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4 results on '"Rosella, G"'

1. Habitat selection and refuge‐use by a color polymorphic salamander reveal behavioral niche differences

Author

Cory S. Straub, Rosella G. Cuomo, and Gabriel Jimenez

Subjects
behavior, divergent selection, Plethodon cinereus, thermal niche, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Color polymorphic species provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the ecology and evolution of intraspecific niche differences. The red‐backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is a fully terrestrial lungless salamander with two common color forms, striped and unstriped. Previous research suggests the morphs may be differentially adapted to surface and subsurface microhabitats, with the unstriped morph being more fossorial. This hypothesis predicts that the unstriped morph should be more sensitive to the risks of surface activity (e.g., thermal stress, dehydration, predation), and therefore be more selective than striped morphs when choosing soil surface microhabitats. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated leaf litter mass in small forest patches (~0.45 m2). Leaf litter addition reduced soil temperatures, buffered against changes in air temperature, and likely provided physical protection from predators. Over 3 years, we found that unstriped adults responded positively to leaf litter addition, but striped adults did not. In addition, unstriped morphs spent significantly more time in protective refuges (opaque, moistened tubes) than striped morphs in laboratory assays. Taken together, the field and laboratory results support the hypothesis that the unstriped morph is more sensitive to the risks of surface activity, and therefore is more likely to be fossorial. This difference in microhabitat use, combined with spatiotemporal variation in leaf litter accumulation on the forest floor, may play an important role in the maintenance of the polymorphism.

Published
2024
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3. Infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab concentrations across pregnancy and vedolizumab concentrations in infants following intrauterine exposure

Author

Flanagan, E, Gibson, PR, Wright, EK, Moore, GT, Sparrow, MP, Connell, W, Kamm, MA, Begun, J, Christensen, B, De Cruz, P, Shelton, E, Dowling, D, Andrews, JM, Brown, SJ, Niewiadomski, O, Ward, MG, Rosella, O, Rosella, G, Kiburg, KV, Ross, AL, Bell, SJ, Flanagan, E, Gibson, PR, Wright, EK, Moore, GT, Sparrow, MP, Connell, W, Kamm, MA, Begun, J, Christensen, B, De Cruz, P, Shelton, E, Dowling, D, Andrews, JM, Brown, SJ, Niewiadomski, O, Ward, MG, Rosella, O, Rosella, G, Kiburg, KV, Ross, AL, and Bell, SJ

Abstract

Background The impact of pregnancy on levels of biologic agents in patients with IBD is undefined and time to elimination in vedolizumab‐exposed infants is unknown. Aims To determine the effect of pregnancy on infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab levels and to study infant vedolizumab clearance Methods In a prospective observational study, maternal drug levels were measured pre‐conception, in each trimester, at delivery and postpartum. The association between drug levels and gestation in weeks was assessed using generalised estimating equation modelling. Infant vedolizumab levels were performed at birth (cord blood), 6 weeks and 3 months or until undetectable. Results We included 50 IBD patients (23 on infliximab, 15 on adalimumab and 12 on vedolizumab) with at least two intrapartum observations, plus 5 patients on vedolizumab with only mother and baby samples at delivery. Modelling showed no change in adalimumab levels, an increase in infliximab levels of 0.16 (95% CI 0.08‐0.24) µg/L/week (P < 0.001) and a decrease of 0.18 (95% CI: −0.33 to −0.02) µg/L/week (P = 0.03) for vedolizumab. In 17 mother‐baby pairs, median infant vedolizumab levels at birth were lower than maternal levels (P < 0.05) with an infant:maternal ratio of 0.7 (IQR 0.5‐0.9). Vedolizumab was undetectable between 15 and 16 weeks of age in all 12 infants completing follow‐up testing. Conclusions During pregnancy, adalimumab levels remain stable, while infliximab levels increase and vedolizumab levels decrease. However, the increments were small suggesting that intrapartum therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment are not indicated. Unlike infliximab and adalimumab, infant vedolizumab levels are lower in cord blood than in mothers and appear to clear rapidly.

Published
2020

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