Search

Pericardial metastasis from HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) without local recurrence is extremely rare. We report about a 69‐year‐old man exhibiting pericardial metastasis on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). There are currently no reports on the use of PET/CT in patients with pericardial metastasis from p16‐positive OPSCCs.

An analytical method was developed for the quantification of spinosad (sum of spinosyns A and D) in five animal-derived products (chicken breast, pork, beef, egg, and milk) using LC-MS/MS. The sample was extracted using acetonitrile/1% acetic acid and a combination of magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate salts. The sample was purified using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as sorbent via a dispersive-solid-phase extraction procedure. Matrix-matched calibration (seven-point) provided good linearity with coefficient of determination (R2 ) ≥0.99 for each product. The limits of detection and quantification (LOQs) ranged between 0.0003-0.03 and 0.001-0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Method validation was carried out after spiking the target standard to blank matrices at the concentration levels of LOQ, 2 × LOQ, and 10 × LOQ with three replicates for each. The average recoveries were between 74 and 104%, with relative standard deviations ≤9.68, which were within the acceptable range designated by the international organizations. The developed method was successfully applied for monitoring market samples collected throughout the Korean Peninsula, and none of the samples tested positive for the target analytes. It has therefore been shown that dehydration and acidification were effective to extract spinosad from animal-derived products.

Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase that results in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), including heparan sulfate (HS), which is considered to contribute to neuropathology. We examined the efficacy of intracerebroventricular (ICV) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) of idursulfase-beta (IDS-β) and evaluated the usefulness of HS as a biomarker for neuropathology in MPS II mice. We first examined the efficacy of three different doses (3, 10, and 30 μg) of single ICV injections of IDS-β in MPS II mice. After the single-injection study, its long-term efficacy was elucidated with 30 μg of IDS-β ICV injections repeated every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The efficacy was assessed by the HS content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain of the animals along with histologic examinations and behavioral tests. In the single-injection study, the 30 μg of IDS-β ICV injection showed significant reductions of HS content in brain and CSF that were maintained for 28 days. Furthermore, HS content in CSF was significantly correlated with HS content in brain. In the long-term repeated-injection study, the HS content in the brain and CSF was also significantly reduced and correlated. The histologic examinations showed a reduction in lysosomal storage. A significant improvement in memory/learning function was observed in open-field and fear-conditioning tests. ICV ERT with 30 μg of IDS-β produced significant improvements in biochemical, histological, and functional parameters in MPS II mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the HS in the CSF had significant positive correlation with brain tissue HS and GAG levels, suggesting HS in CSF as a useful clinical biomarker for neuropathology.

We have designed and synthesized hierarchically porous and spherical carbons decorated with a nickel manganese oxide (NiMn2O4) and utilized them as a pseudocapacitor electrode. The polyanthracene (PAT)-based carbon materials were firstly synthesized by the self-polymerization of bromomethylated anthracene in the presence of zinc bromide as a catalyst and bromomethyl methyl ether as a crosslinker. The carbon materials with a 3D network were fabricated by direct carbonization and activation of the as-prepared PAT. The micro-, meso-, and macroporous 3D carbon materials are characterized by a large specific surface area, an electrolyte−electrode interface area, and a continuous electron transport path. To produce high-performance pseudocapacitor electrodes, NiMn2O4-decorated carbon hybrid materials (C@NiMn2O4) have also been synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. The C@NiMn2O4 composites exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 470.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, good rate capability of 74.6 %, and excellent capacitance retention of 89.6 % at a current density of 10 A g−1 following 5000 cycles. Based on these results, the electrode shows good potential for future supercapacitor applications.

Lepimectin, as an emulsifiable concentrate, was sprayed on shallots at the recommended dose rate (10 mL/20 L) to determine its residue levels, dissipation pattern, pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs), and health risk. Samples were randomly collected over 10 days, extracted with acetonitrile, purified using an amino solid-phase extraction (NH2 -SPE) cartridge and analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection method. Field-incurred samples were confirmed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity was excellent, with a determination coefficient (R2 ) of ≥0.9991. The recoveries at two spiking levels (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg) ranged from 84.49 to 87.64% with relative standard deviations of ≤7.04%. The developed method was applied to field samples grown in separate greenhouses, one located in Naju and one in Muan, in the Republic of Korea. The dissipation pattern was described by first-order kinetics with half-lives of 1.9 (Naju) and 1.7 days (Muan). The PHRL curves indicated that, if the lepimectin residues are

Background We attempted to elucidate the mechanism of cell death after radiation by studying how β-catenin silencing controls the radiation sensitivity of radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. Methods The most radioresistant cancer cell line (AMC-HN-9) was selected for study. Targeted silencing of β-catenin was used on siRNAs. Sensitivity to radiation was examined using clonogenic and methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assays. Results A combination of irradiation plus β-catenin silencing led to a significant reduction in the inherent radioresistance of AMC-HN-9 cells. Although expression of Ku70/80 was upregulated in AMC-HN-9 cells after irradiation, Ku70/80 was dramatically decreased in a combination of irradiation and β-catenin silencing. Interestingly, irradiation-induced Ku70/80 was completely prevented by β-catenin silencing-induced LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signal. Conclusion The LKB1/AMPK pathway might relay the signal between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the Ku70/Ku80 DNA repair machinery, and play a decisive role in fine-tuning the responses of cancer cells to irradiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition is a potentially attractive approach to cancer therapy. A number of HDAC inhibitors are in clinical development stages for the treatment of cancer as well as immune and inflammatory disorders. Although there are several approved HDAC inhibitors by the US FDA, they show a broad inhibitory spectrum against HDAC subfamily. Herein, we synthesized a series of novel hydroxamate analogs, and evaluated them with lymphoma cancer cell. Conclusively, we identified an HDAC3 selective inhibitor which shows good anticancer activity for the lymphoma model, as well as a good drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) profile.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates the stability of various proteins and plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis. Many client proteins of HSP90 are involved in cell growth, survival, and migration; processes that are generally accepted as participants in tumorigenesis. HSP90 is also up-regulated in certain tumors. Indeed, the inhibition of HSP90 is known to be effective in cancer treatment. Recently, studies showed that HSP90 regulates transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced transcription by increasing the stability of the TGF-β receptor. TGF-β signaling also has been implicated in cancer, suggesting the possibility that TGF-β1 and HSP90 function cooperatively during the cancer cell progression. Here in this paper, we investigated the role of HSP90 in TGF-β1-stimulated Mv1Lu cells. Treatment of Mv1Lu cells with the HSP90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17AAG), or transfection with truncated HSP90 (ΔHSP90) significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced cell migration. Pretreatment with 17AAG or transfection with ΔHSP90 also reduced the levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3. In addition, the HSP90 inhibition interfered the nuclear localization of Smads induced by constitutively active Smad2 (S2EE) or Smad3 (S3EE). We also found that the HSP90 inhibition decreased the protein level of importin-β1 which is known to regulate R-Smad nuclear translocation. These data clearly demonstrate a novel function of HSP90; HSP90 modulates TGF-β signaling by regulating Smads localization. Overall, our data could provide a detailed mechanism linking HSP90 and TGF-β signaling. The extension of our understanding of HSP90 would offer a better strategy for treating cancer.

The aim of this study was to establish an analytical method to detect fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography (GC). The optimal extraction conditions for SFE were: temperature, 60 °C; pressure, 280 kg/cm2; extraction time, 50 min; and a 10% modifier ratio. The linearity of the calibration curves was good and yielded a determination coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.995. The soil samples were fortified with known quantities of the analytes at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 µg/g for fluquinconazole; 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g for tetraconazole), and the recoveries ranged between 83.7 and 94.1%. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.3–10.6 and 2.2–11.9% for fluquinconazole and tetraconazole, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.002 and 0.01 µg/g for fluquinconazole and 0.01 and 0.05 for tetraconazole, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of soil residues collected from an onion field. The results show that a combination of SFE and GC can be used as an environmentally friendly technique to detect fungicides in soil. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases has been implicated in a variety of cancers. In particular, activating mutations such as the L858R point mutation in exon 21 and the small in-frame deletions in exon 19 of the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain are correlated with sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Clinical treatment of patients is limited by the development of drug resistance resulting mainly from a gatekeeper mutation (T790M). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a novel, irreversible pan-HER inhibitor, HM781-36B. The results from this study show that HM781-36B is a potent inhibitor of EGFR in vitro, including the EGFR-acquired resistance mutation (T790M), as well as HER-2 and HER-4, compared with other EGFR tyrosine kinases inhibitors (erlotinib, lapatinib and BIBW2992). HM781-36B treatment of EGFR DelE746_A750-harboring erlotinib-sensitive HCC827 and EGFR L858R/T790M-harboring erlotinib-resistant NCI-H1975 NSCLC cells results in the inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation and the subsequent deactivation of downstream signaling proteins. Additionally, HM781-36B shows an excellent efficacy in a variety of EGFR- and HER-2-dependent tumor xenograft models, including erlotinib-sensitive HCC827 NSCLC cells, erlotinib-resistant NCI-H1975 NSCLC cells, HER-2 overexpressing Calu-3 NSCLC cells, NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells, SK-Ov3 ovarian cancer cells and EGFR-overexpressing A431 epidermoid carcinoma cancer cells. On the basis of these preclinical results, HM781-36B is the most potent pan-HER inhibitor, which will be advantageous for the treatment of patients with NSCLC including clinical limitation caused by acquired mutation (EGFR T790M), breast cancer and gastric cancer.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma on lymph node metastasis. Methods The coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis group was defined by the presence of thyroid autoantibodies or pathologic confirmation. The control group did not have autoantibodies, disease, or ultrasound findings of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Results For the Hashimoto's thyroiditis group, only central lymph node metastasis had a lower frequency and the mean number of central metastatic lymph nodes was lower than in the control group after adjustment. With regard to lateral lymph node involvement, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. The multivariate analysis showed a negative association between the coexistence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and central lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Coexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma was identified as a negative independent predictive factor for central lymph node metastasis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010

trans-2-(2-Aryl- or heteroarylvinyl)-4,5-dichloropyridazin-3(2H)-ones 3 were synthesized from 4,5-dichloropyridazin-3(2H)-one via 2 step. The photochemical behavior of 3 in THF, methylene chloride, acetonitrile and methanol is dependent on the kind of aryl or heterocyclic ring and the solvent polarity

In the stereocomplex between enantiomeric poly(l-lactide) (I-PLA) and poly(d-lactide), crystallites formed as a result of stereocomplexation, equimolar I- and d-lactide unit sequences are packed side by side. The stereocomplex exhibits a melting temperature higher by about 50 °C than that of each homopolymer. In this study, we attempt to obtain further insight into the stereocomplex-induced surface structure of enantiomeric PLA blend films. The design of the blend systems is based on principles of surface segregation of multicomponent polymeric systems with a low surface energy, triblock copolymer (l-PLA-b-PDMS-b-l-PLA) of l-PLA and poly(dimethyl siloxane). (l-PLA-b-PDMS-b-l-PLA/l-PLA) blend films showed the surface segregation of PDMS, regardless of blend composition while the surface composition of PDMS in the (l-PLA-b-PDMS-b-l-PLA/d-PLA) blend films was strongly depended on blend composition or a degree of complexation. These results are likely due to strong interaction between d- and l-lactide unit sequences, which prevents the surface segregation of PDMS.

We have synthesized three kinds of titanylphthalocyanines with different crystal structures (TiOPcs; PcT2oooR, PcT3000R, and PcT1100S) and analyzed their crystal structure by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer IR (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). From experimental results, we have confirmed that PcT200oR was estimated to be alpha-form; PcT3000R was beta-form, and PcT1100S was gamma-form. Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices were prepared with a polymer electrolyte using TiOPcs as a co-adsorbent. The DSSC device using TiOPc has higher power conversion efficiency than without TiOPc, due to decrease of electron transfer distance by the interface adsorption between TiO 2 film and polymer electrolyte. Also, we have studied the effects of the crystal structures of TiOPcs on the property of polymer electrolyte and the performance of the DSSC device. The best result on power conversion efficiency was 7.13% in DSSC device using PcT3000R having its highest stability. The open-circuit voltage (V oc ) was 0.69 V, the short-circuit current density (j sc ) was 20.02 mA/cm 2 , and the Fill Factor (FF) was 0.52. the addition of TiOPc as co-adsorbent is useful for improve to the performances of DSSC devices such as V oc , J sc , and power conversion efficiency.

In this study, we report the synthesis and holographic characterization of polycarbonates containing an azobenzene group in their side-chains. The polycarbonate (DR-PC) was synthesized by the polyaddition reaction of Disperse Red 19 (DR 19) and carbon dioxide in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for 24 h in air, and we investigated the mechanism in the presence of potassium carbonate. The film of polycarbonate was obtained by casting onto a slide glass in N,N-dimethylformamide. The diffraction efficiency of the polycarbonate film was measured as a function of time and intensity of the induced laser. Independently of the intensity of the writing beam, the maximum diffraction efficiency in all DR-PC films reached about 0.25%. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

The thiophene-based copolymers (poly)3TA-co-3HT)-1 and poly(3TA-co-3HT)-2) as hole conducting materials on the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were synthesized. In order to increase the solubility and the interface absorption of the copolymers onto nanoporous TiO2 layer in the DSSC device, two different kinds of thiophene monomers were used hexyl and with substituted carboxyl groups. The compositions, structures, and thermal properties of these copolymers were characterized. The photovoltaic performances of the SnO2:F/TiO2/dye/polymer/Pt devices using the thiophene-based copolymers as hole conducting materials were investigated using a solar simulator at AM1.5. These photovoltaic results were compared with SnO2:F/TiO2/dye/polymer/Pt devices using the thiophene-based homopolymer by the effects of the interface adsorption on their substituted groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We focused on the synthesis and optical properties of new organic–inorganic hybrid materials containing azobenzene groups for rewritable optical recording media. Hybrid material (SGUR19-n's) design has the structure of azobenzene group with urethane bonds in the silica network. The structures of the synthesized monomers and precursors were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectrophotometer. Also, we reported on the effects of the direction of the polarized beam, the intensity of the induced beam, and the structures of SGUR19-n's materials on the diffraction efficiency of SGUR19-n's films. It was revealed that SGUR19-n's films prepared by the sol–gel process have adequate writing–erasing–rewriting properties when used as a reversible optical storage material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4811–4818, 2006

As a part of our search for environmentally friendly solvents to extract the active components of medicinal plants, two sampling techniques, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO(2) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) were compared for their efficacy in the analysis of volatiles rhizome components emitted from the medicinal herbs Angelica gigas NAKAI (Korean danggui), Angelica sinensis (Chinese danggui), and Angelica acutiloba (Japanese danggui). A total of 54 compounds released from all of these varieties of Angelica rhizomes were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of supercritical extracts from these plants was very different from the solid-phase microextraction products. More compounds were detected by SPME-GC-MS (41) than by SFE-GC-MS (17). The results of these analyses suggest that SFE may be useful for detecting the main components, decursinol angelate and decursin in Korean danggui, and butylidene dihydro-phthalide in both Chinese and Japanese danggui, whereas the results for SPME did not. The SFE method required specialized instrumentation, required little time to prepare the sample, and had a small sample size and no organic solvent. In sum, these results suggest that SFE is useful for extracting the volatile main components of danggui cultivars. Its simplicity, low cost and speed may allow SPME to increase the recovery of volatile components in general without disturbing the main components of the plant.

We examine the exchange and the correlation effects for a quasi-two-dimensional InxGa1−xAs/InGaAsP QW systems with strain, considering the complexities related to the effect of valence-band mixing. The many-body effects due to exchange interaction and screening of Coulomb interaction are calculated within the random-phase approximation. The valence-band structure is obtained by solving the Luttinger–Kohn Hamiltonian to evaluate the valence-band mixing and the strain effects properly. The dependence of the many-body effects on strain and sheet carrier density is shown to become more important as the screening of the Coulomb interaction is included. Also, it is shown that the exchange and correlation energy becomes important as indium mole fraction and sheet carrier density increase. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Polymers containing azobenzene groups have the characteristic reaction of photo-induced cis–trans isomerism. The study of new materials for optical information storage has prompted making use of these photo-isomerizations. In this study, we report the syntheses and properties of four different polyurethanes (DR-PUns) containing azobenzene groups in the side-chains. The structurally similar polyurethanes (DR-PUns) were synthesized by the polycondensation reaction of Disperse Red 19 (DR 19) and four different diisocyanates in dimethylformamide. By introducing of DR 19 into the polymer, we obtained polymers containing a photochromic group in the side-chain. The weight-average molecular weights of the DR-PUns were in the range 5500–12 900. The Tgs of the DR-PUns range from 119.5 °C to 157.0 °C, depending on the structure of the diisocyanate. Optical properties and solubilities of the polyurethanes were compared. The diffraction efficiencies of films were measured as a function of the reaction time. Typically, the diffraction efficiencies of the DR-PU1 film prepared from toluene 2,4-diisocyanate were observed up to a level of 0.25%. For the DR-PU1 film, the effect of the intensity of the induced laser beam on the diffraction efficiency is also discussed. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

Residue analysis of dimethomorph in Swiss chard cultivated at two different locations under greenhouse conditions was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD) and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The randomly collected samples (over 14 days) were extracted with acetonitrile and purified using a Florisil solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Linearity over a concentration range of 0.05–50.0 mg/L had an excellent coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9996. Recovery rate ranged from 82.98 to 95.43% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 5.12%, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The initial deposits (zero day [2-h post-application]) were considerably lower (7.57 and 8.55 mg/kg for Sites 1 and 2, respectively) than the maximum residue limit (MRL = 30 mg/kg) set by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The dissipation half-life was approximately the same, being 5.0 and 5.1 days for Sites 1 and 2, respectively. Risk assessment estimated as acceptable daily intake (ADI%) revealed a value of 0.084 or 0.094% (zero day) and 0.014% (10-days post-application), for Sites 1 and 2, respectively. The values indicated that dimethomorph could be safely used on Swiss chard, with no hazardous effects expected for Korean consumers.

In this study, we synthesized poly(hydroxy)urethanes by the polyaddition reaction of bis(cyclic carbonate) and diamine. Bis(cyclic carbonate) was prepared from diglycidyl ether based on bisphenol S and carbon dioxide. Thermal properties and solubilities of the poly(hydroxy)urethanes of five different diamines were compared. The thermal properties of the poly(hydroxy)urethanes depended on the structure of the diamine as well as the structure of the monomer. These poly(hydroxy)urethanes were soluble only in aprotic solvents because of the hydrophilic character of the hydroxy group. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2735–2743, 2001

We have discussed the energy-gap reduction due to exchange interaction and Coulomb correlation for quasi-two-dimensional In x Ga 1-x As/InGaAsP quantum wells with variation of the well-width and the biaxial compressive strain as a function of the sheet density. The exchange-correlation self-energies have been calculated within the random-phase approximation, by solving a 4 x 4 Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian for the consideration of the valence-band nonparabolicity of the strained layer. We have found that the energy-gap reduction by the many-body effects grows with an increase of the uniaxial compressive strain and the quantum confinement effect. At sheet density of n s = 1 x 10 12 and 1 x 10 13 cm -2 , our calculations show that for biaxial compressive strains of 0.47 to 1.02% and for well-widths of 40 to 20 A the reduction ratios of the band-gap energy are about 3.9 to 4.6% and 3.1 to 4.26%, respectively.

This study was undertaken to quantify the residue levels and propose the dissipation kinetics of thiacloprid formulated as suspension concentrate (SC) in field-incurred Asian pears grown under two different open-field conditions. Samples were extracted with 20% distilled water in acetonitrile; partitioned with brine water and dichloromethane; and purified with a Florisil solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The analyte was identified with liquid chromatography (LC)-ultraviolet detector (UVD), and field-incurred samples were confirmed using LC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.05 - 5.0 mg/L with a satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9994). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery rate fortified to blank samples at LOQ, 10× LOQ, and the maximum residue limit (MRL) were between 73.7 and 86.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 9.0%. The residual concentrations at both sites were considerably lower than the MRL (0.7 mg/kg) set by the Korean Ministry of Food Drug Safety, with biological half-lives of 5.0 and 7.4 days, for site 1 and 2, respectively. From the pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL) curve, it was predicted that if the residues were

By utilizing the facile formation of an imine from an -aldehyde and an amine, we have discovered a new and highly -efficient Pd-catalyzed cycloreduction of enediynals leading to the corresponding 2-(2-methylenecycloalkyl)pyrroles in good to excellent yields.

Pd-catalyzed cycloreduction of enediyne 3 successfully afforded the linear triquinane skeleton 4. Total synthesis of (′)-ceratopicanol was accomplished using additional eight-step transformations starting from 4.