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Fitting a prism-ballasted soft toric contact lens unilaterally may potentially induce a vergence error that the subject cannot compensate. In the present study, a prism-ballasted (1.5Delta base down) soft toric contact lens was fitted in the right eye only of 10 subjects with normal binocular vision. The effect on binocular vision was evaluated by measuring vertical phoria adaptation and vertical fixation disparity adaptation. The results show that the vertical vergence error induced was well compensated and fully adapted to. However, care might be needed when fitting these lenses unilaterally in subjects with vertical phoria-related problems.

Purpose Compare the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with and without previous episodes of optic neuritis (ON), to disease-free controls, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods The RNFL was measured with a spectral domain OCT (Canon HS-100) in 433 MS patients and in 70 controls. The MS eyes were sorted into three groups: MS non ON eyes (MSON−), MS ON eyes (MSON+) and the fellow eye of MS ON (MSON_fellow). One eye of each patient in the MSON-group and in the control group was selected randomly for analysis. Results Seventy control eyes, 327 MSON- eyes, 106 MSON+ eyes and 106 MSON_fellow eyes were analysed in a linear regression adjusting for age. The average RNFL thickness was found to be statistically thinner in the MSON− group (88.2 ± 13.0 µm) compared to the controls (98.1 ± 9.0 µm; p

Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of two methods for measurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Methods In 33 subjects (mean age 51.85 years ±17.79; 4 men and 29 women), without any signs of ocular pathologies, MPOD was measured in the right eye using single-wavelength reflectometry (Visucam 500) and heterochromatic flicker photometry (MacuLux®). In 13 subjects with discrete signs of age-related macuolopathy (ARM), i.e., soft drusen and/or hyper-/hypopigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), MPOD was measured after 6 and 12 methods of supplementation with MacuShield® (lutein 10 mg and zeaxanthin 2 mg and the non-dietary carotenoid meso-zeaxanthin 10 mg). Results There was a statistical significant difference (p

Purpose Reduced macular pigment (MP) density is related to an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this study was to measure the macular response to a MP supplement by measuring macular pigment optical density (MPOD) before and after consumption. Methods Fifty-one healthy subjects (age 18-62 years) participated in the study and were divided in two groups, one control group and one supplementary group. MPOD values were measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) at baseline and after 90 days of supplementation with the dietary supplement MacuShield® (10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin and 2 mg zeaxanthin). Results Mean MPOD values did not change significantly in any of the groups. A correlation between low MPOD values at baseline and a larger increase of MPOD values after supplementation was found in the supplementary group (r = -0.52, p = 0.008). Increased MPOD values also correlated with increasing age (r = 0.40, p = 0.0454). Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that older subjects with low MPOD values increase their MPOD values after supplementation. As increased age and low MPOD values increase the risk of developing AMD, it might be beneficial for these individuals to consume macular pigments to reduce the risk of developing AMD.

The influence of measuring heterophoria on a subsequent associated phoria measurement was investigated in 50 subjects. After refraction, heterophoria was measured by either von Graefe's technique or Maddox rod and wing. The effect of these procedures was assessed by associated phoria measurements taken before and after the dissociated measures. It is shown that subjects with a history of unstable binocular vision are likely to have an associate phoria induced or changed by the previous dissociated phoria measurement, particularly if von Graefe's technique is employed. It is recommended that, especially for near, associated phoria should be assessed before the dissociated phoria in subjects who are regarded as having a history of unstable binocular vision.