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3. The use of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models for gastrointestinal anastomotic leak: A systematic review

Author

Aaron J. Quyn, Jason Wong, Joshua R. Burke, David Jayne, Sarah E. Herrick, and Jack Helliwell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Leak, Colon, business.industry, Anastomosis, Surgical, Mesenchymal stem cell, Gastroenterology, MEDLINE, Anastomotic Leak, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Anastomosis, Cochrane Library, Disease Models, Animal, Internal medicine, Animals, Medicine, Gastrointestinal anastomotic leak, business, Complication, Wound healing
Abstract

Aim Anastomotic leak is the most feared complication of gastrointestinal surgery. Mesenchymal stem cell technology is used clinically to promote wound healing; however, the safety and efficacy of this technology on anastomotic healing has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells confer any benefit when applied to animal models for gastrointestinal anastomotic leak, identify the methodology and how efficacy is assessed. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, WebofScience and Cochrane Library databases were interrogated between 1 January1947 to 1 May 2020. All studies where mesenchymal stem cells were applied to laboratory animal leak models to demonstrate a healing effect were considered. All experimental and histological outcomes were examined. Compliance to ARRIVE and current International Consensus was assessed. Results A total of 1205 studies were screened. Twelve studies reported on 438 gastrointestinal anastomoses in four species using 11 models; seven in the colon. No studies utilised a model with a known leak rate. Significant variance was observed in histological outcomes with efficacy demonstrated in five out of 12 studies. One study demonstrated a benefit in leak rate. Colorectal studies had a greater median ARRIVE compliance, 60.8% (IQR 63.2-64.5) compared to noncolorectal 45.4% (IQR 43.8-49.0). Conclusions Mesenchymal stem cell delivery to an animal anastomosis is safe and feasible. Use may confer benefit but findings are currently limited to surrogate histological outcomes. There is consistency in outcome measures reported but variance in how this is assessed. Poor compliance to ARRIVE but good compliance to current international consensus in leak models of the colon was observed.

Published
2021
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4. Management strategies for patients with advanced rectal cancer and liver metastases using modified Delphi methodology: results from the PelvEx Collaborative

Author

Kelly M. E., Agj A., Abdul Aziz N., Abecasis N., Abraham-Nordling M., Akiyoshi T., Alberda W., Albert M., Andric M., Angenete E., Antoniou A., Auer R., Austin K. K., Aziz O., Baker R. P., Bali M., Baseckas G., Bebington B., Bednarski B. K., Beets G. L., Berg P. L., Beynon J., Biondo S., Boyle K., Bordeianou L., Bremers A. B., Brunner M., Buchwald P., Bui A., Burgess A., Jwa B., Burling D., Campain N., Carvalhal S., Castro L., Caycedo-Marulanda A., Kkl C., Chang G. J., Chew M. H., Chong P., Christensen H. K., Clouston H., Codd M., Collins D., Colquhoun A. J., Corr A., Coscia M., Coyne P. E., Creavin B., Croner R. S., Damjanovic L., Daniels I. R., Davies M., Davies R. J., Delaney C. P., de Wilt J., Denost Q., Deutsch C., Dietz D., Domingo S., Dozois E. J., Duff M., Eglinton T., Enrique-Navascues J. M., Espin-Basany E., Evans M. D., Fearnhead N. S., Flatmark K., Fleming F., Frizelle F. A., Gallego M. A., Garcia-Granero E., Garcia-Sabrido J. L., Gentilini L., George M. L., Ghouti L., Giner F., Ginther N., Glynn R., Golda T., Griffiths B., Harris D. A., Jaw H., Hanchanale V., Harji D. P., Helewa R. M., Heriot A. G., Hochman D., Hohenberger W., Holm T., Hompes R., Jenkins J. T., Kaffenberger S., Kandaswamy G. V., Kapur S., Kanemitsu Y., Kelley S. R., Keller D. S., Khan M. S., Kiran R. P., Kim H., Kim H. J., Koh C. E., Nfm K., Kokelaar R., Kontovounisios C., Kristensen H. O., Kroon H. M., Kusters M., Lago V., Larsen S. G., Larson D. W., Law W. L., Laurberg S., Lee P. J., Limbert M., Lydrup M. L., Lyons A., Lynch A. C., Mantyh C., Mathis K. L., Cfs M., Martling A., Wjhj M., Merkel S., Mehta A. M., McArthur D. R., McDermott F. D., McGrath J. S., Malde S., Mirnezami A., Jrt M., Morton J. R., Mullaney T. G., Negoi I., Jwm N., Nguyen B., Nielsen M. B., Gap N., Nilsson P. J., O'Connell P. R., O'Dwyer S. T., Palmer G., Pappou E., Park J., Patsouras D., Pellino G., Peterson A. C., Poggioli G., Proud D., Quinn M., Quyn A., Radwan R. W., Rasheed S., Rasmussen P. C., Regenbogen S. E., Renehan A., Rocha R., Rochester M., Rohila J., Rothbarth J., Rottoli M., Roxburgh C., Hjt R., Ryan E. J., Safar B., Sagar P. M., Sahai A., Saklani A., Sammour T., Sayyed R., Amp S., Schwarzkopf E., Scripcariu V., Selvasekar C., Shaikh I., Shellawell G., Shida D., Simpson A., Smart N. J., Smart P., Smith J. J., Solbakken A. M., Solomon M. J., Sorensen M. M., Steele S. R., Steffens D., Stitzenberg K., Stocchi L., Stylianides N. A., Sumrien H., Sutton P. A., Swartking T., Taylor C., Tekkis P. P., Teras J., Thurairaja R., Toh E. L., Tsarkov P., Tsukada Y., Tsukamoto S., Tuech J. J., Turner W. H., Tuynman J. B., van Ramshorst G., van Zoggel D., Vasquez-Jimenez W., Verhoef C., Vizzielli G., Elk V., Uehara K., Wakeman C., Warrier S., Wasmuth H. H., Weber K., Weiser M. R., Jmd W., Wild J., Wilson M., Wolthuis A., Yano H., Yip B., Yip J., Yoo R. N., Winter D. C., Rottoli M, Poggioli G, Kelly, M. E., Agj, A., Abdul Aziz, N., Abecasis, N., Abraham-Nordling, M., Akiyoshi, T., Alberda, W., Albert, M., Andric, M., Angenete, E., Antoniou, A., Auer, R., Austin, K. K., Aziz, O., Baker, R. P., Bali, M., Baseckas, G., Bebington, B., Bednarski, B. K., Beets, G. L., Berg, P. L., Beynon, J., Biondo, S., Boyle, K., Bordeianou, L., Bremers, A. B., Brunner, M., Buchwald, P., Bui, A., Burgess, A., Jwa, B., Burling, D., Campain, N., Carvalhal, S., Castro, L., Caycedo-Marulanda, A., Kkl, C., Chang, G. J., Chew, M. H., Chong, P., Christensen, H. K., Clouston, H., Codd, M., Collins, D., Colquhoun, A. J., Corr, A., Coscia, M., Coyne, P. E., Creavin, B., Croner, R. S., Damjanovic, L., Daniels, I. R., Davies, M., Davies, R. J., Delaney, C. P., de Wilt, J., Denost, Q., Deutsch, C., Dietz, D., Domingo, S., Dozois, E. J., Duff, M., Eglinton, T., Enrique-Navascues, J. M., Espin-Basany, E., Evans, M. D., Fearnhead, N. S., Flatmark, K., Fleming, F., Frizelle, F. A., Gallego, M. A., Garcia-Granero, E., Garcia-Sabrido, J. L., Gentilini, L., George, M. L., Ghouti, L., Giner, F., Ginther, N., Glynn, R., Golda, T., Griffiths, B., Harris, D. A., Jaw, H., Hanchanale, V., Harji, D. P., Helewa, R. M., Heriot, A. G., Hochman, D., Hohenberger, W., Holm, T., Hompes, R., Jenkins, J. T., Kaffenberger, S., Kandaswamy, G. V., Kapur, S., Kanemitsu, Y., Kelley, S. R., Keller, D. S., Khan, M. S., Kiran, R. P., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Koh, C. E., Nfm, K., Kokelaar, R., Kontovounisios, C., Kristensen, H. O., Kroon, H. M., Kusters, M., Lago, V., Larsen, S. G., Larson, D. W., Law, W. L., Laurberg, S., Lee, P. J., Limbert, M., Lydrup, M. L., Lyons, A., Lynch, A. C., Mantyh, C., Mathis, K. L., Cfs, M., Martling, A., Wjhj, M., Merkel, S., Mehta, A. M., Mcarthur, D. R., Mcdermott, F. D., Mcgrath, J. S., Malde, S., Mirnezami, A., Jrt, M., Morton, J. R., Mullaney, T. G., Negoi, I., Jwm, N., Nguyen, B., Nielsen, M. B., Gap, N., Nilsson, P. J., O'Connell, P. R., O'Dwyer, S. T., Palmer, G., Pappou, E., Park, J., Patsouras, D., Pellino, G., Peterson, A. C., Poggioli, G., Proud, D., Quinn, M., Quyn, A., Radwan, R. W., Rasheed, S., Rasmussen, P. C., Regenbogen, S. E., Renehan, A., Rocha, R., Rochester, M., Rohila, J., Rothbarth, J., Rottoli, M., Roxburgh, C., Hjt, R., Ryan, E. J., Safar, B., Sagar, P. M., Sahai, A., Saklani, A., Sammour, T., Sayyed, R., Amp, S., Schwarzkopf, E., Scripcariu, V., Selvasekar, C., Shaikh, I., Shellawell, G., Shida, D., Simpson, A., Smart, N. J., Smart, P., Smith, J. J., Solbakken, A. M., Solomon, M. J., Sorensen, M. M., Steele, S. R., Steffens, D., Stitzenberg, K., Stocchi, L., Stylianides, N. A., Sumrien, H., Sutton, P. A., Swartking, T., Taylor, C., Tekkis, P. P., Teras, J., Thurairaja, R., Toh, E. L., Tsarkov, P., Tsukada, Y., Tsukamoto, S., Tuech, J. J., Turner, W. H., Tuynman, J. B., van Ramshorst, G., van Zoggel, D., Vasquez-Jimenez, W., Verhoef, C., Vizzielli, G., Elk, V., Uehara, K., Wakeman, C., Warrier, S., Wasmuth, H. H., Weber, K., Weiser, M. R., Jmd, W., Wild, J., Wilson, M., Wolthuis, A., Yano, H., Yip, B., Yip, J., Yoo, R. N., Winter, D. C., and Academic Medical Center

Subjects
Liver metastasisSurvival Outcome, medicine.medical_specialty, survival outcomes, Colorectal cancer, surgical outcome, medicine.medical_treatment, Delphi method, Rectum, Disease, surgical outcomes, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Hepatectomy, Humans, Medicine, liver metastasi, Rectal cancer, Neoplasm Staging, Pelvic exenteration, Rectal Neoplasms, business.industry, General surgery, Liver Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Induction chemotherapy, medicine.disease, liver metastasis, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, international collaboration, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract

Aim: A total of 15–20% of patients with rectal cancer have liver metastases on presentation. The management of these patients is controversial. Heterogeneity in management strategies is considerable, with management often being dependent on local resources and available expertise. Method: Members of the PelvEx Collaborative were invited to participate in the generation of a consensus statement on the optimal management of patients with advanced rectal cancer with liver involvement. Fifteen statements were created for topical discussion on diagnostic and management issues. Panellists were asked to vote on statements and anonymous feedback was given. A collaborative meeting was used to discuss any nuances and clarify any obscurity. Consensus was considered when > 85% agreement on a statement was achieved. Results: A total of 135 participants were involved in the final round of the Delphi questionnaire. Nine of the 15 statements reached consensus regarding the management of patients with advanced rectal cancer and oligometastatic liver disease. Routine use of liver MRI was not recommended for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, unless there was concern for metastatic disease on initial computed tomography staging scan. Induction chemotherapy was advocated as first-line treatment in those with synchronous liver metastases in locally advanced rectal cancer. In the presence of symptomatic primary disease, a diverting stoma may be required to facilitate induction chemotherapy. Overall, only one-quarter of the panellists would consider simultaneous pelvic exenteration and liver resection. Conclusion: This Delphi process highlights the diverse treatment of advanced rectal cancer with liver metastases and provides recommendations from an experienced international group regarding the multidisciplinary management approach.

Published
2020
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6. Scottish Bowel Screening Programme colonoscopy quality - scope for improvement?

Author

Greig Stanners, Colin J Rees, Billie Moores, Callum G. Fraser, F A Carey, A. J. Quyn, and Robert Steele

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cancer prevention, medicine.diagnostic_test, Adenoma, business.industry, General surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Gastroenterology, Colonoscopy, medicine.disease, Screening programme, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Completion rate, Medicine, Intubation, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Quality (business), business, Accreditation, media_common
Abstract

Aim The delivery of the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme (SBoSP) is rooted in the provision of a high quality, effective and participant-centred service. Safe and effective colonoscopy forms an integral part of the process. Additional accreditation as part of a multi-faceted programme for participating colonoscopists, as in England, does not exist in Scotland. This study aimed to describe the quality of colonoscopy in the SBoSP and compare this to the English national screening standards. Methods Data were collected from the SBoSP between 2007 and 2014. End-points for analysis were caecal intubation, cancer, polyp and adenoma detection, and complications. Overall results were compared with 2012 published English national standards for screening and outcomes from 2006 to 2009. Results During the study period 53 332 participants attended for colonoscopy. The colonoscopy completion rate was 95.6% overall. The mean cancer detection rate was 7.1%, the polyp detection rate was 45.7% and the adenoma detection rate was 35.5%. The overall complication rate was 0.47%. Conclusion Colonoscopy quality in the SBoSP has exceeded the standard set for screening colonoscopy in England, despite not adopting a multi-faceted programme for screening colonoscopy. However, the overall adenoma detection rate in Scotland was 9.1% lower than that in England which has implications for colonoscopy quality and may have an impact on cancer prevention rates, a key aim of the SBoSP.

Published
2018
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7. Simultaneous pelvic exenteration and liver resection for primary rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: results from the PelvEx Collaborative

Author

Kelly, ME, Aalbers, AGJ, Aziz, NA, Abecasis, N, Abraham-Nordling, M, Akiyoshi, T, Alberda, W, Albert, M, Andric, M, Angenete, E, Antoniou, A, Auer, R, Austin, KK, Aziz, O, Baker, RP, Bali, M, Baseckas, G, Bebington, B, Bednarski, BK, Beets, GL, Berg, PL, Beynon, J, Biondo, S, Boyle, K, Bordeianou, L, Bremers, AB, Brunner, M, Buchwald, P, Bui, A, Burgess, A, Burger, JWA, Burling, D, Burns, E, Campain, N, Carvalhal, S, Castro, L, Caycedo-Marulanda, A, Chan, KKL, Chew, GJH, Chong, PC, Christensen, HK, Clouston, H, Codd, M, Coffins, D, Colquhoun, AJ, Corr, A, Coscia, M, Coyne, PE, Creavin, B, Croner, RS, Damjanovic, L, Daniels, R, Davies, M, Davies, RJ, Delaney, CP, Denost, Q, Deutsch, C, Dietz, D, Domingo, S, Dozois, EJ, Duff, M, Eglinton, T, Enrique-Navascues, JM, Espin-Basany, E, Evans, MD, Fearnhead, NS, Flatmark, K, Fleming, F, Frizelle, FA, Gallego, MA, Garcia-Granero, E, Garcia-Sabrido, JL, Gentilini, L, George, ML, Ghouti, L, Giner, F, Ginther, N, Glynn, R, Golda, T, Griffiths, B, Harris, DA, Hagemans, JAW, Hanchanale, V, Harji, DP, Helewa, RM, Heriot, AG, Hochman, D, Hohenberger, W, Holm, T, Hompes, R, Jenkins, JT, Kaffenberger, S, Kandaswamy, G, Kapur, S, Kanemitsu, Y, Kelley, SR, Keller, DS, Khan, MS, Kiran, RP, Kim, H, Kim, HJ, Koh, CE, Kok, NFM, Kokelaar, R, Kontovounisios, C, Kristensen, HO, Kroon, HM, Kusters, M, Lago, V, Larsen, SG, Larson, DW, Law, WL, Laurberg, S, Lee, PJ, Limbert, M, Lydrup, ML, Lyons, A, Lynch, AC, Mantyh, C, Mathis, KL, Margues, CFS, Martling, A, Meijerink, WJHJ, Merkel, S, Mehta, AM, McArthur, DR, McDermott, FD, McGrath, JS, Malde, S, Mimezami, A, Monson, JRT, Morton, JR, Mullaney, TG, Negoi, I, Neto, JWM, Nguyen, B, Nielsen, MB, Nieuwenhuijzen, GAP, Nilsson, PJ, O'Connell, PR, O'Dwyer, ST, Palmer, G, Pappou, E, Park, J, Patsouras, D, Pellino, G, Peterson, AC, Poggioli, G, Proud, D, Quinn, M, Quyn, A, Radwan, RW, van Ramshorst, GH, Rasheed, S, Rasmussen, PC, Regenbogen, SE, Renehan, A, Rocha, R, Rochester, M, Rohila, J, Rothbarth, J, Rottoli, M, Roxburgh, C, Rutten, HJT, Ryan, EJ, Safar, B, Sagar, PM, Sahai, A, Saklani, A, Sammour, T, Sayyed, R, Schizas, AMP, Schwarzkopf, E, Scripcariu, V, Selvasekar, C, Shaikh, I, Hellawell, G, Shida, D, Simpson, A, Smart, NJ, Smart, P, Smith, JJ, Solbakken, AM, Solomon, MJ, Sorensen, MM, Steele, SR, Steffens, D, Stitzenberg, K, Stocchi, L, Stylianides, NA, Sumrien, H, Sutton, PA, Swanking, T, Taylor, C, Tekkis, PP, Teras, J, Thurairaja, R, Toh, EL, Tsarkov, P, Tsukada, Y, Tsukamoto, S, Tuech, JJ, Turner, WH, Tuynman, JB, Vasquez-Jimenez, W, Verhoef, C, Vizzielli, G, Voogt, ELK, Uehara, K, Wakeman, C, Warner, S, Wasmuth, HH, Weber, K, Weiser, MR, Wheeler, JMD, Wild, J, Wilson, M, de Wilt, JHW, Wolthuis, A, Yano, H, Yip, B, Yip, J, Yoo, RN, van Zoggel, D, Winter, DC, Kelly, ME, Aalbers, AGJ, Aziz, NA, Abecasis, N, Abraham-Nordling, M, Akiyoshi, T, Alberda, W, Albert, M, Andric, M, Angenete, E, Antoniou, A, Auer, R, Austin, KK, Aziz, O, Baker, RP, Bali, M, Baseckas, G, Bebington, B, Bednarski, BK, Beets, GL, Berg, PL, Beynon, J, Biondo, S, Boyle, K, Bordeianou, L, Bremers, AB, Brunner, M, Buchwald, P, Bui, A, Burgess, A, Burger, JWA, Burling, D, Burns, E, Campain, N, Carvalhal, S, Castro, L, Caycedo-Marulanda, A, Chan, KKL, Chew, GJH, Chong, PC, Christensen, HK, Clouston, H, Codd, M, Coffins, D, Colquhoun, AJ, Corr, A, Coscia, M, Coyne, PE, Creavin, B, Croner, RS, Damjanovic, L, Daniels, R, Davies, M, Davies, RJ, Delaney, CP, Denost, Q, Deutsch, C, Dietz, D, Domingo, S, Dozois, EJ, Duff, M, Eglinton, T, Enrique-Navascues, JM, Espin-Basany, E, Evans, MD, Fearnhead, NS, Flatmark, K, Fleming, F, Frizelle, FA, Gallego, MA, Garcia-Granero, E, Garcia-Sabrido, JL, Gentilini, L, George, ML, Ghouti, L, Giner, F, Ginther, N, Glynn, R, Golda, T, Griffiths, B, Harris, DA, Hagemans, JAW, Hanchanale, V, Harji, DP, Helewa, RM, Heriot, AG, Hochman, D, Hohenberger, W, Holm, T, Hompes, R, Jenkins, JT, Kaffenberger, S, Kandaswamy, G, Kapur, S, Kanemitsu, Y, Kelley, SR, Keller, DS, Khan, MS, Kiran, RP, Kim, H, Kim, HJ, Koh, CE, Kok, NFM, Kokelaar, R, Kontovounisios, C, Kristensen, HO, Kroon, HM, Kusters, M, Lago, V, Larsen, SG, Larson, DW, Law, WL, Laurberg, S, Lee, PJ, Limbert, M, Lydrup, ML, Lyons, A, Lynch, AC, Mantyh, C, Mathis, KL, Margues, CFS, Martling, A, Meijerink, WJHJ, Merkel, S, Mehta, AM, McArthur, DR, McDermott, FD, McGrath, JS, Malde, S, Mimezami, A, Monson, JRT, Morton, JR, Mullaney, TG, Negoi, I, Neto, JWM, Nguyen, B, Nielsen, MB, Nieuwenhuijzen, GAP, Nilsson, PJ, O'Connell, PR, O'Dwyer, ST, Palmer, G, Pappou, E, Park, J, Patsouras, D, Pellino, G, Peterson, AC, Poggioli, G, Proud, D, Quinn, M, Quyn, A, Radwan, RW, van Ramshorst, GH, Rasheed, S, Rasmussen, PC, Regenbogen, SE, Renehan, A, Rocha, R, Rochester, M, Rohila, J, Rothbarth, J, Rottoli, M, Roxburgh, C, Rutten, HJT, Ryan, EJ, Safar, B, Sagar, PM, Sahai, A, Saklani, A, Sammour, T, Sayyed, R, Schizas, AMP, Schwarzkopf, E, Scripcariu, V, Selvasekar, C, Shaikh, I, Hellawell, G, Shida, D, Simpson, A, Smart, NJ, Smart, P, Smith, JJ, Solbakken, AM, Solomon, MJ, Sorensen, MM, Steele, SR, Steffens, D, Stitzenberg, K, Stocchi, L, Stylianides, NA, Sumrien, H, Sutton, PA, Swanking, T, Taylor, C, Tekkis, PP, Teras, J, Thurairaja, R, Toh, EL, Tsarkov, P, Tsukada, Y, Tsukamoto, S, Tuech, JJ, Turner, WH, Tuynman, JB, Vasquez-Jimenez, W, Verhoef, C, Vizzielli, G, Voogt, ELK, Uehara, K, Wakeman, C, Warner, S, Wasmuth, HH, Weber, K, Weiser, MR, Wheeler, JMD, Wild, J, Wilson, M, de Wilt, JHW, Wolthuis, A, Yano, H, Yip, B, Yip, J, Yoo, RN, van Zoggel, D, and Winter, DC

Abstract

AIM: At presentation, 15-20% of patients with rectal cancer already have synchronous liver metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the surgical and survival outcomes in patients with advanced rectal cancer who underwent combined pelvic exenteration and liver (oligometastatic) resection. METHOD: Data from 20 international institutions that performed simultaneous pelvic exenteration and liver resection between 2007 and 2017 were accumulated. Primarily, we examined perioperative outcomes, morbidity and mortality. We also assessed the impact that margin status had on survival. RESULTS: Of 128 patients, 72 (56.2%) were men with a median age of 60 years [interquartile range (IQR) 15 years]. The median size of the liver oligometastatic deposits was 2 cm (IQR 1.8 cm). The median duration of surgery was 406 min (IQR 240 min), with a median blood loss of 1090 ml (IQR 2010 ml). A negative resection margin (R0 resection) was achieved in 73.5% of pelvic exenterations and 66.4% of liver resections. The 30-day mortality rate was 1.6%, and 32% of patients had a major postoperative complication. The 5-year overall survival for patients in whom an R0 resection of both primary and metastatic disease was achieved was 54.6% compared with 20% for those with an R1/R2 resection (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Simultaneous pelvic exenteration and liver resection is feasible, with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Simultaneous resection should only be performed where an R0 resection of both pelvic and hepatic disease is anticipated.

Published
2020

8. Predicting outcomes of pelvic exenteration using machine learning

Author

Dudurych, I, Kelly, ME, Aalbers, AGJ, Aziz, NA, Abecasis, N, Abraham-Nordling, M, Akiyoshi, T, Alberda, W, Albert, M, Andric, M, Angenete, E, Antoniou, A, Auer, R, Austin, KK, Aziz, O, Baker, RP, Bali, M, Baseckas, G, Bebington, B, Bedford, M, Bednarski, BK, Beets, GL, Berg, PL, Beynon, J, Biondo, S, Boyle, K, Bordeianou, L, Bremers, AB, Brunner, M, Buchwald, P, Bui, A, Burgess, A, Burger, JWA, Burling, D, Burns, E, Campain, N, Carvalhal, S, Castro, L, Caycedo-Marulanda, A, Chan, KKL, Chang, GJ, Chew, MH, Chok, AK, Chong, P, Christensen, HK, Clouston, H, Codd, M, Collins, D, Colquhoun, AJ, Corr, A, Coscia, M, Coyne, PE, Creavin, B, Croner, RS, Damjanovic, L, Daniels, IR, Davies, M, Davies, RJ, Delaney, CP, de Wilt, JHW, Denost, Q, Deutsch, C, Dietz, D, Domingo, S, Dozois, EJ, Duff, M, Eglinton, T, Enrique-Navascues, JM, Espin-Basany, E, Evans, MD, Fearnhead, NS, Flatmark, K, Fleming, F, Frizelle, FA, Gallego, MA, Garcia-Granero, E, Garcia-Sabrido, JL, Gentilini, L, George, ML, George, V, Ghouti, L, Giner, F, Ginther, N, Glynn, R, Golda, T, Griffiths, B, Harris, DA, Hagemans, JAW, Hanchanale, V, Harji, DP, Helewa, RM, Heriot, AG, Hochman, D, Hohenberger, W, Holm, T, Hompes, R, Jenkins, JT, Kaffenberger, S, Kandaswamy, GV, Kapur, S, Kanemitsu, Y, Kelley, SR, Keller, DS, Khan, MS, Kiran, RP, Kim, H, Kim, HJ, Koh, CE, Kok, NFM, Kokelaar, R, Kontovounisios, C, Kristensen, HO, Kroon, HM, Kusters, M, Lago, V, Larsen, SG, Larson, DW, Law, WL, Laurberg, S, Lee, PJ, Limbert, M, Lydrup, ML, Lyons, A, Lynch, AC, Mantyh, C, Mathis, KL, Margues, CFS, Martling, A, Meijerink, WJHJ, Merkel, S, Mehta, AM, McArthur, DR, McDermott, FD, McGrath, JS, Malde, S, Mirnezami, A, Monson, JRT, Morton, JR, Mullaney, TG, Negoi, I, Neto, JWM, Nguyen, B, Nielsen, MB, Nieuwenhuijzen, GAP, Nilsson, PJ, Oliver, A, O'Connell, PR, O'Dwyer, ST, Palmer, G, Pappou, E, Park, J, Patsouras, D, Pellino, G, Peterson, AC, Poggioli, G, Proud, D, Quinn, M, Quyn, A, Radwan, RW, Rasheed, S, Rasmussen, PC, Regenbogen, SE, Renehan, A, Rocha, R, Rochester, M, Rohila, J, Rothbarth, J, Rottoli, M, Roxburgh, C, Rutten, HJT, Ryan, EJ, Safar, B, Sagar, PM, Sahai, A, Saklani, A, Sammour, T, Sayyed, R, Schizas, AMP, Schwarzkopf, E, Scripcariu, V, Selvasekar, C, Shaikh, I, Shellawell, G, Shida, D, Simpson, A, Smart, NJ, Smart, P, Smith, JJ, Solbakken, AM, Solomon, MJ, Sorensen, MM, Steele, SR, Steffens, D, Stitzenberg, K, Stocchi, L, Stylianides, NA, Swartling, T, Sumrien, H, Sutton, PA, Swartking, T, Tan, EJ, Taylor, C, Tekkis, PP, Teras, J, Thurairaja, R, Toh, EL, Tsarkov, P, Tsukada, Y, Tsukamoto, S, Tuech, JJ, Turner, WH, Tuynman, JB, van Ramshorst, GH, van Zoggel, D, Vasquez-Jimenez, W, Verhoef, C, Vizzielli, G, Voogt, ELK, Uehara, K, Wakeman, C, Warrier, S, Wasmuth, HH, Weber, K, Weiser, MR, Wheeler, JMD, Wild, J, Wilson, M, Wolthuis, A, Yano, H, Yip, B, Yip, J, Yoo, RN, Winter, DC, Dudurych, I, Kelly, ME, Aalbers, AGJ, Aziz, NA, Abecasis, N, Abraham-Nordling, M, Akiyoshi, T, Alberda, W, Albert, M, Andric, M, Angenete, E, Antoniou, A, Auer, R, Austin, KK, Aziz, O, Baker, RP, Bali, M, Baseckas, G, Bebington, B, Bedford, M, Bednarski, BK, Beets, GL, Berg, PL, Beynon, J, Biondo, S, Boyle, K, Bordeianou, L, Bremers, AB, Brunner, M, Buchwald, P, Bui, A, Burgess, A, Burger, JWA, Burling, D, Burns, E, Campain, N, Carvalhal, S, Castro, L, Caycedo-Marulanda, A, Chan, KKL, Chang, GJ, Chew, MH, Chok, AK, Chong, P, Christensen, HK, Clouston, H, Codd, M, Collins, D, Colquhoun, AJ, Corr, A, Coscia, M, Coyne, PE, Creavin, B, Croner, RS, Damjanovic, L, Daniels, IR, Davies, M, Davies, RJ, Delaney, CP, de Wilt, JHW, Denost, Q, Deutsch, C, Dietz, D, Domingo, S, Dozois, EJ, Duff, M, Eglinton, T, Enrique-Navascues, JM, Espin-Basany, E, Evans, MD, Fearnhead, NS, Flatmark, K, Fleming, F, Frizelle, FA, Gallego, MA, Garcia-Granero, E, Garcia-Sabrido, JL, Gentilini, L, George, ML, George, V, Ghouti, L, Giner, F, Ginther, N, Glynn, R, Golda, T, Griffiths, B, Harris, DA, Hagemans, JAW, Hanchanale, V, Harji, DP, Helewa, RM, Heriot, AG, Hochman, D, Hohenberger, W, Holm, T, Hompes, R, Jenkins, JT, Kaffenberger, S, Kandaswamy, GV, Kapur, S, Kanemitsu, Y, Kelley, SR, Keller, DS, Khan, MS, Kiran, RP, Kim, H, Kim, HJ, Koh, CE, Kok, NFM, Kokelaar, R, Kontovounisios, C, Kristensen, HO, Kroon, HM, Kusters, M, Lago, V, Larsen, SG, Larson, DW, Law, WL, Laurberg, S, Lee, PJ, Limbert, M, Lydrup, ML, Lyons, A, Lynch, AC, Mantyh, C, Mathis, KL, Margues, CFS, Martling, A, Meijerink, WJHJ, Merkel, S, Mehta, AM, McArthur, DR, McDermott, FD, McGrath, JS, Malde, S, Mirnezami, A, Monson, JRT, Morton, JR, Mullaney, TG, Negoi, I, Neto, JWM, Nguyen, B, Nielsen, MB, Nieuwenhuijzen, GAP, Nilsson, PJ, Oliver, A, O'Connell, PR, O'Dwyer, ST, Palmer, G, Pappou, E, Park, J, Patsouras, D, Pellino, G, Peterson, AC, Poggioli, G, Proud, D, Quinn, M, Quyn, A, Radwan, RW, Rasheed, S, Rasmussen, PC, Regenbogen, SE, Renehan, A, Rocha, R, Rochester, M, Rohila, J, Rothbarth, J, Rottoli, M, Roxburgh, C, Rutten, HJT, Ryan, EJ, Safar, B, Sagar, PM, Sahai, A, Saklani, A, Sammour, T, Sayyed, R, Schizas, AMP, Schwarzkopf, E, Scripcariu, V, Selvasekar, C, Shaikh, I, Shellawell, G, Shida, D, Simpson, A, Smart, NJ, Smart, P, Smith, JJ, Solbakken, AM, Solomon, MJ, Sorensen, MM, Steele, SR, Steffens, D, Stitzenberg, K, Stocchi, L, Stylianides, NA, Swartling, T, Sumrien, H, Sutton, PA, Swartking, T, Tan, EJ, Taylor, C, Tekkis, PP, Teras, J, Thurairaja, R, Toh, EL, Tsarkov, P, Tsukada, Y, Tsukamoto, S, Tuech, JJ, Turner, WH, Tuynman, JB, van Ramshorst, GH, van Zoggel, D, Vasquez-Jimenez, W, Verhoef, C, Vizzielli, G, Voogt, ELK, Uehara, K, Wakeman, C, Warrier, S, Wasmuth, HH, Weber, K, Weiser, MR, Wheeler, JMD, Wild, J, Wilson, M, Wolthuis, A, Yano, H, Yip, B, Yip, J, Yoo, RN, and Winter, DC

Abstract

AIM: We aim to compare machine learning with neural network performance in predicting R0 resection (R0), length of stay > 14 days (LOS), major complication rates at 30 days postoperatively (COMP) and survival greater than 1 year (SURV) for patients having pelvic exenteration for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer. METHOD: A deep learning computer was built and the programming environment was established. The PelvEx Collaborative database was used which contains anonymized data on patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or locally recurrent colorectal cancer between 2004 and 2014. Logistic regression, a support vector machine and an artificial neural network (ANN) were trained. Twenty per cent of the data were used as a test set for calculating prediction accuracy for R0, LOS, COMP and SURV. Model performance was measured by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). RESULTS: Machine learning models and ANNs were trained on 1147 cases. The AUROC for all outcome predictions ranged from 0.608 to 0.793 indicating modest to moderate predictive ability. The models performed best at predicting LOS > 14 days with an AUROC of 0.793 using preoperative and operative data. Visualized logistic regression model weights indicate a varying impact of variables on the outcome in question. CONCLUSION: This paper highlights the potential for predictive modelling of large international databases. Current data allow moderate predictive ability of both complex ANNs and more classic methods.

Published
2020

11. The open abdomen and temporary abdominal closure systems - historical evolution and systematic review

Author

S Ogston, A. J. Quyn, N Arapova, A I Amin, Chris J. C. Johnston, A Chambers, and D Hall

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Closure (topology), Data heterogeneity, Hospital mortality, Dehiscence, Fasciotomy, Surgery, Abdomen surgery, Medicine, business, Open abdomen
Abstract

Aim Several techniques for temporary abdominal closurehave been developed. We systematically review theliterature on temporary abdominal closure to ascertainwhether the method can be tailored to the indication.Method Medline,Embase,theCochraneCentralRegisterof Controlled Trials and relevant meeting abstracts untilDecember 2009 were searched using the following head-ings: open abdomen, laparostomy, VAC (vacuum assistedclosure), TNP (topical negative pressure), fascial closure,temporary abdominal closure, fascial dehiscence and deepwound dehiscence. The data were analysed by closuretechniqueandaetiology.Theprimaryend-pointsincludeddelayed fascial closure and in-hospital mortality. The sec-ondary end-points were intra-abdominal complications.Results The search identified 106 papers for inclusion.The techniques described were VAC (38 series), mesh ⁄sheet (30 series), packing (15 series), Wittmann patch(eight series), Bogota´ bag (six series), dynamic retentionsutures (three series), zipper (15 series), skin only andlocking device (one series each). The highest facialclosure rates were seen with the Wittmann patch (78%),dynamic retention sutures (71%) and VAC (61%).Conclusion Temporary abdominal closure has evolvedfrom simple packing to VAC based systems. In theabsence of sepsis Wittmann patch and VAC offered thebest outcome. In its presence VAC had the highestdelayed primary closure and the lowest mortality rates.However, due to data heterogeneity only limited con-clusions can be drawn from this analysis.Keywords Open abdomen, laparostomy, historical evo-lution, systematic review

Published
2012
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12. The clinical significance of radiologically detected indeterminate pulmonary nodules in colorectal cancer

Author

Satheesh Yalamarthi, A. I. Amin, A. J. Quyn, A. Matthews, and T. Daniel

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Gastroenterology, Rectum, Cancer, Nodule (medicine), medicine.disease, Metastasis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Median follow-up, medicine, Carcinoma, Clinical significance, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Aim Colorectal cancer patients identified with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) in the absence of other metastasis represent a clinical dilemma. This study aimed to identify characteristics that could predict which nodules truly represented a metastasis in an attempt to optimize therapy and to reduce the number of follow-up chest CT scans performed. Method All patients with colon or rectal cancer who presented between 2004 and 2008 were analysed. Patients with IPN on staging CT were identified from a dedicated prospective database and the medical records analysed and follow up recorded. Patients with obvious metastatic disease were excluded from analysis. Association of location, number and size of the nodules and metastatic disease were the primary end-points for analysis. Results Nine hundred and eight patients presenting with cancer of the colon or rectum were identified. Thirty-seven (4%) patients were diagnosed with IPN with no obvious metastatic disease on staging CT. At a median follow up of 23 months there were eight (21%) cases where nodules had progressed. No significant association was detected between nodule size and pulmonary metastasis. Half of the patients with four or more nodules showed progression on serial CT imaging suggestive of pulmonary metastasis (χ2, P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Colorectal cancer patients with four or more indeterminate pulmonary nodules on preoperative staging CT imaging, even in the absence of metastasis elsewhere, are likely to represent pulmonary metastatic disease. These patients should be followed up with short-term interval CT imaging to enable early detection of progression so that treatment can be tailored appropriately.

Published
2012
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14. Preparation of wholemount mouse intestine for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging using two-photon microscopy

Author

Paul L. Appleton, A. J. Quyn, S. Swift, and Inke S. Näthke

Subjects
Glycerol, Histology, Microscope, Phalloidine, Image quality, Confocal, Image processing, Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, law.invention, Mice, Optics, Two-photon excitation microscopy, law, Microscopy, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Animals, Fluorescent Dyes, Histocytological Preparation Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, Rhodamines, business.industry, Immunohistochemistry, Photobleaching, Spherical aberration, Jejunum, business
Abstract

Visualizing overall tissue architecture in three dimensions is fundamental for validating and integrating biochemical, cell biological and visual data from less complex systems such as cultured cells. Here, we describe a method to generate high-resolution three-dimensional image data of intact mouse gut tissue. Regions of highest interest lie between 50 and 200 mum within this tissue. The quality and usefulness of three-dimensional image data of tissue with such depth is limited owing to problems associated with scattered light, photobleaching and spherical aberration. Furthermore, the highest-quality oil-immersion lenses are designed to work at a maximum distance of

Published
2009
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15. Circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis

Author

Telia DeBoyes, Monica El-Masry, Quyn J Sherrod, Eric A. Williams, and Melvin W. Chiu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, Dermatology, business
Published
2011
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