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Hsp70 proteins play important roles in protein folding in the budding yeast, but their functions in pathogenic fungi are largely unknown. Here, we found that Fusarium graminearum Hsp70 proteins FgSsb, FgSsz and their cochaperone FgZuo formed a complex. This complex was required for microtubule morphology, vacuole fusion and endocytosis. More importantly, the β2-tubulin FgTub2 and SNARE protein FgVam7 were identified as targeting proteins of this complex. We further found that the complex FgSsb-FgZuo-FgSsz controlled sensitivity of F. graminearum to the antimicrotubule drug carbendazim and cold stress via regulating the folding of FgTub2. Moreover, this complex assisted the folding of FgVam7, subsequently modulated vacuole fusion and responses to heavy metal, osmotic and oxidative stresses. In addition, the deletion of this complex led to dramatically decreased deoxynivalenol biosynthesis. This study uncovers a novel regulating mechanism of Hsp70 in multiple stress responses in a filamentous fungus.

Model heat-induced gels were prepared. Compared with the broiler myofibrillar protein (BMP), interactions between porcine plasma protein (PPP) and spent-hen myofibrillar protein (SHMP) were evaluated using rheology, textural analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gel hardness of SHMP was higher than that of BMP. PPP had the highest stickiness and immobilized water fraction of all the gels. The plasma and broiler myofibrillar mixed proteins had a storage modulus similar to that of BMP. After mixing SHMP or BMP with PPP, immobilized water fraction was increased by 5.59% or 50.57%, respectively, and the water-holding capacity (WHC) of the latter significantly increased. Addition of PPP transformed SHMP heat-induced gel to a uniform interconnected network. Introducing PPP can improve the WHC and microstructure of SHMP and BMP gels. Practical Applications Spent-hen meat is an underutilized raw material which could be used for mince or imitation products. However, there lies diversity on heat-induced gel properties among different researches. As incorporation of spent-hen breast surimi into analog food can bring worse quality, such as increases of cooking losses and decreases of water-holding capacity, it is the valuable trying to improve quality through protein interaction. This research could be useful to the modification of mince or imitation products with spent-hen meat, and to the manipulation of texture and water-holding capacity of meat products with plasma protein.

Complexes of divalent tin 7–12 with diethylenetriamines 1–3 and related ligands 4–6 were prepared from Lappert's stannylene, Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2, and the corresponding ligands. Reactivity of the stannylenes in insertion, oxidation and [1+4] cycloaddition reactions were studied. Composition and structures of the products were confirmed by elemental analyses and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 19F, and 119Sn) NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of the diethylenetriamines 1, 2, stannylenes 7, 8 and the product of the reaction of stannylene 8 with an azide, which contains an eight-membered (SnNPO)2 ring, were determined by X-ray diffraction study.

A series of novel, low-valent germanium compounds 2a–2j based on four diethylenetriamines 1a–1d, (methyl)bis(pyrrol-2-ylmethyl)amine (1e), N,N′-(sulfanediyldibenzene-2,1-diyl)bis(pentafluoroaniline) (1f), N,N′-(oxydibenzene-2,1-diyl)bis(pentafluoroaniline) (1g), and (pentafluorophenyl)amines 1i and 1j have been obtained either by the reaction of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 with various diamines (1a–1e) or by the metathesis reaction of [GeCl2·dioxane] with lithium amides. The oxidative insertion (with halogenation reagents, MeI, disulfides), [1+4] cycloaddition, and oxidation reactions of the synthesized germylenes were investigated. The compositions and structures of the novel compounds were established by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (germylenes 2b, 2i, 2j, Ge4+ compounds 5b, 7a, 7b, 8, 10, 11). All the synthesized germylenes are monomeric.

A catalytic system comprised of a bis(alkoxo)palladium complex and Xantphos is tested in the heteroarylation of 2-methylthiophene (I) and heteroarenes (VI).

For the first time, MIDA boronates (II) are used in C—H arylation reactions of heterocycles.

A novel approach for the preparation of potentially biologically attractive 3-acyl-4-arylcoumarins using readily prepared aryl alkynoates and simple aldehydes as starting materials is developed.

The silver-catalyzed radical reaction of phosphonate (II) with symmetrical α,α-diaryl allylic alcohols (I) is accompanied by a 1,2-migration of an aryl group to afford β-aryl-γ-ketophosphonates (III).

A number of aryl-phenyl, hetaryl-phenyl and hetaryl-hetaryl cross-coupling products is obtained using two different tolyliminoethylferrocene-derived palladacycle catalyst-solvent systems (PFP-EtOH/H2O preferentially for bromides and PFD/XPhos-H2O preferentially for chlorides).

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of target compounds bearing different substitution patterns.

An efficient and regioselective phosphine-free arylation of thiophenes, benzothiophene, benzofuran and pyrrole derivatives is presented.

A novel Pd(II)-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction between coumarins and H-phosphonates has been developed to give the corresponding 3-phosphonated products in moderate to good yields with high selectivity.

A bis(N,N-diethanolamine)palladium complex is successfully used as catalyst for the oxidative Heck reaction between a variety of alkenes and arylboronic acids.

A new palladium(II) complex based on N,N-dimethylethanolamine, (SP-4-1′)-bis[N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy-kN,O]palladium(II) which coordinates with two moles of AcOH, has been synthesized. The structure of the complex has been established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Using this complex as a catalyst, a series of conjugated enynes were successfully synthesized by Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the absence of co-catalyst CuX and any ligand at room temperature during 20 hours affording the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields. The optimized catalytic systems are tolerant in the presence of a broad variety of functional groups in the substrates. The catalytic system was found to be ineffective for vinyl chloride. Moreover, it was found that (Z)-β-bromostyrene reacts with terminal alkynes with retention of the steric configuration and the transformation of most of the Z-isomer did not occur in this reaction.

A series of E-enynes is successfully synthesized by modified Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction.