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Objective: Altered expression and/or function, both peripherally and centrally, of various neuropeptides is involved in the neurophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). Diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) is an interesting peptide for understanding this crosstalk. The aim of this work was to assess fasting plasma levels of DBI and leptin in patients with AN. Method: Twenty-four AN adolescents were recruited together with 10 agecomparable healthy controls. Neuropeptide determinations were performed on plasma samples by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Patients with AN were further characterized for the presence of a depressive state or anxiety by using, respectively, the Children’s Depression Inventory or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. Results: Levels of both plasma DBI and leptin were reduced in patients with AN (40 and 70%, respectively). DBI levels displayed a tendency to increase in the presence of a depressive state, although not with anxiety, whereas leptin levels correlated exclusively with body mass index. Discussion: These data further extend our knowledge of neuropeptide dysfunction in AN, and plasma DBI may represent a marker for this disease, in particular considering its correlation with comorbid mood disorders.