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Abstract Rapid metabolism differentiates cancer cells from normal cells and relies on anaplerotic pathways. However, the mechanisms of anaplerosis‐associated enzymes are rarely understood. The lack of potent and selective antimetabolism drugs restrains further clinical investigations. A small molecule ZY‐444 ((N4‐((5‐(4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl)‐2‐thiophenyl)methyl)‐N2‐isobutyl‐2,4‐pyrimidinediamine) is discovered to inhibit cancer cell proliferation specifically, having potent efficacies against tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. ZY‐444 binds to cellular pyruvate carboxylase (PC), a key anaplerotic enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and inactivates its catalytic activity. PC inhibition suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis through inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin/Snail signaling pathway. Lower PC expression in patient tumors is correlated with significant survival benefits. Comparative profiles of PC expression in cancer versus normal tissues implicate the tumor selectivity of ZY‐444. Overall, ZY‐444 holds promise therapeutically as an anti‐cancer metabolism agent.

This paper studies the control of a class of 3D chaotic systems with uncertain parameters and external disturbances. A new method which is referred as the analytical solution approach is firstly proposed for constructing Lyapunov function. Then, for suppressing the trajectories of the 3D chaotic system to its equilibrium point 00,0,0, a novel fast convergence controller containing parameter λ which determines the convergence rate of the system is presented. By using the designed Lyapunov function, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved via the Lyapunov stability theorem. Computer simulations are employed to a new chaotic system to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

This article is concerned with the exponential synchronization of a class of the chaotic systems with external disturbance via the saturation control. Through appropriate coordinate transformation, the exponential synchronization is translated into the asymptotic stability of the error system. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, a novel sufficient condition which possesses the exponential convergence rate λ is presented. The rich choices of the exponential convergence rate λ turn our scheme more general than some existing approaches. Numerical simulations are employed to the Genesio chaotic system and the Coullet chaotic system to illustrate the ability and effectiveness of the presented approach.