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Grain hardness, amylose content, and glutenin subunit composition are critical determinants for end-use properties of wheat. To improve the end-use properties of domestic wheats, we studied these traits between the Australian and North American wheat classes exported to Japan in 2009 and 2011 by analyzing the corresponding alleles. Most hard classes had Pina-D1b or Pinb-D1b. A partial waxy allele (Wx-B1b) was found in all Australian Standard White (ASW) seeds in 2009 and two-thirds of ASW seeds in 2011. All or most American hard wheat seeds had Glu-D1d. Most U.S. Western White (WW) seeds had a null allele (Glu-A1c) or alleles that lacked one of the two Glu-B1 subunits. Most hard red winter (HRW) seeds had Glu-B3b or Glu-B3g. Quality characteristics of these classes seemed to be consistent with these results. In addition, we also found new Glu-1 and Glu-3 alleles in HRW and WW. These results suggested that although there are variations in its allelic composition from year to year, each class has u...

To study the influence of genes from Thinopyrum intermedium on traits affecting the bread-making quality of wheat, two derivatives from a putative disomic addition line in cultivar ‘Vilmorin 27’ were used in cytological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Cytological analysis suggested that one of the derivatives (Line-1) had a terminal deletion involving the long arm of chromosome 1D (2n = 42, Del-1DL”), and the other (Line-2) was a conventional addition line, but also carried the same deletion on chromosome 1D (2n = 44, Thi”+Del-1DL”). Amplification and sequencing of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes coded by the Th. intermedium chromosome in Line-2 indicated the presence of one x-type with an extra cysteine and four (rather than one) unique y-type genes. Rheological studies of Line-1 showed significantly lower dough strength compared to ‘Vilmorin 27’, confirming the recognized role of Glu-1D coded HMW-GSs. Line-2 showed significantly higher dough strength compared to the background cultivar, indicating a significant potential of Th. intermedium for improvement of bread-making quality in wheat.

This study involved screening of wild species of wheat in search of functionally useful seed storage proteins for improvement of breadmaking quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum). After screening of 177 disomic addition lines (DALs) of wheat belonging to different wild species, Aegilops searsii DALs were selected and studied in detail. These DALs of Ae. searsii were from chromosome 1Ss to 7Ss in the background of cultivated wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS). By analyzing these addition lines, genetic loci of actively expressed genes for the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and gliadin were found on the chromosome 1Ss for the first time and have been designated as Glu-Ss1 and Gli-Ss1, respectively. Disomic addition line of chromosome 1Ss (DAL1Ss) showed improved dough strength in different generations compared with CS. SDS sedimentation value and specific sedimentation of DAL1Ss were higher than CS. Mixograph peak height and band width were higher, with no difference in mixing peak time...