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To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of applying a computed tomography (CT) texture analysis model trained with deep-learning reconstruction images to iterative reconstruction images for classifying pulmonary nodules.CT images of 102 patients, with a total of 118 pulmonary nodules (52 benign, 66 malignant) were retrospectively reconstructed with a deep-learning reconstruction (artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction [AIIR]) and a hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) technique. The AIIR data were divided into a training (n = 96) and a validation set (n = 22), and the HIR data were set as the test set (n = 118). Extracted texture features were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and t-test. The diagnostic performance of the classification model was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the area under ROC (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.Among the obtained 68 texture features, 51 (75.0%) were not influenced by the change of reconstruction algorithm (p 0.05). Forty-four features were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules (p 0.05) for the AIIR dataset, which were selected to build the classification model. The accuracy and AUC of the classification model were 92.3% and 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.90) with the validation set, which were 80.0% and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.86) with the test set.With the CT texture analysis model trained with deep-learning reconstruction (AIIR) images showing favorable diagnostic accuracy in discriminating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, it also has certain applicability to the iterative reconstruction (HIR) images.

Oxidation of the iron(II) precursor [(L 1 )Fe II Cl 2 ] with soluble iodosylbenzene s PhIO, where L 1 is a tetradentate bispidine, leads to the extremely reactive ferryl oxidant [(L 1 )(Cl)Fe IV =O] + with a cis disposition of the chlorido and oxido coligands as observed in nonheme halogenase enzymes. Experimental data indicate that, with cyclohexane as substrate, there is selective formation of chlorocyclohexane, where the halogenation is initiated by C-H abstraction and the result of a rebound of the ensuing radical to an iron-bound Cl - . The time-resolved formation of the halogenation product indicates that this primarily results from s PhIO oxidation of an initially formed oxido-bridged diiron(III) resting state. The high yield of up to over 70% (stoichiometric reaction) as well as the differing reactivities of free Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in comparison with [(L 1 )Fe II Cl 2 ] indicate a high complex stability of the bispidine-iron complexes. A DFT analysis shows that, due to a large driving force and small triplet-quintet gap, in comparison to other small molecule halogenase models [(L 1 )(Cl)Fe IV =O] + is the most reactive, that the Fe III / radical rebound intermediate has a relatively long lifetime, supported by experimentally observed cage escape, and that this intermediate has, as observed experimentally, a lower energy barrier to the halogenation than the hydroxylation product, and this is shown to primarily be due to steric effects.

Premise of the StudyFor many crops, research into the origin and partitioning of genetic variation is limited and this can slow or prevent crop improvement programs. Many of these underutilized crops have traits that could be of benefit in a changing climate due to stress tolerance or nutritional properties. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is one such crop. All parts of the plant can be eaten, from the roots to the seeds, and is high in protein as well as other micronutrients. The goal of our study was to identify the wild progenitor and analyze the partitioning of genetic variation in the crop.MethodsWe used molecular phylogenetic analyses (cpDNA and nuclear ITS sequencing) to resolve relationships between all species in the genus, and population genetics (utilizing microsatellites) to identify genetic clusters of winged bean accessions and compare this to geography.Key ResultsWe find that winged bean is genetically distinct from all other members of the genus. We also provide support for four groups of species in the genus, largely, but not completely, corresponding to the results of previous morphological analyses. Within winged bean, population genetic analysis using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers suggests four genetic groups; however, there is little correspondence between the genetic variation and the geography of the accessions.ConclusionsThe true wild progenitor of winged bean remains unknown (or is extinct). There has likely been large‐scale cross‐breeding, trade, and transport of winged bean and/or multiple origins of the crop.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a promising material for flexible and printed electronics. Efficient dispersion and sorting methods facilitate the production of large quantities of high-quality semiconducting SWNT inks for direct printing. Here, the suitability of aerosol-jet printing of polymer-sorted (6,5) SWNTs for top-gate field-effect transistors is investigated. Despite the sonication involved in the printing process, almost no impact on the quality of the SWNTs in terms of defects and length is found. Printed network transistors show reproducible device performance over extended printing periods and for different ink batches with constant printing parameters. Deposition of multiple SWNT layers to obtain thicker and optically dense films increases the effective mobility and on-conductance, while also decreasing hysteresis. Aerosol-jet printing of SWNTs is thus suitable for the fabrication of integrated circuits based on nanotube transistors.