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Hazards from medical and industrial radiation exposures are reviewed briefly. The importance of the prevention of radiation injuries is stressed. (C.H.) 2O242 The Ionizing Radiations (Sealed Sources) Regulations 1961 apply only in premises subject to the Factories Act 1961. They require appropriate safety precautions in the use of sealed radioactive sources and machines that produce x- rays. The most important processes concerned are radiography, fluoroscopy, crystallography, thickness gauging, package monitoring, level gauging, and static elimination. Where reasonably practicable all sources of ionizing radiations should be adequately shielded. Work should be conducted so that workers receive the minimum amount of radiation and do not exceed the maximum permissible doses specified in the schedule. Workers employed in work involving the use of ionizing radiations and who work where the dose rate exceeds 0.75 mr/hr are classified workers, must wear a film badge, and have appropriate medical examinations. Further requirements include the provision of monitors, leakage testing of sealed sources, appointment of competent personnel and the keeping of appropriate records. Regulations dealing with unsealed radioactive substances are in draft form. (auth)

SUMMARY A series of 121 patients who have undergone uretero-pelvic plastic procedures of various types have been reviewed. We performed the Anderson-Hynes operation, the Foley Y-plasty, the intubated ureterotomy of Davis, the unintubated ureterotomy of Casey and other procedures. In our practice the results in the first three procedures mentioned have been superior to all the others. Good and improved results were obtained in 81.9 per cent. of the cases, failures accounted for 18.1 per cent., nephrectomy was found necessary in 4.1 per cent. of the cases.