1. Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer
- Author
-
Nadereh Rashtchizadeh, Pejman Shadpour, Nazi Aghaalikhani, and Mojtaba Zamani
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Tumor microenvironment ,Bladder cancer ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cancer ,Inflammation ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Metastasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Downregulation and upregulation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Cancer research ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The presence of inflammatory cells and their products in the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a tumor. Releasing the cytokines from a host in response to infection and inflammation can inhibit tumor growth and progression. However, tumor cells can also respond to the host cytokines with increasing the growth/invasion/metastasis. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The microenvironment of a bladder tumor has been indicated to be rich in growth factors/inflammatory cytokines that can induce the tumor growth/progression and also suppress the immune system. On the contrary, modulate of the cancer progression has been shown following upregulation of the cytokines-related pathways that suggested the cytokines as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we provide a summary of cytokines that are involved in BC formation/regression with both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. A more accurate understanding of tumor microenvironment creates favorable conditions for cytokines targeting to treat BC.
- Published
- 2019