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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Nasika, C. [et al.]. Discrete empirical interpolation for hyper-reduction of hydro-mechanical problems in groundwater flow through soil. "International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics", 10 Abril 2023, vol. 47, núm. 5, p. 667-693, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nag.3487. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. The recent surge in the availability of sensor data and computational resources has fostered the development of technologies for optimization, control, and monitoring of large infrastructures, integrating data and numerical modeling. The major bottleneck in this type of technologies is the model response time, since repetitive solutions are typically required. To reduce the computational time, reduced order models (ROMs) are used as surrogates for expensive finite element (FE) simulations enabling the use of complex models in this type of applications. In this work, ROMs are explored for the solution of the fully coupled hydro-mechanical system of equations that governs the water flow through partially saturated soil. The POD-based Reduced Basis Method and the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM), as well as its localized version (LDEIM), are examined in solving a parametrized problem simulating the mechanical loading of an embankment dam. Hydraulic and mechanical soil properties are considered as parameters. It is shown that the combination of these methods results in simulations that require 1/10 to 1/100 of the FE response time. Moreover, the method is shown to yield scaling efficiency gains with increasing problem size.

International audience; We examined whether 66 germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 candidate genes would predict clinical outcome in 316 patients with resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) enrolled in the ACCORD-12 phase III trial who were randomly treated with preoperative radiotherapy plus capecitabine (CAP45; n = 155) or dose-intensified radiotherapy plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX50; n = 161). The primary endpoint was tumor response according to the Dworak score. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted on treatment arm and T stage determined the SNPs prognostic and predictive values for tumor response. In univariate analysis, five SNPs in ERCC2, XPA, MTHFR and ERCC1 were associated with the Dworak score in the CAPOX50 arm. In the overall population, interaction with treatment arm was significant for ERCC2 rs1799787 (pinteraction = 0.05) and XPA rs3176683 (pinteraction = 0.008), suggesting a predictive effect for response to oxaliplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). All but XPA rs3176683 had a prognostic effect on tumor response. In a multivariate model, interaction remained significant for XPA rs3176683 ([OR 7.33, 95% CI 1.40-38.23], pinteraction = 0.018) and the prognostic effect significant for ERCC2 rs1799787 ([OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.32-0.93], p = 0.027) and ERCC1 rs10412761 ([OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.34-0.98], p = 0.042). Patients with the T/G haplotype of rs1799787 and rs10412761 had a 60% decrease in odds of response (p

Nanostructured glassy-crystalline blends were obtained by reactive blending of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly-(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MBM) triblock copolymer, with polyamide-6 (PA). The PMMA chain, or block, contains a low fraction of glutaric anhydride units which are strongly reactive toward the terminal amino group of PA. Under the blending conditions the grafting reaction is very efficient leading to a high fraction of graft copolymer. When the PA is short, Mn = 2500, nanostructured blends are obtained with both PMMA and MBM while for longer PA, Mn = 15000, nanostructures form only with the triblock MBM copolymer. The intrinsic property of MBM to self-organize in lamellar-like morphology seems to favour the nanostructure formation in the final blend. The resulting materials exhibit unique properties such as transparency, creep resistance and solvent resistance.

Small quantities of block copolymers from two families, styrene-butadiene-methylmethacrylate (SBM) and methylmethacrylate-butylacrylate-methylmethacrylate (MAM) have been added to a polyethylene oxide (PEO) in order to improve its processability, namely increasing its elastic modulus without increasing too much its shear viscosity. The copolymers contain one block of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) that is compatible with PEO; the other blocks create nano phases, dispersed in the PEO matrix. Considerable efforts were devoted to finding the best blending method, either melt processing or solution casting. PEO is very sensitive to shear, and was found to degrade both in the bulk and in solution. Degradation, which cannot be avoided, was quantified through intrinsic viscosity measurements. The rheological characterization of blends containing 1, 2, and 5 wt% block copolymer was carried out. The elastic modulus was found to increase more than the complex viscosity. Blends obtained by solution casting technique gave better results. The elongational viscosity obtained for one blend containing 5 wt% of SBM showed a slight increase with respect to the pure PEO. Mechanical properties were then investigated, through tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis in flexion and in torsion; the copolymer generally enhanced the mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1385–1394, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers

To enhance the killing effects of ionizing radiation, we amplified the endogenous ceramide signal in Jurkat cell cultures using 3 different inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism: DL-PDMP, D-MAPP and imipramine. Of the various possible drug combinations, only DL-PDMP (20 μM) + imipramine (20 μM) and DL-PDMP (20 μM) + imipramine (20 μM) + D-MAPP (5 μM) induced a major increase in ceramide levels, reaching 240% and 340% of control values, respectively, after incubation for 48 hr. With these models, we demonstrate that endogenously formed ceramide triggers time- and concentration-dependent apoptosis through induction of mitochondrial injury and activation of the caspase pathway. Cellular dysfunction includes alterations to the cellular redox potential, as assessed by the generation of ROS and total glutathione depletion, and a drop in ΔΨm. A parallel elevation of mitochondrial ceramide levels was also observed. The combination of DL-PDMP + imipramine ± D-MAPP with 10 Gy irradiation produced cumulative effects leading to apoptosis via mitochondrial collapse and activation of the caspase cascade. The association efficiency was confirmed in normal and acid sphingomyelinase-deficient lymphoid cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that increasing endogenous ceramide levels may potentially be very valuable when combined with ionizing radiation in tumor therapy. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

BACKGROUND The authors performed a specific analysis of the clinical significance of inguinal lymph nodes metastases in patients with anal canal carcinoma (ACC). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of 270 patients who were treated in Lyon between 1980 and 1996 with radiotherapy with curative intent for ACC: No elective irradiation of clinically normal inguinal areas was performed. Patients with metastatic inguinal lymph nodes were treated with inguinal dissection and postoperative irradiation with a dose of 50 grays over 5 weeks. Concomitant chemoradiation, usually with a regimen of fluorouracil and cisplatinum, was given to 159 patients. RESULTS The median follow-up for the whole series was 72 months. Synchronous inguinal metastases were observed in 10% of patients (n = 27; the rate was 16% for patients with T3–T4 lesions), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 54.4%. Metachronous inguinal metastases were seen in 19 patients (7.8%), and the 5-year overall survival rate of these patients was 41.4%. An original finding was that, when the primary tumor clearly was located on a single lateral side of the anal canal, the inguinal lymphatic metastases was always homolateral to it (36 of 36 synchronous plus metachronous tumors). CONCLUSIONS The data from this series of patients and a review of the literature are in favor of a selective approach in the management of inguinal lymph node involvement for patients with ACC, depending on the disease stage and the location of the primary tumors. Cancer 2001;92:77–84. © 2001 American Cancer Society.

Background: Radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) are the mainstays of treatment of prostate cancer with curative intent. The possible development of radiation proctitis and rectal bleeding are major concerns when using EBRT. Recently, conformal radiotherapy has been introduced in an attempt to improve the results of EBRT. This paper presents an overview of the Lyon experience using standard EBRT with doses of 68 Gy, and reports the preliminary results of a study of conformal radiotherapy with dose escalation. Methods: From 1981 to 1995, EBRT was used to treat 231 patients with localized adenocarcinomas of the prostate. The dose of EBRT was 68 Gy/34 fractions/7 weeks using a four-field box technique with 18-MeV photons. A feasibility study of conformal radiotherapy was commenced in 1996. To date, 145 patients have been treated with doses escalating from 68 to 80 Gy. Results: In the EBRT group of 231 patients, the 5-year overall survival was 80.3%. Anorectal function was scored as excellent in 90% of patients. Rectal bleeding was seen in 14.3% of patients and required local treatment in only seven. In the group treated with conformal radiotherapy, the preliminary results indicate good early tolerance. Conclusion: The curative treatment of patients with prostate cancer using EBRT gives good long-term survival with low rectal toxicity. Conformal radiotherapy appears to be an interesting approach to improve local control and perhaps survival.

In France, the late Jean Papillon was responsible for much of the pioneering work in the radiotherapy treatment of patients with rectal cancer. This review is written in tribute to his contribution to, and vast experience in, the conservative management of this common tumour. It describes his protocols with minor modifications currently used at the Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, France. In Lyon, pre-operative adjuvant irradiation is the preferred treatment for patients with T2 and T3 rectal cancer. Initial results suggest that this combined approach significantly improves the likelihood of successful sphincter preservation for patients with carcinoma of the lower third of the rectum. To date, the technique has given good local control with minimal postoperative morbidity and low mortality.

Among the patients showing evidence of cerebral metastases without previously known cancer history, lung cancer has been found 37 times as the primary tumor in our institution. There were 34 men and three women and all but two were heavy smokers. Only one presented at diagnosis with thoracic symptoms but the chest radiograph was abnormal in 34. The histologic type of the primary tumor was obtained in 32 cases as a result of thoracic investigations and in five cases from metastatic tumor tissue. The primary tumor appeared to be non-small cell lung carcinoma in 26 cases and small cell lung carcinoma in 11 cases. These results show that patients treated with surgery (20 cases) have a better survival (median 10 months versus 4.5) than the others, and among surgically treated patients only those treated with bifocal resection (eight patients) are long-term survivors. Also, in four of six patients, objective regression of the neurologic symptoms was seen after radiation therapy alone. Central nervous system relapse was seen in 12 patients, but in none of the patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy. Conventional chemotherapy (11 patients) induced objective responses only in the small cell type and proved to be too toxic when used simultaneously with radiation therapy in inoperable patients.

The authors developed an original procedure of endo-curietherapy of high bile duct carcinoma. An iridium 192 wire is inserted into either a percutaneous transhepatic catheter or a surgically implanted external diversion catheter. The delivered dose varies between 10 and 60 Gy at 1 cm from the wire. Four of the seven patients analyzed also received external irradiation. There were no systemic or local complications. All patients experienced symptomatic relief and four are alive with no evidence of disease. This well-tolerated procedure permits symptomatic palliation without excessive side effects for the patient. In some cases, a curative effect can be expected.