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Your search keyword '"Profico, Antonio"' showing total 22 results
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22 results on '"Profico, Antonio"'

5. A method for mapping morphological convergence on three‐dimensional digital models: the case of the mammalian sabre‐tooth

Author

Melchionna, Marina, primary, Profico, Antonio, additional, Castiglione, Silvia, additional, Serio, Carmela, additional, Mondanaro, Alessandro, additional, Modafferi, Maria, additional, Tamagnini, Davide, additional, Maiorano, Luigi, additional, Raia, Pasquale, additional, Witmer, Lawrence M., additional, Wroe, Stephen, additional, and Sansalone, Gabriele, additional

Published
2021
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20. Morphomap. An R package for long bone landmarking, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional geometry mapping

Author

Paul O'Higgins, Pasquale Raia, Antonio Profico, Damiano Marchi, Luca Bondioli, Profico A., Bondioli L., Raia P., O'Higgins P., Marchi D., Profico, Antonio, Bondioli, Luca, Raia, Pasquale, O'Higgins, Paul, and Marchi, Damiano

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pan troglodytes, Computer science, geometric morphometric, Long bone, Geometry, cross-sectional geometry, geometric morphometrics, long bones, morphomap, morphometric maps, R, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Anthropology, Physical, cross-sectional geometry, geometric morphometrics, long bones, morphomap, morphometric maps, R, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Software, medicine, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Polygon mesh, Femur, morphometric map, 060101 anthropology, Anatomy, Cross-Sectional, business.industry, Cross sectional geometry, long bone, 06 humanities and the arts, Moment of inertia, R package, Open source, medicine.anatomical_structure, Section (archaeology), Anthropology, Diaphyses, Anatomy, business
Abstract

Objectives This study describes and demonstrates the functionalities and application of a new R package, morphomap, designed to extract shape information as semilandmarks in multiple sections, build cortical thickness maps, and calculate biomechanical parameters on long bones. Methods morphomap creates, from a single input (an oriented 3D mesh representing the long bone surface), multiple evenly spaced virtual sections. morphomap then directly and rapidly computes morphometric and biomechanical parameters on each of these sections. The R package comprises three modules: (a) to place semilandmarks on the inner and outer outlines of each section, (b) to extract cortical thicknesses for 2D and 3D morphometric mapping, and (c) to compute cross-sectional geometry. Results In this article, we apply morphomap to femora from Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes to demonstrate its utility and show its typical outputs. morphomap greatly facilitates rapid analysis and functional interpretation of long bone form and should prove a valuable addition to the osteoarcheological analysis software toolkit. Conclusions Long bone loading history is commonly retrodicted by calculating biomechanical parameters such as area moments of inertia, analyzing external shape and measuring cortical thickness. morphomap is a software written in the open source R environment, it integrates the main methodological approaches (geometric morphometrics, cortical morphometric maps, and cross-sectional geometry) used to parametrize long bones.

Published
2020

21. Reproducing the internal and external anatomy of fossil bones. Two new automatic digital tools

Author

Veronica Valoriani, Alessio Veneziano, Costantino Buzi, Pasquale Raia, Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi, Antonio Profico, Marina Melchionna, Giorgio Manzi, Stefan Schlager, Profico, Antonio, Schlager, Stefan, Valoriani, Veronica, Buzi, Costantino, Melchionna, Marina, Veneziano, Alessio, Raia, Pasquale, Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo, and Manzi, Giorgio

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Laser scanning, Computer science, Fossil bone, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Anthropology, Physical, Software, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, human evolution, maxillary sinuses, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, endocast, 0601 history and archaeology, Polygon mesh, Computer vision, Isolation (database systems), 060101 anthropology, biology, business.industry, Fossils, Lasers, virtual anthropology, malleus bone, Malleus, Morpho, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Anthropology, Artificial intelligence, Anatomy, business, Endocast
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We present two new automatic tools, developed under the R environment, to reproduce the internal and external structures of bony elements. The first method, Computer-Aided Laser Scanner Emulator (CA-LSE), provides the reconstruction of the external portions of a 3D mesh by simulating the action of a laser scanner. The second method, Automatic Segmentation Tool for 3D objects (AST-3D), performs the digital reconstruction of anatomical cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present the application of CA-LSE and AST-3D methods to different anatomical remains, highly variable in terms of shape, size and structure: a modern human skull, a malleus bone, and a Neanderthal deciduous tooth. Both methods are developed in the R environment and embedded in the packages "Arothron" and "Morpho," where both the codes and the data are fully available. RESULTS: The application of CA-LSE and AST-3D allows the isolation and manipulation of the internal and external components of the 3D virtual representation of complex bony elements. In particular, we present the output of the four case studies: a complete modern human endocast and the right maxillary sinus, the dental pulp of the Neanderthal tooth and the inner network of blood vessels of the malleus. DISCUSSION: Both methods demonstrated to be much faster, cheaper, and more accurate than other conventional approaches. The tools we presented are available as add-ons in existing software within the R platform. Because of ease of application, and unrestrained availability of the methods proposed, these tools can be widely used by paleoanthropologists, paleontologists and anatomists.

Published
2018

22. Digging adaptation in insectivorous subterranean eutherians. The enigma of Mesoscalops montanensis unveiled by geometric morphometrics and finite element analysis.

Author

Piras P, Sansalone G, Teresi L, Moscato M, Profico A, Eng R, Cox TC, Loy A, Colangelo P, and Kotsakis T

Subjects
Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humerus anatomy & histology, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Fossils anatomy & histology, Moles anatomy & histology
Abstract

The enigmatic Early Miocene fossorial mammal Mesoscalops montanensis shows one of the most modified humeri among terrestrial mammals. It has been suggested, on qualitative considerations, that this species has no extant homologues for humerus kinematics and that, functionally, the closest extant group is represented by Chrysochloridae. We combine here three dimensional geometric morphometrics, finite element analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods to explore the shape and mechanical stress states of Mesoscalops montanensis as well as of extant and extinct Talpidae and Chrysochloridae under realistic digging simulations. Evolutionary convergence analyses reveal that the shape of Mesoscalops montanensis represents a unique morphology in the context of fossorial mammals and that its functional performance, albeit superficially similar to that of extant Chrysochloridae, still represents a nonconvergent optimum for adaptation to digging., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2015
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