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Abstract It is a critical part of increasing renewable energy accommodation by using virtual power plant (VPP) to attain carbon neutrality. However, VPP applications primarily consider VPP's participation in power market transactions as a whole and rarely consider the transaction interaction between internal resources. VPP's internal resources complement each other organically, and blockchain technology for distributed transactions has incorporated points. In this article, the authors undertake a study and examine the P2P scenario of VPP internal transactions in light of the issues experienced by DERs transactions. Next, the authors analyse the consensus mechanism, smart contract, inter‐blockchain technology, and game theory, and how to apply them in the P2P scenarios of VPP internal transactions. Further, the authors design the function of the DER transaction system, which lays the foundation for the realisation of the system in the future. Finally, the authors conclude that the potential of blockchain technology in P2P transactions between internal entities of the VPP is significant and warrants further investigation.

Abstract When participating in demand response, the industrial adjustable load has the advantages of large capacity, high benefit, and easy management compared with commercial and residential loads. However, the stage of the production process is strongly coupled with the power consumption process, especially in the steel industry. Here, a multi‐objective optimization model for the optimal scheduling of hot rolling load considering the actual production operation conditions was proposed, the model was abstracted into a vehicle routing problem (VRP) ,which is a typical combinatorial optimization problem .To minimize the cost of electricity and the risk of delivery order default, this paper considered the jump penalty value between adjacent slabs simultaneously, constructed an integrated scheduling model of hot rolling shop scheduling and power demand response, and designed a multi‐objective production scheduling algorithm based on NSGA‐II to solve the problem. The results showed that the proposed method can realize the reasonable distribution of production load under the constraints of electricity price and production.