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Background and objective: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and dyslipidaemia are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the association between OSA and plasma lipid concentrations in patients enrolled in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA) cohort. Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 8592 patients without physician-diagnosed hyperlipidaemia or reported intake of a lipid-lowering drug (age 50.1 ± 12.7 years, 69.1% male, BMI: 30.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2, mean apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI): 25.7 ± 25.9 events/h). The independent relationship between measures of OSA (AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean and lowest oxygen saturation) and lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting triglycerides (TG)) was determined by means of general linear model analysis. Results: There was a dose response relationship between TC and ODI (mean ± SE (mg/dL): 180.33 ± 2.46, 184.59 ± 2.42, 185.44 ± 2.42 and 185.73 ± 2.44; P < 0.001 across ODI quartiles I–IV). TG and LDL concentrations were better predicted by AHI than by ODI. HDL-C was significantly reduced in the highest AHI quartile (mean ± SE (mg/dL): 48.8 ± 1.49 vs 46.50 ± 1.48; P = 0.002, AHI quartile I vs IV). Morbid obesity was associated with lower TC and higher HDL-C values. Lipid status was influenced by geographical location with the highest TC concentration recorded in Northern Europe. Conclusion: OSA severity was independently associated with cholesterol and TG concentrations.

This paper serves as an Introduction by the co-editors to a Special Section of Child Development entitled "Meta-analysis and Individual Participant Data Synthesis in Child Development." First, the co-editors emphasize that the work contained in the Special Section was selected to highlight the value of meta-analysis not only for synthesizing study-level published and unpublished data but also as regards its ability to support programmatic, replicable, and cumulative developmental science. Second, the co-editors identify some of the cross-cutting themes of the papers featured in the Special Section, including the value of meta-analysis for summarizing and interrogating the full range of developmental science and in potentially transforming conventional wisdom in given domains along with the importance of recent innovations for improving standard meta-analytic practice-particularly in the context of developmental questions. Emphasized especially are contributions to the Special Section that extend classic meta-analysis to individual participant data synthesis.

Although teacher-student relationships are assumed to in part reflect early caregiving quality, their social provisions also undergo notable normative change over the course of primary school, shifting from a secure base for social exploration to an instrumental relationship centered on achieving academic goals. This report leveraged prospective, longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,306, 52% male, 77% White/non-Hispanic) to investigate whether the association between early caregiving and subsequent teacher-student relationship quality remains stable or diminishes in magnitude over time. Associations between early maternal sensitivity and teacher-student closeness faded from Kindergarten to Grade 6. In contrast, associations between early caregiving and teacher-student conflict endured and were partially accounted for by child externalizing problems.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) development and progression is known to be affected by a plethora of external signals. Among the receptors sensitive to such stimuli, toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is of interest because treatment with an agonist like CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) impacts in tumor cell viability and immunogenicity through rendering them more sensitive to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression alterations have been implicated in various neoplasms including CLL, suggesting that they could also be therapeutic targets and/or clinically useful biomarkers. Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions (T-UCRs) are a class of lncRNA comprising a total of 481 different transcripts with an absolute degree of conservation among human, mouse and rat, that it is suggestive of an essential functional relevance in mammals. In the present study we have explored the possible role of T-UCR in the pathogenesis of CLL performing a global screening using microarrays and qRT-PCR in response to CpG-ODN stimulation. We have identified a AC092652.2-202 as the uc.70-related lncRNA which expression levels are related to the response to CpG-ODN and have prognostic significance in CLL. These findings warrant further studies on the functional characterization of this lncRNA in CLL as well of the particular role of uc.70 sequence in its expression regulation Fil: Bomben, Riccardo. University of Miami; Estados Unidos. Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico; Italia Fil: Roisman, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España. University of Miami; Estados Unidos Fil: D'Agaro, Tiziana. Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico; Italia Fil: Castellano, Giancarlo. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona; España Fil: Baumann, Tycho. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona; España Fil: Delgado, Julio. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: López Guillermo, Armando. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona; España Fil: Zucchetto, Antonella. Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico; Italia Fil: Dal Bo, Michele. Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico; Italia Fil: Bravin, Vanessa. Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico; Italia Fil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Vlasova, Anna. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; España Fil: Guigó, Roderic. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; España Fil: Martin Subero, Jose I.. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: Chapaprieta, Vicente. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: Beekman, Renee. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España Fil: Martin García, David. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: Beà, Sílvia. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: Salaverria, Itziar. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: Aymerich, Marta. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona; España Fil: Campo, Elias. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España Fil: Gattei, Valter. Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico; Italia Fil: Hernández, Luis. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer ; España. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer. Lymphoid Neoplasm Program; España

The cross-sectional relationship of obstructive sleep apnea with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate = 30) was found in 34% of subjects. The lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation was 81 +/- 10.2%. Chronic kidney disease prevalence in the whole sample was 8.7% or 6.1%, according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease or the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equations, respectively. Subjects with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate were older, more obese, more often female, had worse obstructive sleep apnea and more co-morbidities (P < 0.001, each). With both equations, independent predictors of estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 were: chronic heart failure; female gender; systemic hypertension; older age; higher body mass index; and worse lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation. It was concluded that in obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease is largely predicted by co-morbidities and anthropometric characteristics. In addition, severe nocturnal hypoxaemia, even for only a small part of the night, may play an important role as a risk factor for kidney dysfunction.

Increasing evidence suggests that attachment representations take at least two forms: a secure base script and an autobiographical narrative of childhood caregiving experiences. This study presents data from the first 26 years of the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 169), examining the developmental origins of secure base script knowledge in a high-risk sample and testing alternative models of the developmental sequencing of the construction of attachment representations. Results demonstrated that secure base script knowledge was predicted by observations of maternal sensitivity across childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, findings suggest that the construction of a secure base script supports the development of a coherent autobiographical representation of childhood attachment experiences with primary caregivers by early adulthood.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous B-cell lymphoid malignancy where most patients follow an aggressive clinical course whereas others are associated with an indolent performance. SOX4, SOX11, and SOX12 belong to SOXC family of transcription factors involved in embryonic neurogenesis and tissue remodeling. Among them, SOX11 has been found aberrantly expressed in most aggressive MCL patients, being considered a reliable biomarker in the pathology. Several studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRs) from the miR-17-92 cluster are among the most deregulated miRNAs in human cancers, still little is known about this cluster in MCL. In this study we screened the transcriptional profiles of 70 MCL patients for SOXC cluster and miR17, miR18a, miR19b and miR92a, from the miR-17-92 cluster. Gene expression analysis showed higher SOX11 and SOX12 levels compared to SOX4 (P ≤ 0.0026). Moreover we found a negative correlation between the expression of SOX11 and SOX4 (P

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid neoplasm with poor prognosis. Acquired telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) mutations are among the most frequent somatic non-coding mutations in cancers. In this study, the prevalence of TERTp mutations in 24 MCL and 21 other lymphoid neoplasias (oLN) was investigated. Eight MCL samples (33%) carried TERTp mutations, two homozygous and six heterozygous (seven C228T and one C250T), which directly correlated with higher TERT transcription, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and IGHV mutational status in MCL neoplastic cells. TERTp mutations were not found in oLN. TERTp mutations correlated with more lymphoma proliferation and tumor burden, as suggested by the higher number of lymphoma cells circulating in peripheral blood, and tended to associate with longer MCL telomeres, especially in homozygous mutants, although not statistically significant. Telomere-biology genes were overexpressed in MCL cells in comparison to healthy lymphocytes, but were not influenced by mutation status. The findings described for the first time that acquired TERTp mutations are common in MCL but not in other lymphoid neoplasms. It was also demonstrated that TERTp mutations are associated with higher TERT mRNA expression in MCL cells in vivo and higher tumor burden, suggesting these mutations as a driver event in MCL development and progression.

Although BMP4-induced differentiation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is well recognized, details of the cellular responses triggered by this morphogen are still poorly defined. In this study, we established several GSC-enriched cell lines (GSC-ECLs) from high-grade gliomas. The expansion of these cells as adherent monolayers, and not as floating neurospheres, enabled a thorough study of the phenotypic changes that occurred during their differentiation. Herein, we evaluated GSC-ECLs' behavior toward differentiating conditions by depriving them of growth factors and/or by adding BMP4 at different concentrations. After analyzing cellular morphology, proliferation and lineage marker expression, we determined that GSC-ECLs have distinct preferences in lineage choice, where some of them showed an astrocyte fate commitment and others a neuronal one. We found that this election seems to be dictated by the expression pattern of BMP signaling components present in each GSC-ECL. Additionally, treatment of GSC-ECLs with the BMP antagonist, Noggin, also led to evident phenotypic changes. Interestingly, under certain conditions, some GSC-ECLs adopted an unexpected smooth muscle-like phenotype. As a whole, our findings illustrate the wide differentiation potential of GSCs, highlighting their molecular complexity and paving a way to facilitate personalized differentiating therapies.

Background During 2012, a total of 10 overnight visitors to Yosemite National Park (Yosemite) became infected with a hantavirus (Sin Nombre virus [SNV]); three died. SNV infections have been identified among persons with occupational exposure to deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Methods We assessed SNV infection prevalence, work and living environments, mice exposures, and SNV prevention training, knowledge, and practices among workers of two major employers at Yosemite during September–October, 2012 by voluntary blood testing and a questionnaire. Results One of 526 participants had evidence of previous SNV infection. Participants reported frequently observing rodent infestations at work and home and not always following prescribed safety practices for tasks, including infestation cleanup. Conclusion Although participants had multiple exposures to deer mice, we did not find evidence of widespread SNV infections. Nevertheless, employees working around deer mice should receive appropriate training and consistently follow prevention policies for high-risk activities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:658–667, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This study leveraged data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 243) to investigate the predictive significance of maternal sensitivity during the first 3 years of life for social and academic competence through age 32 years. Structural model comparisons replicated previous findings that early maternal sensitivity predicts social skills and academic achievement through midadolescence in a manner consistent with an enduring effects model of development and extended these findings using heterotypic indicators of social competence (effectiveness of romantic engagement) and academic competence (educational attainment) during adulthood. Although early socioeconomic factors and child gender accounted for the predictive significance of maternal sensitivity for social competence, covariates did not fully account for associations between early sensitivity and academic outcomes.

Based on data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,149), the current article provides the first large-sample investigation of associations between different forms of infant attachment insecurity and dissociative symptomatology from childhood through midadolescence as measured by scales based on the mother, teacher, and youth self-report versions of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessments. Findings did not replicate the previously reported and highly cited evidence that infant attachment disorganization is associated with dissociative symptomatology. In contrast, correlations of small magnitude were observed between infant avoidance and dissociative symptomatology, as assessed by teachers and mothers (but not self-report). Results were not moderated by contextual risk. Limitations of the study included the absence of measures of maltreatment and interpersonal trauma, leaving open the possibility that infant attachment disorganization is a diathesis for later dissociation in the context of severe and/or chronic trauma. Nevertheless, the present results strongly indicate the need for additional research exploring the possible role of environmental factors in the development of dissociative symptomatology.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses underestimates the magnitude of workplace injuries and illnesses. Enumerating workplace injuries and illnesses may be improved by utilizing multiple state-based data sources. METHODS: Using California-based datasets (workers' compensation claims, health care facility data, and physician reports), we enumerated unique cases of amputations and carpal tunnel syndrome (2007-2008), and evaluated the datasets for usefulness in occupational health tracking by performing record linkage across all datasets and calculating match rates between them. RESULTS: 6,862 amputation and 39,589 carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) cases were identified. Match rates between the datasets ranged from 34.0% to 45.6% (amputations) and 3.0% to 43.5% (CTS). Enumerated amputation and CTS cases from state-based sources were about five and ten times greater than the BLS SOII estimates (1,390 and 3,720). CONCLUSIONS: Successful demonstration of this state level approach has broad implications for improving federal and state efforts to track and prevent work-related injuries and illnesses. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en

This rejoinder addresses two interrelated concerns raised by Van IJzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg (this volume): (1) the degree to which it is reasonable to expect some of the results reported here to replicate given the low rates of preoccupied and unresolved classifications in the SECCYD sample and (2) whether the results from the taxometric and factor analyses we report should be used to guide scholarly thinking about the latent structure of individual differences in AAI narratives.