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Your search keyword '"Smith, H G"' showing total 18 results
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18 results on '"Smith, H G"'

1. Early‐season mass‐flowering crop cover dilutes wild bee abundance and species richness in temperate regions: A quantitative synthesis

Author

Riggi, L. G. A., primary, Raderschall, C. A., additional, Fijen, T. P. M., additional, Scheper, J., additional, Smith, H. G., additional, Kleijn, D., additional, Holzschuh, A., additional, Aguilera, G., additional, Badenhausser, I., additional, Bänsch, S., additional, Beyer, N., additional, Blitzer, E. J., additional, Bommarco, R., additional, Danforth, B., additional, González‐Varo, J. P., additional, Grab, H., additional, Le Provost, G., additional, Poveda, K., additional, Potts, S. G., additional, Rundlöf, M., additional, Steffan‐Dewenter, I., additional, Tscharntke, T., additional, Vilà, M., additional, Westphal, C., additional, Berggren, Å., additional, and Lundin, O., additional

Published
2023
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2. Early-season mass-flowering crop cover dilutes wild bee abundance and species richness in temperate regions: A quantitative synthesis

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), Riggi, Lea G. A., Raderschall, C. A., Fijen, T. P. M., Scheper, J., Smith, H. G., Kleijn, David, Vilà, Montserrat, Lundin, O., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), Riggi, Lea G. A., Raderschall, C. A., Fijen, T. P. M., Scheper, J., Smith, H. G., Kleijn, David, Vilà, Montserrat, and Lundin, O.

Abstract

1. Pollinators benefit from increasing floral resources in agricultural landscapes, which could be an underexplored co-benefit of mass-flowering crop cultivation. However, the impacts of mass-flowering crops on pollinator communities are complex and appear to be context-dependent, mediated by factors such as crop flowering time and the availability of other flower resources in the landscape. A synthesis of research is needed to develop management recommendations for effective pollinator conservation in agroecosystems. 2. By combining 22 datasets from 13 publications conducted in nine temperate countries (20 European, 2 North American), we investigated if mass-flowering crop flowering time (early or late season), bloom state (during or after crop flowering) and extent of non-crop habitat cover in the landscape moderated the effect of mass-flowering crop cover on wild pollinator abundance and species richness in mass-flowering crop and non-crop habitats. 3. During bloom, wild bee abundance and richness are negatively related to mass-flowering crop cover. Dilution effects were predominant in crop habitats and early in the season, except for bumblebees, which declined with mass-flowering crop cover irrespective of habitat or season. Late in the season and in non-crop habitats, several of these negative relationships were either absent or reversed. Late-season mass-flowering crop cover is positively related to honeybee abundance in crop habitats and to other bee abundance in non-crop habitats. These results indicate that crop-adapted species, like honeybees, move to forage and concentrate on late-season mass-flowering crops at a time when flower availability in the landscape is limited, potentially alleviating competition for flower resources in non-crop habitats. We found no evidence of pollinators moving from mass-flowering crop to non-crop habitats after crop bloom. 4. Synthesis and applications: Our results confirm that increasing early-season mass-flowering crop cov

Published
2023

18. Humoral immunity to herpes simplex viral-induced antigens in smokers.

Author

Smith HG, Horowitz N, Silverman NA, Henson DE, and Chretien PB

Subjects
Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Antibody Formation, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin A analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Male, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Immunity, Simplexvirus immunology, Smoking
Abstract

Antibodies to herpes simplex viral-induced antigens (HSVIA) were assayed by an indirect immunofluorescent technique in 93 regular cigarette smokers, 75 of whom also imbibed alcoholic beverages. Controls were 94 nonsmoking, nondrinking volunteers matched with the smoker for age and sex. IgA antibodies to HSVIA were detected six times more frequently in the sera of smokers than in nonsmoking controls, p less than .0005. IgG and IgM anti-HSVIA were detected with comparable frequencies in both groups, but the antibody titers were significantly higher in the smoking group than in controls, p less than .05. IgA anti-HSVIA was detected more frequently in smokers with 10 or more pack-years of cigarette exposure than in smokers with 10 or more pack-years of smoking (p less than .05) or in matched nonsmokers (p less than .02). IgA antibody titers to HSVIA were significantly higher in cigarette smokers who drank alcoholic beverages than in smokers who did not drink, p less than .025. This study demonstrates that cigarette smoking and the use of alcoholic beverages are associated with heightened humoral immunity to HSV-induced antigens in a population at high risk for development of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region.

Published
1976
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