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Summary Objective Genetics contribute to variability in individual response to weight‐loss interventions. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available exercise and weight‐loss program and whether alignment of diet to genotype related to lipid metabolism promotes greater success. Design Sedentary women with obesity (n = 63) had genotype (FABP2rs1799883, PPARG2rs1801282, ADRB3rs4994C3, ADRB2rs1042713, rs1042714) determined using a direct‐to‐consumer genetic screening kit purported to promote greater weight‐loss success through dietary recommendations based on these genes. Participants were randomly assigned to follow a moderate carbohydrate (MC) or lower carbohydrate (LC) hypo‐energetic diet that aligned (A) or did not align (NA) with genotype for 24 weeks while participating in a resistance training and walking program. Data were analysed by general linear model repeated measures adjusted for baseline variables and are presented as mean (95% confidence interval) changes from baseline. Results Participants in the LC group experienced greater improvements (p = 0.051, ηp 2 = 0.025) in per cent changes in body composition (weight: MC −3.32 [−1.4, −5.2], LC −5.82 [−4.1, −7.6]; fat mass: MC −7.25 [−3.2, −11.2], LC −10.93 [−7.3, −14.5]; fat‐free mass: MC −0.32 [1.4, −2.0], LC −1.48 [0.7, −3.0]; and body fat percentage: MC −4.19 [−1.6, −6.8], LC −5.60 [−3.3, −7.9] %). No significant differences were observed between genotype groups (weight: A −5.00 [−3.3, −6.7], NA −4.14 [−2.2, −6.1]; fat mass: A −10.15 [−7.0, −13.6], NA −8.02 [−4.0, −12.0]; fat‐free mass: A −1.23 [0.3, −2.8], NA −0.56 [1.12, −2.3]; and body fat: A −5.28 [−3.0, −7.6], NA −4.51 [−1.9, −7.1] %). Conclusions Adherence to this exercise and weight‐loss program promoted improvements in body composition and health outcomes. While individuals following the LC diet experienced greater benefits, alignment of these diets to this genetic profile did not promote greater health outcomes.

This study examined the glucose and insulin response of ingesting whey protein bars using a plant fiber (isomalto-oligosaccharides, IMO) as the carbohydrate source. In a randomized and crossover ma...

Purpose: To study the effect of arginine (AR) supplementation during a seven-day training period on selected hormones in endurance swimmers. Methods: 20 male swimmers (age=30±5yr) were assigned into either AR (n=10) or placebo (PL) (n=10) groups. Pre- and post-training continuous 1500-meter swimming tests were performed. Fasting blood samples were obtained at rest, 0, 5, 30, and 60-min during recovery. Results: Insulin levels were lower in the AR compared to the PL group at 0-min [A: 11.86±2.8; P: 18.66±8.3 ng/ml, P=0.033]; however, it increased at 5-min recovery point [A: 24.9±7.01; P: 8.97±5.4 ng/ml, P=0.000]. The testosterone levels were higher in the AR compared to the PL group at 30-min [A: 6.03±1.7; P: 3.91±0.7 ng/ml, P=0.003] and 60-min recovery points [A: 5.57±1.9; P: 3.61±0.97 ng/ml, P=0.013]. The cortisol levels were lower in the AR compared to the PL group at 5-min [A: 156±9.3; P: 198.4±41.8 ng/ml, P=0.005] and 30-min recovery points [A: 147.11±34; P: 188.25±45 ng/ml, P=0.027]. Despite some tre...

Diagnosing insulin resistance via an OGTT can be costly and impractical. However, this information can be useful in recommending proper diet for individuals interested in losing weight. This study ...

Our aim was to examine the acute (5 h) hemodynamic (HR & BP) and hematologic profiles for a (1) Placebo (PL), (2) Creatine (CR, 5 g), (3) Creatine Nitrate (CrN; 1 g CR; 0.5 N) and (4) CrN2X (2 g CR; 1.0 g N) formula administered in a randomized, double-blind manner with 7d of washout between treatments. Participants (N=13; 22 ± 2 y) presented for testing after abstaining from exercise and fasting for 8 h. Initial unsupplemented measures (Time 0) were assessed, followed by supplement ingestion and serial sampling (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5h). Variables included heart rate, blood pressure, liver (ALP, AST, ALT), kidney (creatinine, BUN), and muscle (CK, LDH) enzymes, glucose and blood lipids. Analyses included GLM and LSD post-hoc procedures. Significant within group perturbations were noted for LDL-C (CR, PL), HDL-C (CrN, CrN2X), triglycerides (CrN2X, PL), glucose (CrN2X), creatinine (all), CK (CrN2X, PL), BUN (all), ALT (PL) over the 5h study period (all, P < 0.03). Corresponding between group differences (all, ...

Pre-workout supplements can increase energy availability and/or exercise capacity. We examined the effects of ingesting a pre-workout supplement with and without synephrine for 8w in 78 healthy, re...

We examined the effect of a protein (PRO, 1.14g/kg/day) or carbohydrate (CHO, ~2.2g/kg/day) focused diet (1600 kcals) combined with 10-wks of circuit training exercise on NCEP ATP III defined metabolic syndrome (MetS).We performed a retrospective, analysis of eight completed studies in 663 women (age 46+11 y, BMI 24.3 – 62.0 kg/m2) participating in a CURVES™ exercise program. CHO and PRO diets were assigned based on a CHO preference questionnaire at baseline. Primary (MetS presence) and Secondary (summated MetS z-scores and MetS component features) were analyzed via Chi-Square and GLM, respectively, at baseline and follow-up and covaried for age, study classification and respective baseline MetS component features.At study initiation XX% of our cohort presented with MetS (PRO, 49%, CHO, 42%). At follow-up, both diets showed a similar reduction in MetS prevalence (PRO, 19% vs. CHO, 19%, P

We examined 28d of randomly assigned of (1) Placebo (PL), (2) Creatine (CR, 3 g), (3) Creatine Nitrate (CrN; 1 g CR; 0.5 N) and (4) CrN2X (2 g CR; 1.0 g N) on exercise performance and body composition. Participants (N=48; 21 ±3 y) presented for fasting (12h) testing after abstaining from exercise and alcohol for 48h. Performance (reps at 70% of bench press 1 RM [BP] and repeated sprints on cycle ergometer) was measured at 0 & 4 wks. Body composition (DXA) was measured at 0, 1, & 4 wks. We used GLM to examine mean change (95% CI) from baseline. While all three treatment groups significantly increased BP repetition at 4 wks, total BP lifting volume was greater at 4 wks for CrN2X (294.6 lbs; 95% CI, 196, 393) vs CrN (164.2 lbs; 95% CI, 25, 304) and PL (187.1 lbs;95% CI, 37, 336, both p=0.02). No treatment effects were observed for cycle ergometry testing (peak or mean power, fatigue slope, and total work). While no difference in fat mass were observed for any treatment group, CrN2X did augment lean mass (1.2...

Resistin and visfatin are secreted by adipose tissue and potential regulators of inflammation and insulin sensitivity. This study examined the effects of exercise and diet-induced weight loss on resistin, visfatin and other adiposity and inflammatory markers. 26 sedentary obese women were randomly assigned into a control (C) or an exercise (E) group that involved circuit resistance-exercise (4 d/wk) with walking (10,000 steps/d, 3 d/wk) while consuming 1,200 kcal/day for 1-wk and 1,500 kcal/d diet for 11 wks consisting of 45:30 % PRO:CHO. Baseline and post-training DEXA body composition and fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed by MANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Data are presented as mean±SD changes from baseline. Participants in the E group lost more weight (E: -13.0±8.9; C: -1.4±3.1 lbs, p=0.001) and fat (E: -5.1±4.5; C:-0.4±1.5 kg, p=0.001). Significant differences were seen between groups in leptin (E: -19.8±21.9; C: 4.5±16 ng/ml, p=0.003) while visfatin (E: -0.09±15.4; C: 89.3±177...

Acai polyphenolics (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in short-term clinical studies. However, the longer-term effects of acai consum...

This study examined whether genetic profile influences response to a diet and exercise intervention. 53 sedentary women (38±12 yrs, 80.8±13.9 kg) were randomized to a control group (C) or exercise + diet groups. Those in exercise groups performed circuit resistance-exercise (4 d/wk) and walked (10,000 steps, 3 d/wk). Diets were 1,500 kcal/d with 20:35:45 (CI), 30:25:45 (CII) or 55:30:15 (AHA) percentages of CHO:FAT: PRO. Buccal cheek swabs were obtained at baseline and analyzed for FABP2, PPARG, ADRB-79, ADRB3, and ADRB-46 genes to determine true (T) or false (F) genetic matches to higher CHO or CHO restricted diets. Body weight and DEXA body composition measurements were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wks. Data were analyzed by MANOVA and are presented as changes from baseline. An overall Wilk's Lambda time x diet (p=0.085) and time x diet x genotype (p=0.102) trend was observed. Univariate analysis revealed significant interaction trends in fat mass (C: 0.39±1.26; CI: T -6.16±5.04, F -1.58±2.22...

Pre-workout supplements can increase energy availability and/or exercise capacity. We examined the effects of ingesting a pre-workout supplement with and without synephrine for 8w in 78 healthy, resistance-trained men (22 ± 3 y). Subjects were randomly assigned to treatments of: (1) a dextrose flavored placebo (PLA); (2) a supplement containing 3.0 g beta alanine, 2 g creatine nitrate, 2 g arginine AKG, 300 mg of N-acetyl tyrosine, 270 mg caffeine, 15 mg of Mucuna pruriens (PWS) or (3) PWS + 20 mg of synephrine (PWS+S). Primary outcomes: Cognitive function (CF) via a Stroop test. Secondary outcome: Rate of readiness via a visual analogue scale (RTP-VAS). Measures were assessed at 0, 4 & 8 w. We used GLM statistical analyses covaried for age and respective baseline measures to determine mean (95% CI) change from baseline. We observed a significant increase in CF for the word test at 4 wks for PWS+S (5.64 count; 2.09, 9.19) and PLA (3.9 count; 0.39, 7.45), and 8 wks for PWS (7.55 count; 4.14, 10.97), PWS+S ...

This study examined whether genotype of some obesity-related genes (FABP2, PPARG, ADRB2-79, ADRB2-46, ADRB3) influences success to different diets while participating in an exercise program. 40 sed...

Acai fruit (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) is rich in anthocyanins where cardiovascular benefits have been demonstrated in previous studies. In contrast, few human clinical assessments have previously been...

The OGTT is a gold standard in assessing carbohydrate intolerance (CI) and insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether a CI survey could predict response to an OGTT. 108 women (31.6±13 yr, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75 g OGTT in which glucose samples and perceptions of CI symptoms were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with OGTT glucose AUC. Results revealed significant correlations (p

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of responses to a carbohydrate intolerance (CI) questionnaire to body composition and markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% bo...

The OGTT is a gold standard in assessing carbohydrate intolerance (CI) and insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether responses to a carbohydrat...

The fasting homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a gold standard in assessing insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether responses to a carbohydrate intolerance survey (CI) correlate to HOMA, an OGTT, body composition and/or markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2-hr OGTT. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with HOMA. Results revealed significant correlations (p

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 54 sedentary women (34±8 yrs, BMI 35±6) we...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 54 sedentary women (34±8 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, BMI 35.1±5) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. DEXA body composition with android (A) and gynoid (G) measurements were obtained. MANOVA revealed a significant time (p

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.1±5 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. DEXA body composition with VAT determination was obtained at 0 & 12 wks. MANOVA revealed significant (p=

21 sedentary women (59.8±5 yr, 43.7±3% body fat, 31.0±3 kg/m2) followed Curves Complete® energy-restricted diet (30% C, 45% P, and 25% F) while participating in a circuit resistance-training (3 d/w...

Adolescence is a critical period in the formation of cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term exercise training has been found to be reversely related to risk factors levels in adolescents. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of training (swimming and soccer) over a twelve week timeframe on some cardiovascular risk and anti-risk factors in adolescent boys. METHODS: Forty two boys, including swimmers (SW n=14), soccer players (SO n=13), and a control group (C n=15) (Age=11.8±1.38yrs; Ht=149±.8.38cm; Wt=40±7.8kg) volunteered for this study. Fasting blood samples were obtained prior to initiation of training, at weeks 4, 8, and 12. A 3×4 repeated measures ANOVA with LSD post hoc analysis was conducted to determine the difference between three groups in ApoA1, ApoB, Apo A1/ApoB, Apo B/Apo A1, and VLDL. RESULTS: Participants in training groups had greater changes in ApoA1 (p=0.01), ApoB (p=0.000), ApoA1/ApoB ratio (p=0.000), and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (p=0.000). Significant changes were not observed in VLDL levels (p=0.65) across all three groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise training had a significant effect to change ApoA1, ApoB, ApoA1/ApoB, and ApoB/ApoA1 levels in adolescent athletes. Participation in regular training is recommended for adolescents to improve cardiovascular risk and anti-risk factor profiles. Significant effects of training on VLDL levels were inconclusive for 12-week training period.

25 women (34±7 yrs, 89±19 kg; 43±5% body fat) were assigned to a high carbohydrate (HC, n=13) or high protein (HP, n=12) diet group. Subjects consumed 1,200 kcals/d for 1-wk and 1,500 kcals/d for 3...