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Aim The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) on tubal patency (TP) and to determine whether performing laparoscopy (LS) can change the original management strategy based on HSG findings. Material and Methods Records of all infertile couples (n = 1298) treated at a university-based infertility clinic between January 2002 and June 2010 were reviewed. All patients who had both HSG and LS testing (n = 264) were included in the study. HSG was performed in an attempt to rule out tubal and/or uterine pathologies. All patients included in the study were evaluated with LS not more than 12 months after HSG. Results The validity of HSG screening for TP was calculated as 84.1%. The positive and negative predictive values of HSG were 54.6% and 98.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of HSG was higher in patients with distal tubal occlusion than in patients with proximal tubal occlusion (69.8% [44/63] vs 46.7% [28/60], respectively; P = 0.011). The rates of management plan change in patients with bilateral TP, unilateral tubal occlusion and bilateral tubal occlusion were 2.8%, 12.2% and 32.4%, respectively (P = 0.000). Conclusions Patients with both unilateral tubal occlusion and bilateral tubal occlusion on HSG should be reevaluated with LS to determine the appropriate management strategy.

WOS: 000305386800011, PubMed ID: 22711352, The age-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) seroprevalence and HPV type distribution in women with normal cervical cytology were studied. Cervical smear samples obtained using liquid-based smears from 582 clinically healthy women aged between 15 and 68 years from five centers from four different regions of Turkey, were studied between February 2010 and January 2011. Overall, 530 of the women with normal cytology were included and the samples were analyzed for the presence of HPV by AmpliTaq. Positive samples were typed further for 37 different HPV genotypes by a line blot assay. HPV was positive in 17.9% of the women. HPV prevalence was highest in the age group of 2529 years (31.8%), and decreased with increasing age. HPV 16 was the most common type (3.6%) followed by type 6 (2.6%) and type 45 (2.2%). Types 11 and 18 were rare (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). Among the risk factors, number of sexual partners and parity were positively correlated with HPV positivity. In the present study, a large number of sex partners and high parity increased the risk for HPV infection. The age-specific distribution of HPV in women with normal Pap smears did not show a U-shaped curve in contrast to European countries and the USA. J. Med. Virol. 84: 12421247, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.