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Mars Hill University in North Carolina was created to provide educational opportunities for students who otherwise wouldn't have them. That was in 1856, and the institution has undergone a few name changes since then.

2015 marks the 80th anniversary of the formation of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Radiology (ANZAR) in 1935. The association underwent several name changes over the following decades, finally becoming The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) in 1998. The following is the text from the speech given by the President of the College, A/Prof Chris Milross, at the 2015 RANZCR Annual Scientific Meeting to mark the anniversary.

Corporate name changes are relatively common events, with some evidence suggesting that name changes are strategic in nature. Although prior research has examined the effect of name changes on the firm, these studies have focused primarily on the stock price reaction to name changes. Such a focus has a number of limitations, including a reliance on samples that consist solely of publicly traded firms and an inability to determine whether the source of the impact is driven by increases in revenue, increases in efficiency, and/or reductions in costs. We overcome these limitations by testing the impact of corporate name changes on U.S. property–casualty insurers using detailed statutory data. We find a significant and positive relation between name changes and subsequent growth in premiums. The results are robust across various model specifications and suggest that name changes contain information that consumers interpret as meaningfully positive.

The implementation of panel studies in developing countries can prove valuable in driving evidenced-based policies. Case analysis from panel studies in developing countries are therefore useful in offering guidance and insight to deal with the immense challenges of implementing and following-up a panel study in a developing country. The aim of this paper is to describe the follow-up process within Birth to Twenty (Bt20), a birth cohort study in Johannesburg, South Africa, over the past 16 years; and to outline retention strategies and insight within the context of an urban, developing country setting. The main issues considered are: attrition (periodic and absolute), movement of individuals, name changes, cohort management and lessons learned. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Based on the catalogue of brachiopods of the Museum fur Naturkunde (= Zoologisches Museum Berlin) published by Helmcke in 1939 and complemented by a recent re-arrangement and databasing of the collection, the brachiopod types held in the collection “Marine Invertebrates” of the Museum fur Naturkunde are described in detail. Where appropriate the history of name changes of the species is given in chronological order. Taxonomic remarks and historical information about the specimens enlightening the history of name changes, misinterpretations of types and other specimen details complement the descriptions. 30 brachiopod species are represented by primary types, one of which remains uncertain. 4 additional species were thought to be represented by primary types in Helmcke (1939a), but their type status could not be confirmed here. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The 14th Prime Minister of the twentieth century was a 14th Earl, an improbable occurrence and one never likely to be repeated. Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home was born on 2 July 1903, the eldest of seven children of the 13th Earl of Home (pronounced ‘Hume’). He himself was to undergo several name changes, becoming successively Lord Dunglass, Earl of Home, Sir Alec Douglas-Home and, finally, Lord Home of the Hirsel. According to his official biographer, D.R. Thorpe, his ‘upbringing was privileged even by the standards of the upper classes of the time’ (Thorpe 1996). He was descended from two of the most powerful and wealthy families in Scotland. The Douglases, famous robber barons, had been the scourge of the English for several centuries; the Homes had betrayed their own countrymen to collaborate with their English oppressors, and, in 1603, the first Earl came down to London with King James I, as one of his most trusted advisers. The Douglas and Home families were united by marriage in 1832, and, when Alec was born, his grandfather, the 12th Earl, owned well over 100,000 acres, with estates in Berwickshire and Lanarkshire — the latter containing valuable coal deposits — as well as several grouse moors, valuable fishing rights over a long stretch of the River Tweed, and castles at Douglas and the Hirsel, near Coldstream.

Objective This study aimed to discover what the family doctors who attended an annual refresher course wished to obtain from participating in the event and what their response was to evidence that doctor behaviour is not changed by such programmes. Design The study used the qualitative method of in-depth interviews. Setting Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and the surrounding area. Participants The informants for the study were a sample of 6 family doctors who attended the 50th Annual Refresher Course for Family Physicians, held in April 2001 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Method In-depth interviews with the participants were conducted before and after they attended the annual refresher course. The doctors had pre-registered for the 3-day course. They were purposely selected to obtain diversity of gender, year of graduation from medical school and practice location. Results The doctors interviewed had 3 main reasons for attending the refresher course: to obtain information or to be updated; to be reassured that their practice behaviour was within accepted guidelines, and to hear from and interact with the specialists who gave presentations. All the participants in the study were able to name changes they had made as the result of attending a similar type of programme in the past and were sceptical of findings that practice behaviour did not change as a result of traditional continuing medical education (CME). Conclusions Despite current support for interactive and practice-linked educational activities, the doctors in this study valued the input of the experts who lectured at the course. These doctors were not prepared to accept the currently held precept that their behaviour did not change as a result of attendance at traditional CME programmes.

RESPIRATORY diseases of pigs have undergone a variety of name changes over the years, partly as a reflection of the evolution of these diseases and partly as a result of changing fashions. From the point of view of the clinician who sees a pig with a cough or dyspnoea which fails to thrive, there is little difference clinically between a grower/finishing pig of the 21st century with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and a fattening (finishing) pig in the 1960s with enzootic pneumonia. The clinical signs are similar but the aetiology may be different due to changes in production methods, the development of efficacious vaccines and the appearance over the past decade or so of serious viral diseases affecting the respiratory tract. This article traces the evolution of porcine respiratory disease over recent decades, discusses the current disease priorities and briefly outlines strategies for control.

In the face of an increasingly challenging scientific and fiscal environment, and of shrinking government funding to research institutions, these institutions (including herbaria) must enter the "stakeholder society", in which the needs of the customer are foremost, if they are to survive and remain relevant in the new millennium. To ensure that herbaria in South Africa are indeed delivering those products and services that their customers need and require, a national workshop was organised under the auspices of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), which provided the setting for discussion (with the customers) of these needs and wants. Perhaps predictably, it was established that South African end-users of botanical information need more regularly updated, more comprehensive information (e.g., in terms of species lists, name changes and distributional data) than that which they are currently getting. They furthermore want a larger choice in the format of the information not only as hard copy, but also as Internet-based electronic versions. Faster, more efficient services (especially plant identification services) are needed. In terms of infrastructure: to have more confidence in the completeness of the data, a larger, more representative collated herbarium collection (and therefore the expansion of current herbarium collections) is needed. The herbaria of South Africa face several manpower and financial constraints in the implementation of the actions needed to address adequately the needs and wants of their stakeholders.

While preparing a review of the family Podostemaceae, we have found it necessary to change the name of some species. Following rules of priority, Crenias K. P. J. Sprengel replaces Mniopsis Martius. No convincing reasons can be found to maintain the monotypic genera Hydrobryopsis, Malaccotristicha, Synstylis and Torrenticola; they are merged in their sister genera Zeylanidium, Tristicha, Hydrobryum and Cladopus, respectively. On morphological grounds Polypleurella micranthera is transferred to Hydrobryum and Polypleurum submersa is transferred to Saxicolella.

This paper uses a market signaling perspective to examine investor reactions to firm announcements of name changes to include ‘.com.’ Firms that change their name as a purely cosmetic technique are contrasted to those that employ other strategic investments. Results show that announcements of ‘.com’ name changes are associated with significant increases in stock prices and trading activity. Furthermore, the magnitude of investor reactions is significantly larger when name changes are accompanied by other strategies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper outlines the story of the country's second-oldest natural history museum from its founding in 1825 to the present. Its history includes seven name changes reflecting the young society's struggle to survive, the changing cultural environment, and the extension of its audiences from the immediate Worcester neighborhood to the New England regional area. The article also reviews its scope from several cabinets of specimens to displays of wildlife, exhibitions about ecology, astronomy, and technology, along with comprehensive education programming.

For the well advanced Flora of Namaqualand edited by A. LE ROUX a state of the art list of accepted Ornithogalum names, recently the second genus in size among southern African Hyacinthaceae (after Lachenalia) and now the largest one, is needed. The present sketchy revision is the preliminary harvest of 20 years of occasional encounters with this genus in the field and subsequent observations on cultivated plants, which could solve quite a number of questions and the preliminary lumping of taxa in the last revision (OBERMEYER 1978). The present treatment is intended to be an addition to OBERMEYER'S revision. Its backbone is the enlarged species list. Synonyms are only repeated if there are corrections or additions concerning further type specimens. The keys are still based on OBERMEYER'S. In the recent Ornithogalum list for southern Africa by REID 1993 only four species are added to OBERMEYER'S revision. One of these additions is reduced to synonymy in the present paper, whereas all the 54 species recognized by OBERMEYER 1978 are tentatively maintained. Additionally 26 species are resuscitated from synonymy and 40 new species are described, mainly from the winter-rainfall region (western Cape and southern Namibia). Thus with a total of 123 southern African species Ornithogalum is again the largest genus of Hyacinthaceae in southern Africa. More details about differences with OBERMEYER'S treatment concerning name changes, resuscitations, and the infrageneric taxonomy proposed are presented in a detailed summary at the end of the paper. In order to place correctly a synonym excluded from Ornithogalum, the genus Physodia SALISB. 1866 is resuscitated, and four new specific combinations are proposed. Fur die weit fortgeschrittene Flora von Namaqualand (ed. A. le ROUX) wird eine Liste der gultigen Ornithogalum-Arten gemas dem gegenwartigen Wissensstand benotigt. Diese Gattung war bis jetzt die zweitgroste Hyacinthaceen-Gattung des sudlichen Afrikas (nach Lachenalia) und ist jetzt die groste. Die vorliegende skizzenhafte Revision ist das vorlaufige Resultat von 20 Jahren zufalliger Begegnungen mit Ornithogalum im Gelande und von den nachfolgenden Beobachtungen im Gewachshaus, die viele Fragen der letzten Revision (OBERMEYER 1978) und von deren vorlaufigen Artzusammenziehungen aufklaren konnten. Die vorliegende Darstellung beabsichtigt, eine Erganzung zu OBERMEYER zu sein. Ihr Kern ist die erweiterte Artenliste mit Begrundungen. Synonyme werden nur wiederholt, wenn es Korrekturen oder Erganzungen zu weiteren Typusbelegen gibt. Die Bestimmungsschlussel bauen auf OBERMEYER'S auf. In der neuen Ornithogalum-Liste fur das sudliche Afrika von REID 1993 werden nur vier Arten zu OBERMEYER'S Revision hinzugefugt. Eine davon wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit als Synonym nachgewiesen, wahrend alle 54 Arten, die OBERMEYER anerkennt, vorlaufig aufrechterhalten werden. Zusatzlich werden 26 Arten aus der Synonymie wieder eingesetzt, und 40 Arten werden neubeschrieben, vor allem aus der Winterregenregion (westliches Kap und sudliches Namibia). Dadurch wird Ornithogalum mit insgesamt 123 Arten wieder die groste Hyacinthaceen-Gattung im sudlichen Afrika. Nahere Einzelheiten uber Fortschritte gegenuber OBERMEYERS Revision betr. vorgeschlagener Namensanderungen, Wiedereinsetzungen und die infragenerische Taxonomie werden in einem ausfuhrlicheren Summary am Ende der Arbeit dargestellt. Um ein aus Ornithogalum ausgeschlossenes Synonym richtig einzuordnen, wird die Gattung Physodia SALISB. 1866 wiedererweckt, und vier Arten werden neu kombiniert.

This study investigated name changes of women authors to determine how they were represented in indexes and cited references and identify problem areas. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not indexing services were using authority control and how this influenced the search results. The works of eight library science authors who had published under multiple names were examined. The researchers compared author names as they appeared on title pages of publications versus in four online databases and in bibliographies by checking 380 publications and 1,159 citations. Author names were correctly provided 81.22% of the time in indexing services and 90.94% in citation lists. The lowest accuracy (54.55%) occurred when limiting to publications found in Library Literature. The highest accuracy (94.18%) occurred with works published before a surname changed. Author names in indexes and citations correctly matched names on journal articles more often than for any other type of publication. Indexes and citation style manuals treated author names in multiple ways, often altering names substantially from how they appear on the title page. Recommendations are made for changes in editorial styles by indexing services and by the authors themselves to help alleviate future confusion in author name searching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Otto Kuntze is known for making many new combinations, mostly spurious, in his Revisio Genera Plantarum. For species of Indigofera, these new names were published under the pre-Linnaean generic name Anila Ludw., validated by Kuntze himself in 1891. In his treatment of this group, however, Kuntze also proposed a number of nomina nova that seem largely to have been overlooked. These names are not themselves illegitimate according to Art. 55.1 of the St. Louis Code (Greuter & al., 2000) and their epithets are to be taken into consideration for purposes of priority. There were seven nomina nova proposed; three new combinations, all for Indian taxa, are required based on some of these. One adjustment to the author citation of an African species is also required. The Nomenclature Section of the Tokyo Congress resolved, that well established names should not be changed for purely nomenclatural reasons by resurrection of long-forgotten names (see p. xiv of the Tokyo Code). However, none of the names being replaced can be considered well established; they do not appear in any widely available floras and two of them have been changed within the past 25 years. The names that should now be applied to the seven taxa are outlined below.

In the U.K., Nestle's make a brand of breakfast cereal called Shreddies. It is a rather good cereal that I have eaten since being a child. This year we have the option of buying packets with a "REAL meteorite". Emblazoned all over the box are images of fire-trailing fireballs and the explanation "A meteor is a rock from space that has entered the Earth's atmosphere. The name changes to meteorite once it hits the surface".

Summary The premise of Harrison (I971), contending that Hydnum L. ex Fr. must be typified by H. imbricatum is examined. In light of the full protologue, and employing the International Code, it is concluded that H. repandum is the rightful type of the genus. Banker (1902) established H. imbricatum as lectotype species for the genus Hydnum, but reversed his decision later (Banker, 1906). Donk (1933) selected H. repandum as the type of the genus, but the choice between these two species as type has remained in controversy until the present. Most recently, Harrison (I971) has summarized his thinking, defending the choice of H. imbricatum as the type of Hydnum L. ex Fr., and thereby attempting to force the use of Dentinum S. F. Gray for the H. repandum group. His argument is largely in rebuttal to that of Donk (I956), who selected H. repandum as the type of Hydnum L. ex Fr. Several points require rethinking, however, and these are discussed below. In order to appreciate the problem, the reader is advised to examine the above references carefully before progressing through this discussion. Several general points must be emphasized. First, particular care must be taken in the citations of taxa. For instance, Harrison usually correctly cited the genus as Hydnum L. ex Fr., but also used "Hydnum Pers.," which, to my knowledge, does not exist in the literature. Gray cited the genus as "Hydnum Dillenius," also non-existent. Second, several portions of the International Code (Lanjouw, et al., 1966) are pertinent to the argument. Both in Art. 7, note 7, and in the Guide for the Determination of Types, the concept of protologue is invoked. All parties (Harrison, Donk, me) seem agreed that the protologue must be interpreted as extending to pre-starting-date literature when necessary. Third, extraneous arguments must be avoided. Only two pathways are pertinent; I) the origin of the genus concept symbolized by the name Hydnum, and 2) the legitimate type of the original sense of Hydnum. Gray's introduction of Dentinum, the placement of species in published lists, postFriesian treatments of the genus, and the size of the genus in differing concepts all are extraneous and need not be discussed, although all may be interesting in their own right. All are dismissed in more detail below. Finally, the Code is clear that the first candidate for type is a holotype, if such can be found. Dillenius, in introducing a monotypic genus, implied a holotype, and although Linnaeus made two name changes (to Hydna and then to Hydnum) he never eliminated the original taxonomic concept, but only added to it. The concept of Erinaceus remained throughout, even through Fries's treatment. With the presence of a holotype, all attempts at lectoty

The precursor studies1) and floristic treatment of P.J. Eyma of the Guttiferae of Suriname2) exhibited a remarkably keen insight into the biology and taxonomy of this rather complicated family. Particularly this is true of the genus Clusia, which is the concern of this paper, and for which even yet the overall biology is indeed too little known. In the Flora of Surinam (1.c.) Eyma admitted eleven species. Now, as a result of more field activity from which much new material has been derived, there can be credited to Suriname fourteen species, of which three have been collected in that country subsequent to the studies of Eyma. Name changes are required for two species.

* American business is registering an increasing number of corporate name changes: 5,128 companies adopted new titles in the 1982-1986 five-year period, and over 1,500 name changes were made during 1987.1 In the first half of 1987, for example, 919 corporations changed their names-the fastest pace ever, and 59% more than in the first half of 1986. Corporate mergers and acquisitions accounted for 54% of the 1987 changes; divestitures caused 17%.2 Creating a new image is the most often cited motivation for the remainder. Other rea