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Aim We analyzed the association of age, sex, and dosage with licorice-associated pseudoaldosteronism using spontaneous adverse event reports. Methods Pseudoaldosteronism incidence data from 2004 to 2013 were obtained from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. These reports were analyzed using a reporting odds ratio (ROR). Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities-preferred terms were used to identify pseudoaldosteronism. Results Pseudoaldosteronism was reported frequently in female patients aged >50 years. ROR of pseudoaldosteronism were calculated and stratified by licorice dosage. ROR (95%CI) for doses

In semiconductor wafer manufacturing processes, defect candidates are usually extracted by an inspection system. The defect candidates are composed of true defects such as open circuits, contaminants, and bridges, as well as nondefect patterns, called nuisances, which predominate over true defects. The goal of this study is to classify the defect candidates as the various true defects and nuisances by using a small number of training data obtained by SEM inspection. It is shown that the accuracy of clustering is considerably improved by use of qualitative knowledge about the defects, given a priori by inspectors, in the clustering processes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(11): 46–54, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10183

(Salen)manganese(III) complex 7 designed on the basis of the new proposal on the olefin's access to metal-oxo bond and complex 10 having axial chirality in salicylaldehyde part were found to be effective catalysts for the epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins, especially for cis-olefins.

Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides was examined by using (salen)manganese(III) complexes as catalysts and (8S,8′S,1″S,2″S)-complex (3b) was found to show high asymmetric induction up to 90% ee. To be interested, however, (8R,8′R,1″S,2″S)-complex (1a) that showed excellent asymmetric induction in the epoxidation of simple olefins was a poor catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides.

Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides was examined by using (salen)manganese(III) complexes as catalysts and (8S,8′S,1″S,2″S)-complex