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Respiration is one of the most important physiological processes of the human body. Continuous monitoring of respiration with wearable sensors can provide abundant information related to the health status of the respiratory system. However, the vast majority of the developed respiration sensors are constructed on nontextile substrates, resulting in dissatisfactory convenience, comfortness, and aesthetics. Additionally, special micro‐/nanomaterials are inevitably involved to construct the respiration sensors, which pose potential hazards to the human body due to the exfoliation and inhalation of these micro‐/nanomaterials. Here, humidity‐ and temperature‐sensitive electronic textiles (e‐Textiles) are presented, which are fabricated based on easily accessible and biofriendly materials (e.g., sodium chloride, glycerin, aluminum fiber, carbon fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol). Moreover, the proposed e‐Textiles use a potentiometric sensing mechanism, featuring self‐powered signal outputs and ultralow power consumption. The humidity and temperature‐sensing functionalities can also be in situ integrated into commercial masks for constructing full‐textile and all‐in‐one e‐Masks for comprehensive respiration monitoring. As demonstrations, both single‐point respiration monitoring (e.g., intensity, frequency, etc.) and 2D respiratory analysis (i.e., airflow distribution) can be realized with the e‐Masks. This work provides a facile and scalable approach to manufacture self‐powered and fully fabric respiration sensors for comprehensive respiratory analysis.

Abstract In this letter, a novel true random number generator (TRNG) with high energy‐efficient and throughput is proposed for cryptographic systems. The current starve based ring oscillator (CSRO) is biased in the subthrehold region as an entropy source. An individual ring oscillator (RO) is sampled using multiple sampling points of the CSRO working in the sub‐threshold region to obtain a multi‐channel sequence output, thereby fully exploiting the randomness of the entropy source. The proposed TRNG is implemented using a standard 40nm CMOS technology and the simulation results show that it provides high‐quality and 20.66 Mbps random sequences while only consuming 11.46 μW at 1.1 V, 25°C. In addition, the proposed TRNG passes the NIST SP 800‐22 and the NIST SP 800‐90B tests without post‐processing and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of energy consumption per bit of the output bitstream, reaching 0.555pJ/bit.

Abstract Background Sarcopenia was thought to be associated with adverse outcomes and will cause lots of health expenditure. But the relationship between sarcopenia and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) had been little explored. Here, we examined the distribution of sarcopenia in relation to medical and payment burdens. Methods We used data from three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study including 14 130 participants from 9077 households aged over 50 years old. Sarcopenia was operationalized according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Medical expenditure was obtained by self‐reported data, and CHE was identified by WHO definitions. We used the negative binomial regression model and logistic mixed‐effects models to examine the associations between sarcopenia and medical and CHE. Results A total of 14 130 participants [52.2% female, aged 60.8 (SD 9.3)] from 9077 households were included in this study. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.8%, 11.9% for moderate sarcopenia, and 7.9% for severe sarcopenia, respectively. We identified 1416 household CHE events in all three waves. Severe sarcopenia was associated with an increase in the number of inpatient visits [incidence rate ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.66, P = 0.03] and the risk of CHE (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P

Abstract Garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 attracts great interest due to its high ion conductivity and wide electrochemical window. But the huge interfacial resistance, Li dendrite growth, and low critical current density (CCD) block the practical applications. Herein, a superlithiophilic 3D burr‐microsphere (BM) interface layer composed of ionic conductor LiF‐LaF3 is constructed in situ to achieve a high‐rate and ultra‐stable solid‐state lithium metal battery. The 3D‐BM interface layer with a large specific surface area shows a superlithiophilicity and its contact angle with molten Li is only 7° enabling the facile infiltration of molten Li. The assembled symmetrical cell reaches one of the highest CCD (2.7 mA cm−2) at room temperature, an ultra‐low interface impedance of 3 Ω cm2, and a super‐long cycling stability of 12 000 h at 0.1–1.5 mA cm−2 without Li dendrite growth. The solid‐state full cells with 3D‐BM interface show outstanding cycling stability (LiFePO4: 85.4%@900 cycles@1 C; LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2:89%@200 cycles@0.5 C) and a high rate capacity (LiFePO4:135.5mAh g−1 at 2 C). Moreover, the designed 3D‐BM interface is quite stable after 90 days of storage in the air. This study offers a facile strategy to address the critical interface issues and accelerate the practical application of garnet‐type SSE in high performance solid‐state lithium metal batteries.

Abstract Due to the complicated nature of carbon dots (CDs), fluorescence mechanism of red fluorescent CDs is still unrevealed and features highly controversial. Reliable and effective strategies for manipulating the red fluorescence of CDs are urgently needed. Herein, CDs with one‐photon excited (622 nm, QYs ≈ 17%) and two‐photon (629 nm) excited red fluorescence are prepared by acidifying o‐phenylenediamine‐based reaction sediments. Systematic analysis reveals that the protonation of amino groups increases the particle surface potential, disperse the bulk sediments into nano‐scale CDs. In the meanwhile, amino protonation of pyridinic nitrogen (–N=) structure inserts numerous n orbital energy levels between the π → π* transition, narrows the gap distance for photon transition, and induces red fluorescence emission on CDs. Present research reveals an effective pathway to activate CDs reaction sediments and trigger red emission, thus may open a new avenue for developing CDs with ideal optical properties and promising application prospects.

Abstract Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has been used to treat locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) disseminated to primary gross tumor volume (pGTV) and mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). However, it is challenging to deliver definitive doses to the pGTV and regional LNs without exceeding the tolerance of the organs at risk (OAR). Iodine‐125 (I‐125) brachytherapy has recently been applied in clinical practice for the treatment of malignant tumors. Its merits include a higher dose to the primary tumor lesion and lower dose surrounding the tumor mass. Using brachytherapy in these settings may maximize the dose delivered to the pGTV while minimizing the dose delivered to the OAR. I‐125 brachytherapy combined with IMRT for the treatment of LA‐NSCLC has rarely been reported. Here we report a patient with peripheral squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who received I‐125 brachytherapy for pulmonary lung lesions and IMRT for metastatic mediastinal LNs. The patient received 16 months of follow‐up care with no evidence of complications or disease recurrence. Moreover, we compared brachytherapy plus IMRT to theoretically planned IMRT dosimetry to evaluate the merits of each approach. This treatment modality resulted in a higher target dose escalation and lower doses delivered to the OAR.

Although circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have shown promise as potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic assessment in gastric cancer (GC), determining the predictive and prognostic value of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)‐positive CTCs in patients with GC is a challenge. Here, we identified that the expression of total vimentin (VIM) protein was positively correlated with PD‐L1 and inhibited CD8+ T‐cell activation in patients with GC according to bioinformatics analysis. Notably, coexpression of PD‐L1 and cell‐surface VIM (CSV) was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assay in locally advanced GC tumor specimens and metastatic lymph nodes. Likewise, CSV expression level was significantly decreased after transiently knocking down PD‐L1 in GC cell lines. Based on our established CTC detection platform, CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood samples collected from 70 patients (38 resectable and 32 unresectable) with GC using magnetic positive selection and a CSV‐specific monoclonal antibody, 84‐1. CSV+PD‐L1+CTCs were observed in 50 of 70 (71%) GC patient samples, ranging from 0 to 261 mL−1. A higher number of CSV+PD‐L1+CTCs were significantly associated with a short survival duration and poor therapeutic response. This study demonstrated that detection of PD‐L1+CTCs using a CSV‐enrichment method has promising value as a clinically relevant prognostic marker for GC.

Surgery remains the first choice of cure for early stage lung cancer. However, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stage, and thus miss the opportunity to undergo surgery. As such patients derive limited benefits from chemotherapy or radiotherapy, alternatives focusing on local control have emerged, including iodine‐125 seed implantation. The Interstitial Brachytherapy Society, Committee of Minimally Invasive Therapy in Oncology, Chinese Anti‐Cancer Association organized a group of multidisciplinary experts to develop guidelines for this treatment modality. These guidelines aim to standardize iodine‐125 seed implantation procedures, inclusion criteria, and outcome assessment to prevent and manage procedure‐related complications.