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This study aimed to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to determine the temporal features of functional connectivity states and changes in connectivity strength in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE).High-resolution T1 and rs-fMRI scanning were performed on all the subjects. We used a sliding-window approach to construct a dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) network. The k-means clustering method was performed to analyze specific FC states and related temporal properties. Finally, the connectivity strength between the components was analyzed using network-based statistics (NBS) analysis. The correlations between the abovementioned measures and disease duration were analyzed.After k-means clustering, the SHE patients mainly exhibited two dFC states. The frequency of state 1 was higher, which was characterized by stronger connections within the networks; state 2 occurred at a relatively low frequency, characterized by stronger connections between networks. SHE patients had greater fractional time and a mean dwell time in state 2 and had a larger number of state transitions. The NBS results showed that SHE patients had increased connectivity strength between networks. None of the properties was correlated with illness duration among patients with SHE.The patterns of dFC patterns may represent an adaptive and protective mode of the brain to deal with epileptic seizures.

Background: Determination of H3 K27M mutation in diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is key for prognostic assessment and stratifying patient subgroups for clinical trials. MRI can noninvasively depict morphological and metabolic characteristics of H3 K27M mutant DMG. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) approach to noninvasively predict H3 K27M mutation in DMG using T2-weighted images. Study Type: Retrospective and prospective. Population: For diffuse midline brain gliomas, 341 patients from Center-1 (27 ± 19 years, 184 males), 42 patients from Center-2 (33 ± 19 years, 27 males) and 35 patients (37 ± 18 years, 24 males). For diffuse spinal cord gliomas, 133 patients from Center-1 (30 ± 15 years, 80 males). Field Strength/Sequence: 5T and 3T, T2-weighted turbo spin echo imaging. Assessment: Conventional radiological features were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists. H3 K27M status was determined by histopathological examination. The Dice coefficient was used to evaluate segmentation performance. Classification performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. Statistical Tests: Pearson's Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, two-sample Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. A two-sided P value

The human brain has ability to reorganize itself in response to glioma. However, the mechanism of cortical reorganization remains unclear.To investigate alterations in cortical thickness and local gyration index (LGI) in patients with unilateral frontal lobe diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG).Retrospective.Ninety-nine patients with histopathologically proven DLGG invading the left frontal lobe (LF; N = 56) or the right frontal lobe (RF; N = 43), and healthy controls (HC; N = 53).3.0 T, 3D T1-weighted images and gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted images using magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo sequence, T2-weighted images, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery using turbo spin echo sequence.In patients with DLGG, virtual brain grafting combined with Freesurfer was utilized to enable automated cortical thickness and LGI calculation. In HC, standard FreeSurfer pipeline was applied to calculate these measures. Radiomic features were extracted from glioma using Pyradiomic software.General linear model and Pearson's correlation analysis. A P value0.05 was considered statistically significant.For LF patients, there was significantly increased cortical thickness in the rostral middle frontal gyrus, significantly reduced cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus and hypogyrification in the lingual and medial orbitofrontal (MOF) gyrus in contralateral hemisphere. For RF patients, there was significantly increased cortical thickness in the middle temporal, lateral occipital extending to isthmus cingulate gyrus, significantly reduced cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus and hypogyrification in the lingual gyrus in the contralateral hemisphere. A negative association between four textural features of DLGG and LGI in the right MOF gyrus of LF group was found (r = -0.609, -0.442, -0.545, and -0.417, respectively).Cortical thickness compensation was shown in contralateral homotopic location and some distant contralateral regions. Additionally, there was decreased cortical thickness in the contralateral precentral gyrus and hypogyrification in contralateral lingual gyrus.4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Combining isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation (IDHmut) with O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation (MGMTmet) has been identified as a critical prognostic molecular marker for gliomas. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of glioma radiomics features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the co-occurrence of IDHmut and MGMTmet by applying the tree-based pipeline optimization tool (TPOT), an automated machine learning (autoML) approach. This was a retrospective study, in which 162 patients with gliomas were evaluated, including 58 patients with co-occurrence of IDHmut and MGMTmet and 104 patients with other status comprising: IDH wildtype and MGMT unmethylated (n = 67), IDH wildtype and MGMTmet (n = 36), and IDHmut and MGMT unmethylated (n = 1). Three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images, gadolinium-enhanced 3D T1-weighted images (Gd-3DT1WI), T2-weighted images, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images acquired at 3.0 T were used. Radiomics features were extracted from FLAIR and Gd-3DT1WI images. The TPOT was employed to generate the best machine learning pipeline, which contains both feature selector and classifier, based on input feature sets. A 4-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of automatically generated models. For each iteration, the training set included 121 subjects, while the test set included 41 subjects. Student's t-test or a chi-square test was applied on different clinical characteristics between two groups. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa score, and AUC were used to evaluate the performance of TPOT-generated models. Finally, we compared the above metrics of TPOT-generated models to identify the best-performing model. Patients' ages and grades between two groups were significantly different (p = 0.002 and p = 0.000, respectively). The 4-fold cross-validation showed that gradient boosting classifier trained on shape and textual features from the Laplacian-of-Gaussian-filtered Gd-3DT1 achieved the best performance (average sensitivity = 81.1%, average specificity = 94%, average accuracy = 89.4%, average kappa score = 0.76, average AUC = 0.951). Using autoML based on radiomics features from MRI, a high discriminatory accuracy was achieved for predicting co-occurrence of IDHmut and MGMTmet in gliomas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.

China is the largest producer and consumer of cement worldwide, and cement production entails the release of substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As the cement sector is a crucial sector of the Chinese economy, understanding the role of supply‐ and demand‐side factors may help accelerate efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, few studies have analyzed the critical factors affecting CO2 emissions in the sector based on a combined supply‐ and demand‐side perspective. In this study, we developed an integrated framework that included eleven indicators covering both the supply and demand sides. Results revealed that improving cement production technology cannot offset CO2 emissions from the growth in demand for cement. Improving technology on the supply side would considerably reduce CO2 emissions from Chinese cement production; nevertheless, the combination of rapid urbanization, GDP growth, and an ultra‐high fixed capital formation ratio on the demand side increased CO2 emissions nearly 25‐fold from 1990 to 2015. Notably, some demand‐side factors also had an effect that reduced CO2 emissions. The in‐use stock per unit of fixed capital formation and output per in‐use stock reduced CO2 emissions by 332 million metric tons, which is comparable to the contribution of technological progress. Based on these results, we examine why these demand‐side factors substantially influence CO2 emissions in the Chinese cement sector, and we provide recommendations for policy‐makers on carbon‐reduction measures in this CO2‐intensive sector.

This study investigated the petroleum consumption and petroleum‐related CO emissions (PCOEs) in Northeast China at city level using material flow analysis (MFA) and spatial data analysis (SDA). The petroleum flows for the year 2014 were plotted, and then the spatial patterns, weighted mean centers (WMCs), and spatial autocorrelations of petroleum consumption and PCOEs were calculated, respectively. It was found that Northeast China is a petroleum exploitation‐processing‐export region in China; the total input of petroleum flows comprised two parts—exploitation (about 60%) and import (about 40%). About one third of the total product oil supply flowed into other provinces. In the consumption process, the product oil was dominated by two sectors: the industry sector (45.5%) and the transportation sector (31%). The rate of PCOEs was 36.69 million tonnes in the waste discharge process. Meanwhile, the WMCs of the petroleum consumption and the PCOEs were located in the south of Northeast China. The location of the petroleum pipelines was the factor shown to determine the spatial patterns of petroleum consumption and PCOEs and the hotspots were distributed along the petroleum pipeline, especially in the Circum‐Bohai Sea regions. Economic development in these regions shows a positive dependence on petroleum consumption and generates larger PCOEs. The findings obtained in this study could provide important decision‐making support to low‐carbon development in Northeast China.

Golgin45 plays important roles in Golgi stack assembly and is known to bind both the Golgi stacking protein GRASP55 and Rab2 in the medial-Golgi cisternae. In this study, we sought to further characterize the cisternal adhesion complex using a proteomics approach. We report here that Acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) is likely to be a novel binding partner of Golgin45. ACBD3 interacts with Golgin45 via its GOLD domain, while its co-expression significantly increases Golgin45 targeting to the Golgi. Furthermore, ACBD3 recruits TBC1D22, a Rab33b GTPase activating protein (GAP), to a large multi-protein complex containing Golgin45 and GRASP55. These results suggest that ACBD3 may provide a scaffolding to organize the Golgi stacking proteins and a Rab33b-GAP at the medial-Golgi.

Near-infrared (NIR) chemiluminescence (CL) emission is highly favorable for deep-tissue imaging, but chemically conjugated NIR CL emitters with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property for biotechnology are seldom reported. Herein, an AIE-active NIR CL emitter, TBL, is synthesized by conjugating luminol unit with electron-accepting benzothiadiazole and an electron-donating triphenylamine, and subsequently TBL dots are prepared by using F127 as the surfactant. The CL emission of TBL dots can last continuously for over 60 min and can be employed for quantitative (in vitro) and qualitative (in vivo) detection of 1 O2 . Strikingly, the NIR CL emission can penetrate through tissues with a total thickness of over 3 cm, exhibiting significantly better performance than NIR fluorescence emission and blue CL emission. Moreover, the successful differentiation of tumor and normal tissues by TBL-based CL imaging in vivo also paves the way for CL-guided cancer diagnosis and surgery.

Recent functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) studies have shown changes in glutamate/glutamine (Glx) concentrations between resting-state and active-task conditions. However, the types of task used have been limited to sensory paradigms, and the regions from which Glx con- centrations have been measured limited to sensory ones. This leaves open the question as to whether the same effect can be seen in higher-order brain regions during cognitive tasks. Cortical midline structures, especially the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), have been suggested to be involved in various such cognitive tasks. We, therefore set out to use fMRS to investigate the dynamics of Glx

The resource-development trajectory of developed countries after the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can be portrayed as an “environmental mountain” (EM). It is important for developing countries to decouple their resource use from economic growth and tunnel through the EM. In this study, we embedded the decoupling indicators for resource use and waste emissions into EM curves to quantify China's progress in tunneling through the EM over a specific time period. Five case studies regarding the conditions required for decoupling energy consumption, crude steel production, cement production, CO2 emissions, and SO2 emissions from economic growth in China were conducted. The results indicated that during 1985–2010 the trajectories of energy consumption, and CO2 and SO2 emissions in China met the requirements for tunneling through the EM, but the trajectories of cement and steel production did not. Based on these results, suggestions regarding China's environmental policies are provided to enable the country to tunnel through the EM

Summary We examine decoupling conditions of domestic extraction of materials, energy use, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from gross domestic product (GDP) for two BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries (i.e., China and Russia) and two Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (Japan and the United States) during 2000–2007, using a pair of decoupling indicators for resource use (Dr) and waste emissions (De) and the decoupling chart, which can distinguish between absolute decoupling, relative decoupling, and non-decoupling. We find that (1) during 2000–2007, decoupling between environmental indicators and GDP was higher in the two OECD countries as compared with the two BRIC countries. The key reason is that these countries were in different development stages with different economic growth rates. (2) Changes in environmental policies can significantly influence the degree of decoupling in a country. (3) China, Japan, and the United States were more successful in decoupling SO2 emissions from GDP than in decoupling material and energy use from GDP. The main reason is that, unlike resource use, waste emissions (e.g., SO2 emissions) can be reduced by effective end-of-pipe treatment. (4) The decoupling indicator is different from the changing rate of resource use and waste emissions. If two countries have different GDP growth rates, even though they may have similar values using the decoupling indicator, they may show different rates of change for resource use and waste emissions.

Summary Natural resources provide the basis for our life on Earth. This article presents the accounts of China's direct material input (DMI) during 1998–2008. Using decomposition, we examine factors that have influenced changes in recent resource use in China. China's resource demand in 2011–2015 is projected, based on China's 12th Five-Year Plan. Finally, effective policies to restrain China's resource demand are discussed with the following conclusions: (1) During 1998–2008, China's DMI doubled, from 11 gigatons (Gt) to 22 Gt. Metallic minerals had the strongest growth, quadrupling; nonmetallic minerals and fossil fuels more than doubled, but biomass remained stable. In relative terms, nonmetallic minerals dominated, with more than 60% of total DMI. (2) Factors of affluence (A) and material use intensity (T), respectively, contributed most to the increase and decrease of DMI, but the overall decrease effect is much smaller. Factors of population (P) and recycling (R) only slightly affected changes in China's DMI. (3) During 2008–2015, China's DMI is expected to increase by 27% to 38%, from 22 Gt to 28 to 31 Gt. The average annual rate of increase of DMI would drop to 3% to 5%, from 7% during 1998–2008. (4) Designing new products and infrastructure that use less energy and materials and changing consumption patterns to be more sustainable are crucial to the future resource strategy of China. More policies are expected to improve China's material use intensity and recycling levels.

Two novel triterpenoids, (2α,3α)-3-{[4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]oxy}-2,23-dihydroxy-30-methoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and (2α,3α)-2,23,30-trihydroxy-3-[(β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid (2) were isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., and they both showed weak cytotoxic activity assayed with the MTT method.

Two new polyoxygenated triterpenoids, (2β,3α,6α)-2,3,6,20,23,30-hexahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and (2β,3α)-2,3,20,23,24,30-hexahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2) were isolated from the roots of Actinidia valvataDunn. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic studies. Both compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity in vitro against the BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721 tumor cell lines.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a ciliopathic disorder, which produces gross abnormalities in the kidney, making the initial events in the disease difficult to study. Cysts in PKD arises mostly ...

ENaC open probability (Po) requires the association of ENaC with anionic phospholipids like PIP2. Protein kinase C is also alters ENaC activity, but the mechanism is unclear. Recently we showed tha...

The giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect has been observed in nanocrystalline FeCuCrVSiB films prepared by rf sputtering followed by an annealing treatment. The magnetic properties and the longitudinal and transverse GMI have been studied in detail. Field dependence and frequency spectra of GMI effect have been studied in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 13 MHz. Maximum GMI ratios as large as 50% and 25% were obtained at 13 MHz in the longitudinal and transverse cases, respectively. The field sensitivity of the longitudinal GMI is about 0.11% m/A at 13 MHz. The dependence of effective permeability on the frequency and magnetic field has been investigated.