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3. Leaf litter identity rather than diversity shapes microbial functions and microarthropod abundance in tropical montane rainforests

Author

Sánchez‐Galindo, Laura M., Sandmann, Dorothee, Marian, Franca, Krashevska, Valentyna, Maraun, Mark, and Scheu, Stefan

Subjects
decomposition, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Collembola, litter quality, lcsh:Ecology, microorganisms, Acari, metabolic quotient, Original Research, litterbags
Abstract

In tropical forest ecosystems leaf litter from a large variety of species enters the decomposer system, however, the impact of leaf litter diversity on the abundance and activity of soil organisms during decomposition is little known. We investigated the effect of leaf litter diversity and identity on microbial functions and the abundance of microarthropods in Ecuadorian tropical montane rainforests. We used litterbags filled with leaves of six native tree species (Cecropia andina, Dictyocaryum lamarckianum, Myrcia pubescens, Cavendishia zamorensis, Graffenrieda emarginata, and Clusia spp.) and incubated monocultures and all possible two‐ and four‐species combinations in the field for 6 and 12 months. Mass loss, microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and the slope of microbial growth after glucose addition, as well as the abundance of microarthropods (Acari and Collembola), were measured at both sampling dates. Leaf litter diversity significantly increased mass loss after 6 months of exposure, but reduced microbial biomass after 12 months of exposure. Leaf litter species identity significantly changed both microbial activity and microarthropod abundance with species of high quality (low C‐to‐N ratio), such as C. andina, improving resource quality as indicated by lower metabolic quotient and higher abundance of microarthropods. Nonetheless, species of low quality, such as Clusia spp., also increased the abundance of Oribatida suggesting that leaf litter chemical composition alone is insufficient to explain variation in the abundances of soil microarthropods. Overall, the results provide evidence that decomposition and microbial biomass in litter respond to leaf litter diversity as well as litter identity (chemical and physical characteristics), while microarthropods respond only to litter identity but not litter diversity., Leaf litter identity functions as a major driver of the abundance and activity of soil organisms in tropical montane rainforests.

Published
2021

4. “Jack‐of‐all‐trades” is parthenogenetic

Author

Maraun, Mark, primary, Bischof, Paul S. P., additional, Klemp, Finn L., additional, Pollack, Jule, additional, Raab, Linnea, additional, Schmerbach, Jan, additional, Schaefer, Ina, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, and Caruso, Tancredi, additional

Published
2022
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6. Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

Author

Potapov, Anton M., primary, Beaulieu, Frédéric, additional, Birkhofer, Klaus, additional, Bluhm, Sarah L., additional, Degtyarev, Maxim I., additional, Devetter, Miloslav, additional, Goncharov, Anton A., additional, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., additional, Klarner, Bernhard, additional, Korobushkin, Daniil I., additional, Liebke, Dana F., additional, Maraun, Mark, additional, Mc Donnell, Rory J., additional, Pollierer, Melanie M., additional, Schaefer, Ina, additional, Shrubovych, Julia, additional, Semenyuk, Irina I., additional, Sendra, Alberto, additional, Tuma, Jiri, additional, Tůmová, Michala, additional, Vassilieva, Anna B., additional, Chen, Ting‐Wen, additional, Geisen, Stefan, additional, Schmidt, Olaf, additional, Tiunov, Alexei V., additional, and Scheu, Stefan, additional

Published
2022
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7. Parthenogenetic vs. sexual reproduction in oribatid mite communities

Author

Maraun, Mark, Caruso, Tancredi, Hense, Jonathan, Lehmitz, Ricarda, Mumladze, Levan, Murvanidze, Maka, Nae, Ioana, Schulz, Julia, Seniczak, Anna, and Scheu, Stefan

Subjects
Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], sexual reproduction, Structured Resource Theory of Sex, Samfunnsøkologi / Community ecology, thelytoky, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], oribatid mites, Red Queen, Tangled Bank, thelytoky, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Tangled Bank, lcsh:Ecology, Original Research
Abstract

The dominance of sex in Metazoa is enigmatic. Sexual species allocate resources to the production of males, while potentially facing negative effects such as the loss of well-adapted genotypes due to recombination, and exposure to diseases and predators during mating. Two major hypotheses have been put forward to explain the advantages of parthenogenetic versus sexual reproduction in animals, that is, the Red Queen hypothesis and the Tangled Bank/Structured Resource Theory of Sex. The Red Queen hypothesis assumes that antagonistic predator-prey/ parasite-host interactions favor sex. The Structured Resource Theory of Sex predicts sexual reproduction to be favored if resources are in short supply and aggregated in space. In soil, a remarkable number of invertebrates reproduce by parthenogenesis, and this pattern is most pronounced in oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari). Oribatid mites are abundant in virtually any soil across very different habitats, and include many sexual and parthenogenetic (thelytokous) species. Thereby, they represent an ideal model group to investigate the role of sexual versus parthenogenetic reproduction across different ecosystems and habitats. Here, we compiled data on oribatid mite communities from different ecosystems and habitats across biomes, including tropical rainforests, temperate forests, grasslands, arable fields, salt marshes, bogs, caves, and deadwood. Based on the compiled dataset, we analyzed if the percentage of parthenogenetic species and the percentage of individuals of parthenogenetic species are related to total oribatid mite density, species number, and other potential driving factors of the reproductive mode including altitude and latitude. We then interpret the results in support of either the Red Queen hypothesis or the Structured Resource Theory of Sex. Overall, the data showed that low density of oribatid mites due to harsh environmental conditions is associated with high frequency of parthenogenesis supporting predictions of the Structured Resource Theory of Sex rather than the Red Queen hypothesis. Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2019 peerReviewed

Published
2019

11. LiDAR-derived canopy structure supports the more-individuals hypothesis for arthropod diversity in temperate forests

Author

Müller, Jörg, primary, Brandl, Roland, additional, Brändle, Martin, additional, Förster, Bernhard, additional, de Araujo, Bruno Cancian, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Ladas, Alexander, additional, Wagner, Martin, additional, Maraun, Mark, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Schmidt, Stefan, additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Thorn, Simon, additional, and Seibold, Sebastian, additional

Published
2018
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13. Land‐use type and intensity differentially filter traits in above‐ and below‐ground arthropod communities

Author

Birkhofer, Klaus, primary, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Drees, Claudia, additional, Ferlian, Olga, additional, Maraun, Mark, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Wurst, Susanne, additional, Zaitsev, Andrey S., additional, and Smith, Henrik G., additional

Published
2017
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17. Lack of energetic equivalence in forest soil invertebrates

Author

Ehnes, Roswitha B., primary, Pollierer, Melanie M., additional, Erdmann, Georgia, additional, Klarner, Bernhard, additional, Eitzinger, Bernhard, additional, Digel, Christoph, additional, Ott, David, additional, Maraun, Mark, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, and Brose, Ulrich, additional

Published
2014
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