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Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatologic disease of childhood. The various subtypes of JIA differ in clinical features and treatments. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of JIA subtypes, patient demographic and clinical features, as well as the rates of macrophage activation syndrome, uveitis, and remission in Turkish JIA patients treated at a single center, and to compare the findings to those in the literature. Materials and methods The files of all JIA patients treated at our pediatric rheumatology department between January 2017 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from the patients' files and hospital database. Results The study included 305 patients (180 females) with a mean age at onset of 7.83 ± 4.62 years. Among all the JIA subtypes, the most frequent was oligoarthritis (41.6%), followed by enthesitis-related arthritis (29.2%), rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarthritis (13.4%) systemic arthritis (9.5%), RF-positive polyarthritis (2.6%), psoriatic arthritis (2.0%), and undifferentiated arthritis (1.6%). At the time of data collection 278 patients (91.0%) were in remission, whereas 27 patients (9.0%) had active disease. Macrophage activation syndrome developed in 12 of the 29 (41.0%) systemic arthritis. Uveitis was noted in 32 (10.0%) patients. Biological agents were administered in 142 of the patients. Conclusion The available data indicate that JIA as a whole is a heterogeneous disease with significant variability in course and long-term outcome. As such, each patient should be evaluated according to his/her disease subtype.

Background To establish sonographic (US) criteria for the diagnosis of internal jugular phlebectasia (IJP) in children and to determine reliable cutoff values of US measurements with high specificity and sensitivity. Methods We used B-mode US for the measurement of internal jugular vein transverse (T) and anteroposterior (AP) diameter, and cross-sectional area (CSA) at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) in 21 patients, aged 15 months to 16 years, diagnosed with IJP, and compared the results with those of 88 healthy children. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine the optimal cutoff values. Results Patients with IJP had higher T, AP diameters, and CSA at rest and during VM than controls on the same side (p 15 mm as a cutoff point for both sides for the diagnosis of IJP in daily practice. US measurement of the jugular vein diameter might help increasing clinicians' awareness of clinically unrecognized cases of IJP and identifying borderline cases that require follow-up. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:486–492, 2013

Aim: To reveal the perceptions, knowledge and practices of our parents regarding children's fever and to discuss the differences between other populations. Methods: Parents of 200 febrile children aged 0–16 years were interviewed between October and November 2007 in the Pediatric Emergency Department at Dr Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital. Questions about socio-demographical data, children's previous history about fever, parental beliefs and practices concerning fever were asked. Results: Of the parents, 56.5% stated that fever could be determined by touching the forehead. Of the parents, 43.5% determined children's fever by using thermometer. Only 27.5% of parents knew the correct temperature for fever. Mercury-in-glass thermometer was the preferred one to measure children's fever. The preferred route of measuring temperature was the axillary site. Maternal educational level was significantly associated with knowledge on correct definition of fever and proper use of thermometer (P 0.05), corroborating the findings of studies from different populations. Conclusion: Parental education about ‘fever in childhood’ in our population may positively effect parental knowledge and approach to fever. However, parental education may not be effective in removing parental fear of fever in our population.