge accumulation decreases uniformly with the increase of applied voltage frequency. These two factors make the partial discharge severest under the frequency of 10 kHz. The results of the model are verified from two aspects of discharge form and discharge intensity by experimental means.

Abstract The rapid rise of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are emerging energy conversion devices in advanced electronics and wearable sensing systems, has elevated the interest in high‐performance and multifunctional triboelectric materials. Among them, cellulosic materials, affording high efficiency, biodegradability, and customizability, are becoming a new front‐runner. The inherently low dielectric constant limits the increase in the surface charge density. However, owing to its unique structure and excellent processability, cellulose shows great potential for dielectric modulation, providing a strong impetus for its advanced applications in the era of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the fabrication of dielectric‐enhanced cellulosic triboelectric materials via dielectric modulation. The exceptional advantages and research progress in cellulosic materials are highlighted. The effects of the dielectric constant, polarization, and percolation threshold on the charge density are systematically investigated, providing a theoretical basis for cellulose dielectric modulation. Typical dielectric characterization methods are introduced, and their technical characteristics are analyzed. Furthermore, the performance enhancements of cellulosic triboelectric materials endowed by dielectric modulation, including more efficient energy harvesting, high‐performance wearable electronics, and impedance matching via material strategies, are introduced. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for cellulose dielectric modulation are summarized.

Abstract The evolution of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) during the Holocene remains controversial because of the lack of reliable proxies. In this study, a link between cross‐front transport and the EAWM was found in the North Yellow Sea, and the EAWM intensity could be imprinted in the leaked sediment, which permits reliable reconstruction of the EAWM on well‐preserved offshore deposition. By comparison with instrumental data, the wind speed of the EAWM since 4.4 ka was quantitatively reconstructed for the first time at high resolution (∼5 yr). The results show that the EAWM gradually weakened in the mid‐to‐late Holocene, which was likely controlled by solar insolation, and that there has been a negative relationship between the EAWM and temperature on the centennial scale since ∼2.0 ka; this relationship was reversed by increasing CO2 emissions during the Current Warm Period.

Ischemic strokes (IS) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) account for approximately 80% of all strokes and are leading causes of death worldwide. Assessing the risk of recurrence or functional impairment in IS and TIA patients is essential to both acute phase treatment and secondary prevention. Current risk prediction systems that rely on clinical parameters alone without leveraging imaging data have only modest performance. Herein, a deep learning‐based risk prediction system (RPS) is developed to predict the probability of stroke recurrence or disability (i.e., deep‐learning stroke recurrence risk score, SRR score). Then, Kaplan–Meier analysis to evaluate the ability of SRR score to stratify patients at stroke recurrence risk is discussed. Using 15 166 Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR‐III) cases, the RPS's receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.850 for 14 day TIA recurrence prediction and 0.837 for 3 month IS disability prediction are used. Among patients deemed high risk by SRR score, 22.9% and 24.4% of individuals with TIA and IS respectively have stroke recurrence within 1 year, which are significantly higher than the rates in low‐risk individuals. Deep learning‐based RPS can outperform conventional risk scores and has the potential to assist accurate prognostication in stroke patients to optimize management.