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2. Characterization of discordance between mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability testing may prevent inappropriate treatment with immunotherapy

Author

Geurts, Birgit S, primary, Zeverijn, Laurien J, additional, van Berge Henegouwen, Jade M, additional, van der Wijngaart, Hanneke, additional, Hoes, Louisa R, additional, de Wit, Gijs F, additional, Spiekman, Ilse AC, additional, Battaglia, Thomas W, additional, van Beek, Daphne M, additional, Roepman, Paul, additional, Jansen, Anne ML, additional, de Leng, Wendy WJ, additional, Broeks, Annegien, additional, Labots, Mariette, additional, van Herpen, Carla ML, additional, Gelderblom, Hans, additional, Verheul, Henk MW, additional, Snaebjornsson, Petur, additional, and Voest, Emile E, additional

Published
2024
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6. Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue

Author

Jackson, HA, Percival-Alwyn, L, Ryan, C, Albeshr, MF, Venturi, L, Morales, HE, Mathers, TC, Cocker, J, Speak, SA, Accinelli, GG, Barker, T, Heavens, D, Willman, F, Dawson, D, Ward, L, Tatayah, V, Zuël, N, Young, R, Concannon, L, Whitford, H, Clavijo, B, Bunbury, N, Tyler, KM, Ruhomaun, K, Grace, MK, Bruford, MW, Jones, CG, Tollington, S, Bell, DJ, Groombridge, JJ, Clark, M, and Van Oosterhout, C

Subjects
Birds, Europe, Population Density, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecology, Endangered Species, H1, Animals, Genetic Variation, Genomics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

The pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive-bred individuals were released into free-living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400-480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993-2008) with restriction site-associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free-living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive-bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations.La paloma rosada (Nesoenas mayeri) es una especie endémica de Mauricio que se ha recuperado impresionantemente después de un grave cuello de botella poblacional a principios de la década de 1970 que duró hasta inicios de la década de 1990. Antes de este cuello de botella se había establecido una población ex situ de la cual se liberaban individuos reproducidos en cautiverio a las subpoblaciones en libertad para incrementar la variación genética y el tamaño poblacional. Este rescate de conservación derivó en una recuperación rápida de la población (400-480 individuos) y la especie cambió positivamente de categoría dos veces en la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Analizamos los impactos del cuello de botella y el rescate genético sobre la variación genética neutral durante y después de la recuperación poblacional (de 1993 a 2008) mediante secuenciación RAD, análisis de microsatélites y análisis genéticos cuantitativos de los datos del libro genealógico de 1112 aves ubicadas en zoológicos de Europa y los Estados Unidos. Usamos simulaciones por computadora para estudiar los cambios pronosticados en la variación genética y en la viabilidad poblacional del pasado hacia el futuro. La variación genética declinó rápidamente, a pesar de la recuperación poblacional, y el tamaño efectivo de la población fue aproximadamente un orden de magnitud más pequeño que el tamaño del censo. La especie contó con una carga genética elevada de casi 15 equivalentes letales para la longevidad. Nuestras simulaciones pronostican que la endogamia continua probablemente resultará en un incremento en la expresión de mutaciones deletéreas (es decir, una carga realizada elevada) y en una depresión endogámica severa. Sin acciones continuas para la conservación, es probable que la paloma rosada esté extinta en vida libre dentro de cien años. El rescate de conservación de la paloma rosada ha sido fundamental en la recuperación de la población silvestre; sin embargo, se requiere de un rescate genético adicional con las aves de reproducción en cautiverio de los zoológicos para recuperar la variación perdida, reducir la expresión de la variación deletérea dañina y prevenir la extinción. El uso de la genómica y los datos modelados puede orientar las valoraciones de la UICN sobre la viabilidad y el riesgo de extinción de las especies, además de que ayuda en la evaluación de la dependencia que tienen las poblaciones de la conservación.

Published
2023

7. Mechanistic forecasts of species responses to climate change: The promise of biophysical ecology

Author

Briscoe, NJ, Morris, SD, Mathewson, PD, Buckley, LB, Jusup, M, Levy, O, Maclean, IMD, Pincebourde, S, Riddell, EA, Roberts, JA, Schouten, R, Sears, MW, Kearney, MR, Briscoe, NJ, Morris, SD, Mathewson, PD, Buckley, LB, Jusup, M, Levy, O, Maclean, IMD, Pincebourde, S, Riddell, EA, Roberts, JA, Schouten, R, Sears, MW, and Kearney, MR

Abstract

A core challenge in global change biology is to predict how species will respond to future environmental change and to manage these responses. To make such predictions and management actions robust to novel futures, we need to accurately characterize how organisms experience their environments and the biological mechanisms by which they respond. All organisms are thermodynamically connected to their environments through the exchange of heat and water at fine spatial and temporal scales and this exchange can be captured with biophysical models. Although mechanistic models based on biophysical ecology have a long history of development and application, their use in global change biology remains limited despite their enormous promise and increasingly accessible software. We contend that greater understanding and training in the theory and methods of biophysical ecology is vital to expand their application. Our review shows how biophysical models can be implemented to understand and predict climate change impacts on species' behavior, phenology, survival, distribution, and abundance. It also illustrates the types of outputs that can be generated, and the data inputs required for different implementations. Examples range from simple calculations of body temperature at a particular site and time, to more complex analyses of species' distribution limits based on projected energy and water balances, accounting for behavior and phenology. We outline challenges that currently limit the widespread application of biophysical models relating to data availability, training, and the lack of common software ecosystems. We also discuss progress and future developments that could allow these models to be applied to many species across large spatial extents and timeframes. Finally, we highlight how biophysical models are uniquely suited to solve global change biology problems that involve predicting and interpreting responses to environmental variability and extremes, multiple or shif

Published
2023

8. CCNE1 and survival of patients with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: An Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium study

Author

Kang, E-Y, Weir, A, Meagher, NS, Farrington, K, Nelson, GS, Ghatage, P, Lee, C-H, Riggan, MJ, Bolithon, A, Popovic, G, Leung, B, Tang, K, Lambie, N, Millstein, J, Alsop, J, Anglesio, MS, Ataseven, B, Barlow, E, Beckmann, MW, Berger, J, Bisinotto, C, Boesmueller, H, Boros, J, Brand, AH, Brooks-Wilson, A, Brucker, SY, Carney, ME, Casablanca, Y, Cazorla-Jimenez, A, Cohen, PA, Conrads, TP, Cook, LS, Coulson, P, Courtney-Brooks, M, Cramer, DW, Crowe, P, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Darcy, KM, El-Bahrawy, MA, Elishaev, E, Erber, R, Farrell, R, Fereday, S, Fischer, A, Garcia, MJ, Gayther, SA, Gentry-Maharaj, A, Gilks, CB, Grube, M, Harnett, PR, Harrington, SP, Harter, P, Hartmann, A, Hecht, JL, Heikaus, S, Hein, A, Heitz, F, Hendley, J, Hernandez, BY, Hernando Polo, S, Heublein, S, Hirasawa, A, Hogdall, E, Hogdall, CK, Horlings, HM, Huntsman, DG, Huzarski, T, Jewell, A, Jimenez-Linan, M, Jones, ME, Kaufmann, SH, Kennedy, CJ, Khabele, D, Kommoss, FKF, Kruitwagen, RFPM, Lambrechts, D, Le, ND, Lener, M, Lester, J, Leung, Y, Linder, A, Loverix, L, Lubinski, J, Madan, R, Maxwell, GL, Modugno, F, Neuhausen, SL, Olawaiye, A, Olbrecht, S, Orsulic, S, Palacios, J, Pearce, CL, Pike, MC, Quinn, CM, Mohan, GR, Rodriguez-Antona, C, Ruebner, M, Ryan, A, Salfinger, SG, Sasamoto, N, Schildkraut, JM, Schoemaker, MJ, Shah, M, Sharma, R, Shvetsov, YB, Singh, N, Sonke, GS, Steele, L, Stewart, CJR, Sundfeldt, K, Swerdlow, AJ, Talhouk, A, Tan, A, Taylor, SE, Terry, KL, Toloczko, A, Traficante, N, Van de Vijver, KK, van der Aa, MA, Van Gorp, T, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Van-Wagensveld, L, Vergote, I, Vierkant, RA, Wang, C, Wilkens, LR, Winham, SJ, Wu, AH, Benitez, J, Berchuck, A, Candido Dos Reis, FJ, DeFazio, A, Fasching, PA, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Gronwald, J, Karlan, BY, Kommoss, S, Menon, U, Sinn, H-P, Staebler, A, Brenton, JD, Bowtell, DD, Pharoah, PDP, Ramus, SJ, Kobel, M, Kang, E-Y, Weir, A, Meagher, NS, Farrington, K, Nelson, GS, Ghatage, P, Lee, C-H, Riggan, MJ, Bolithon, A, Popovic, G, Leung, B, Tang, K, Lambie, N, Millstein, J, Alsop, J, Anglesio, MS, Ataseven, B, Barlow, E, Beckmann, MW, Berger, J, Bisinotto, C, Boesmueller, H, Boros, J, Brand, AH, Brooks-Wilson, A, Brucker, SY, Carney, ME, Casablanca, Y, Cazorla-Jimenez, A, Cohen, PA, Conrads, TP, Cook, LS, Coulson, P, Courtney-Brooks, M, Cramer, DW, Crowe, P, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Darcy, KM, El-Bahrawy, MA, Elishaev, E, Erber, R, Farrell, R, Fereday, S, Fischer, A, Garcia, MJ, Gayther, SA, Gentry-Maharaj, A, Gilks, CB, Grube, M, Harnett, PR, Harrington, SP, Harter, P, Hartmann, A, Hecht, JL, Heikaus, S, Hein, A, Heitz, F, Hendley, J, Hernandez, BY, Hernando Polo, S, Heublein, S, Hirasawa, A, Hogdall, E, Hogdall, CK, Horlings, HM, Huntsman, DG, Huzarski, T, Jewell, A, Jimenez-Linan, M, Jones, ME, Kaufmann, SH, Kennedy, CJ, Khabele, D, Kommoss, FKF, Kruitwagen, RFPM, Lambrechts, D, Le, ND, Lener, M, Lester, J, Leung, Y, Linder, A, Loverix, L, Lubinski, J, Madan, R, Maxwell, GL, Modugno, F, Neuhausen, SL, Olawaiye, A, Olbrecht, S, Orsulic, S, Palacios, J, Pearce, CL, Pike, MC, Quinn, CM, Mohan, GR, Rodriguez-Antona, C, Ruebner, M, Ryan, A, Salfinger, SG, Sasamoto, N, Schildkraut, JM, Schoemaker, MJ, Shah, M, Sharma, R, Shvetsov, YB, Singh, N, Sonke, GS, Steele, L, Stewart, CJR, Sundfeldt, K, Swerdlow, AJ, Talhouk, A, Tan, A, Taylor, SE, Terry, KL, Toloczko, A, Traficante, N, Van de Vijver, KK, van der Aa, MA, Van Gorp, T, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Van-Wagensveld, L, Vergote, I, Vierkant, RA, Wang, C, Wilkens, LR, Winham, SJ, Wu, AH, Benitez, J, Berchuck, A, Candido Dos Reis, FJ, DeFazio, A, Fasching, PA, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Gronwald, J, Karlan, BY, Kommoss, S, Menon, U, Sinn, H-P, Staebler, A, Brenton, JD, Bowtell, DD, Pharoah, PDP, Ramus, SJ, and Kobel, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) is a potential predictive marker and therapeutic target in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Smaller studies have revealed unfavorable associations for CCNE1 amplification and CCNE1 overexpression with survival, but to date no large-scale, histotype-specific validation has been performed. The hypothesis was that high-level amplification of CCNE1 and CCNE1 overexpression, as well as a combination of the two, are linked to shorter overall survival in HGSC. METHODS: Within the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium, amplification status and protein level in 3029 HGSC cases and mRNA expression in 2419 samples were investigated. RESULTS: High-level amplification (>8 copies by chromogenic in situ hybridization) was found in 8.6% of HGSC and overexpression (>60% with at least 5% demonstrating strong intensity by immunohistochemistry) was found in 22.4%. CCNE1 high-level amplification and overexpression both were linked to shorter overall survival in multivariate survival analysis adjusted for age and stage, with hazard stratification by study (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47, p = .034, and HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32, p = .015, respectively). This was also true for cases with combined high-level amplification/overexpression (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.47, p = .033). CCNE1 mRNA expression was not associated with overall survival (HR, 1.00 per 1-SD increase; 95% CI, 0.94-1.06; p = .58). CCNE1 high-level amplification is mutually exclusive with the presence of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and shows an inverse association to RB1 loss. CONCLUSION: This study provides large-scale validation that CCNE1 high-level amplification is associated with shorter survival, supporting its utility as a prognostic biomarker in HGSC.

Published
2023

9. Mesopredator release among invasive predators: Controlling red foxes can increase feral cat density and alter their behaviour

Author

Rees, MW, Pascoe, JH, Le Pla, M, Robley, A, Birnbaum, EK, Wintle, BA, Hradsky, BA, Rees, MW, Pascoe, JH, Le Pla, M, Robley, A, Birnbaum, EK, Wintle, BA, and Hradsky, BA

Abstract

1. The mesopredator release theory predicts that the density of subordinate predators will increase as dominant predators decline. Persistent debate around mesopredator release in part reflects the lack of robust, replicated experiments that test this theory, and the use of population indices that confound changes in mesopredator density and detectability. This uncertainty has immediate impacts for conservationists who are faced with managing sympatric invasive predators. 2. We used replicated experimental designs and spatially explicit models to examine whether mesopredator release of the feral cat Felis catus occurs in response to targeted control of the introduced red fox Vulpes vulpes. We surveyed three Control‐Impact paired landscapes in a region with long‐term fox control (1080 poison baiting) and conducted a Before‐After Control‐Impact Paired‐Series experiment in another region. We used fox occurrence as a simple metric of fox populations and estimated feral cat density with spatial mark–resight models. 3. Lethal fox control had varying effects on fox occurrence, consistent with variation in the duration and intensity of poison baiting. Correspondingly, responses in feral cat density ranged from negligible to a 3.7‐fold higher density in fox‐baited landscapes. At a fine spatial scale (200 m2), feral cat density was negatively associated with fox occurrence probability across both regions. These results were consistent with mesopredator release, although uncertainty was high in the region where fox control had only recently commenced. 4. Feral cat detectability also varied across the (artificially manipulated) gradients of fox occurrence probability. In one region, nonlinear models indicated that feral cats had lower detection and increased movement rates when foxes were uncommon, giving way to density suppression at high fox occurrence probabilities. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides replicated, experimental evidence that dominant pre

Published
2023

10. p53 and ovarian carcinoma survival: an Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium study

Author

Kobel, M, Kang, E-Y, Weir, A, Rambau, PF, Lee, C-H, Nelson, GS, Ghatage, P, Meagher, NS, Riggan, MJ, Alsop, J, Anglesio, MS, Beckmann, MW, Bisinotto, C, Boisen, M, Boros, J, Brand, AH, Brooks-Wilson, A, Carney, ME, Coulson, P, Courtney-Brooks, M, Cushing-Haugen, KL, Cybulski, C, Deen, S, El-Bahrawy, MA, Elishaev, E, Erber, R, Fereday, S, Fischer, A, Gayther, SA, Barquin-Garcia, A, Gentry-Maharaj, A, Gilks, CB, Gronwald, H, Grube, M, Harnett, PR, Harris, HR, Hartkopf, AD, Hartmann, A, Hein, A, Hendley, J, Hernandez, BY, Huang, Y, Jakubowska, A, Jimenez-Linan, M, Jones, ME, Kennedy, CJ, Kluz, T, Koziak, JM, Lesnock, J, Lester, J, Lubinski, J, Longacre, TA, Lycke, M, Mateoiu, C, McCauley, BM, McGuire, V, Ney, B, Olawaiye, A, Orsulic, S, Osorio, A, Paz-Ares, L, Ramon Y Cajal, T, Rothstein, JH, Ruebner, M, Schoemaker, MJ, Shah, M, Sharma, R, Sherman, ME, Shvetsov, YB, Singh, N, Steed, H, Storr, SJ, Talhouk, A, Traficante, N, Wang, C, Whittemore, AS, Widschwendter, M, Wilkens, LR, Winham, SJ, Benitez, J, Berchuck, A, Bowtell, DD, Candido dos Reis, FJ, Campbell, I, Cook, LS, DeFazio, A, Doherty, JA, Fasching, PA, Fortner, RT, Garcia, MJ, Goodman, MT, Goode, EL, Gronwald, J, Huntsman, DG, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kommoss, S, Le, ND, Martin, SG, Menon, U, Modugno, F, Pharoah, PDP, Schildkraut, JM, Sieh, W, Staebler, A, Sundfeldt, K, Swerdlow, AJ, Ramus, SJ, Brenton, JD, Kobel, M, Kang, E-Y, Weir, A, Rambau, PF, Lee, C-H, Nelson, GS, Ghatage, P, Meagher, NS, Riggan, MJ, Alsop, J, Anglesio, MS, Beckmann, MW, Bisinotto, C, Boisen, M, Boros, J, Brand, AH, Brooks-Wilson, A, Carney, ME, Coulson, P, Courtney-Brooks, M, Cushing-Haugen, KL, Cybulski, C, Deen, S, El-Bahrawy, MA, Elishaev, E, Erber, R, Fereday, S, Fischer, A, Gayther, SA, Barquin-Garcia, A, Gentry-Maharaj, A, Gilks, CB, Gronwald, H, Grube, M, Harnett, PR, Harris, HR, Hartkopf, AD, Hartmann, A, Hein, A, Hendley, J, Hernandez, BY, Huang, Y, Jakubowska, A, Jimenez-Linan, M, Jones, ME, Kennedy, CJ, Kluz, T, Koziak, JM, Lesnock, J, Lester, J, Lubinski, J, Longacre, TA, Lycke, M, Mateoiu, C, McCauley, BM, McGuire, V, Ney, B, Olawaiye, A, Orsulic, S, Osorio, A, Paz-Ares, L, Ramon Y Cajal, T, Rothstein, JH, Ruebner, M, Schoemaker, MJ, Shah, M, Sharma, R, Sherman, ME, Shvetsov, YB, Singh, N, Steed, H, Storr, SJ, Talhouk, A, Traficante, N, Wang, C, Whittemore, AS, Widschwendter, M, Wilkens, LR, Winham, SJ, Benitez, J, Berchuck, A, Bowtell, DD, Candido dos Reis, FJ, Campbell, I, Cook, LS, DeFazio, A, Doherty, JA, Fasching, PA, Fortner, RT, Garcia, MJ, Goodman, MT, Goode, EL, Gronwald, J, Huntsman, DG, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kommoss, S, Le, ND, Martin, SG, Menon, U, Modugno, F, Pharoah, PDP, Schildkraut, JM, Sieh, W, Staebler, A, Sundfeldt, K, Swerdlow, AJ, Ramus, SJ, and Brenton, JD

Abstract

Our objective was to test whether p53 expression status is associated with survival for women diagnosed with the most common ovarian carcinoma histotypes (high-grade serous carcinoma [HGSC], endometrioid carcinoma [EC], and clear cell carcinoma [CCC]) using a large multi-institutional cohort from the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis (OTTA) consortium. p53 expression was assessed on 6,678 cases represented on tissue microarrays from 25 participating OTTA study sites using a previously validated immunohistochemical (IHC) assay as a surrogate for the presence and functional effect of TP53 mutations. Three abnormal expression patterns (overexpression, complete absence, and cytoplasmic) and the normal (wild type) pattern were recorded. Survival analyses were performed by histotype. The frequency of abnormal p53 expression was 93.4% (4,630/4,957) in HGSC compared to 11.9% (116/973) in EC and 11.5% (86/748) in CCC. In HGSC, there were no differences in overall survival across the abnormal p53 expression patterns. However, in EC and CCC, abnormal p53 expression was associated with an increased risk of death for women diagnosed with EC in multivariate analysis compared to normal p53 as the reference (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-3.47, p = 0.0011) and with CCC (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.11-2.22, p = 0.012). Abnormal p53 was also associated with shorter overall survival in The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I/II EC and CCC. Our study provides further evidence that functional groups of TP53 mutations assessed by abnormal surrogate p53 IHC patterns are not associated with survival in HGSC. In contrast, we validate that abnormal p53 IHC is a strong independent prognostic marker for EC and demonstrate for the first time an independent prognostic association of abnormal p53 IHC with overall survival in patients with CCC.

Published
2023

11. Cooling glaciers in a warming climate since the Little Ice Age at Qaanaaq, northwest Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)

Author

Carrivick, JL, Smith, MW, Sutherland, JL, Grimes, M, Carrivick, JL, Smith, MW, Sutherland, JL, and Grimes, M

Abstract

The centennial response of land-terminating glaciers in Greenland to climate change is largely unknown. Yet, such information is important to understand ongoing changes and for projecting the future evolution of Arctic subpolar glaciers, meltwater runoff, and sediment fluxes. This paper analyses the topography, geomorphology, and sedimentology of prominent moraine ridges and the proglacial areas of ice cap outlet glaciers on the Qaanaaq peninsula (Piulip Nunaa). We determine geometric changes of glaciers since the neoglacial maximum; the Little Ice Age (LIA), and we compare glacier behaviour during the LIA with that of the present day. There has been very little change in the rate of volume loss of each outlet glacier since the LIA compared with the rate between 2000 and 2019. However, the percentage of each glacier that is likely composed of cold-based ice has increased since the LIA, typically by 20%. The LIA moraines comprise subrounded, striated, and faceted clasts that evidence subglacial transport, and outwash plains, flutes, kames, and eskers that evidence subglacial motion and meltwater within temperate ice. Contrastingly, contemporary ice margins and their convex ice surfaces comprise pronounced primary foliation, ephemeral supraglacial drainage, sediment drapes from thrust plane fractures, and an absence of open crevasses and moulins. These calculations and observations together lead us to interpret that these outlet glaciers have transitioned towards an increasingly cold-based thermal regime despite a warming regional climate. Thermal regime transitions control glacier dynamics and therefore should be incorporated into glacier evolution models, especially where polythermal glaciers prevail and where climate is changing rapidly.

Published
2023

12. Population connectivity across east Australia's bioregions and larval duration of the range-extending sea star Meridiastra calcar

Author

Klanten, OS, Gall, M, Barbosa, SS, Hart, MW, Keever, CC, Puritz, JB, Harantio, J, Toonen, RJ, Selvakumaraswamy, P, Grosberg, RK, Byrne, M, Klanten, OS, Gall, M, Barbosa, SS, Hart, MW, Keever, CC, Puritz, JB, Harantio, J, Toonen, RJ, Selvakumaraswamy, P, Grosberg, RK, and Byrne, M

Abstract

The diversity and distribution of marine species in eastern Australia is influenced by one of the world's strongest western boundary currents, the East Australia Current, which propels water and propagules poleward, a flow intensifying due to climate change. Population genetic structure of the asterinid sea star Meridiastra calcar was investigated across its range in eastern Australia (12° of latitude, 2,500 km) from northern New South Wales to its poleward-extending range in Tasmania at the southern edge influence of the East Australia Current. Population structure and connectivity of M. calcar were examined across six bioregions using six microsatellite loci (nuclear DNA) and the control region (mitochondrial DNA). The potential influence of the extent of M. calcar's intertidal rock platform habitat was also assessed. Genetic structure analysis indicated that the Hawkesbury Shelf contained distinct genetic clusters, whereas the two sites in the Batemans Shelf differed from each other, with Jervis Bay Marine Park having just one genetic cluster. The Manning Shelf, Twofold Shelf, and Bruny bioregions all had similar genetic composition. Strong self-seeding (68–98%) was indicated by microsatellite loci for all bioregions, with lower (0.3–6.5%) migration between bioregions. Poleward (New South Wales to Tasmania) migration was low except from the Manning Shelf (30%). Contemporary population connectivity and genetic structure of M. calcar appear to be influenced by ocean currents, habitat distribution, and its short planktonic larval duration, which was a minimum of 12–14 days, depending on availability of a settlement cue. The dominance of unique genetic groups in the Hawkesbury bioregion shows the importance of this region for M. calcar and possibly a diversity of co-distributed rock platform species. This highlights how important it is to have a large marine park in the Hawkesbury bioregion, which is presently lacking.

Published
2023

14. Expression of the miR‐17~92a cluster of microRNAs by regulatory T cells controls blood glucose homeostasis

Author

Yangnan Zhang, Jarrod P Skinner, and Mark MW Chong

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Mice, MicroRNAs, Immunology, Animals, Homeostasis, Immunology and Allergy, Female, Cell Biology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized immune cell type that play important roles in regulating immune responses. However, those found in adipose tissue, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT), have also been shown to exert metabolic regulatory functions. This study investigated the requirement of the miR-17~92a cluster of microRNAs in VAT Tregs and the impact on blood glucose. This cluster of microRNAs is one that we previously showed to be important for the fitness of Tregs found in secondary lymphoid organs. It was found that male mice with Treg-specific miR-17~92a deficiency are resistant to impaired glucose tolerance induced by a high-fat diet. However, high-fat feeding still impaired glucose tolerance in female mice with Treg-specific miR-17~92a deficiency. There was an increase in KLRG1

Published
2021

15. Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators

Author

Stobo-Wilson, AM, Murphy, BP, Legge, SM, Caceres-Escobar, H, Chapple, DG, Crawford, HM, Dawson, SJ, Dickman, CR, Doherty, Tim, Fleming, PA, Garnett, ST, Gentle, M, Newsome, TM, Palmer, R, Rees, MW, Ritchie, Euan, Speed, J, Stuart, JM, Suarez-Castro, AF, Thompson, E, Tulloch, A, Turpin, JM, Woinarski, JCZ, Stobo-Wilson, AM, Murphy, BP, Legge, SM, Caceres-Escobar, H, Chapple, DG, Crawford, HM, Dawson, SJ, Dickman, CR, Doherty, Tim, Fleming, PA, Garnett, ST, Gentle, M, Newsome, TM, Palmer, R, Rees, MW, Ritchie, Euan, Speed, J, Stuart, JM, Suarez-Castro, AF, Thompson, E, Tulloch, A, Turpin, JM, and Woinarski, JCZ

Published
2022

16. Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators

Author

Brito, J, Stobo-Wilson, AM, Murphy, BP, Legge, SM, Caceres-Escobar, H, Chapple, DG, Crawford, HM, Dawson, SJ, Dickman, CR, Doherty, TS, Fleming, PA, Garnett, ST, Gentle, M, Newsome, TM, Palmer, R, Rees, MW, Ritchie, EG, Speed, J, Stuart, J-M, Suarez-Castro, AF, Thompson, E, Tulloch, A, Turpin, JM, Woinarski, JCZ, Brito, J, Stobo-Wilson, AM, Murphy, BP, Legge, SM, Caceres-Escobar, H, Chapple, DG, Crawford, HM, Dawson, SJ, Dickman, CR, Doherty, TS, Fleming, PA, Garnett, ST, Gentle, M, Newsome, TM, Palmer, R, Rees, MW, Ritchie, EG, Speed, J, Stuart, J-M, Suarez-Castro, AF, Thompson, E, Tulloch, A, Turpin, JM, and Woinarski, JCZ

Published
2022

18. CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Author

Allen-Perkins, A, Magrach, A, Dainese, M, Garibaldi, LA, Kleijn, D, Rader, R, Reilly, JR, Winfree, R, Lundin, O, McGrady, CM, Brittain, C, Biddinger, DJ, Artz, DR, Elle, E, Hoffman, G, Ellis, JD, Daniels, J, Gibbs, J, Campbell, JW, Brokaw, J, Wilson, JK, Mason, K, Ward, KL, Gundersen, KB, Bobiwash, K, Gut, L, Rowe, LM, Boyle, NK, Williams, NM, Joshi, NK, Rothwell, N, Gillespie, RL, Isaacs, R, Fleischer, SJ, Peterson, SS, Rao, S, Pitts-Singer, TL, Fijen, T, Boreux, V, Rundlof, M, Viana, BF, Klein, A-M, Smith, HG, Bommarco, R, Carvalheiro, LG, Ricketts, TH, Ghazoul, J, Krishnan, S, Benjamin, FE, Loureiro, J, Castro, S, Raine, NE, de Groot, GA, Horgan, FG, Hipolito, J, Smagghe, G, Meeus, I, Eeraerts, M, Potts, SG, Kremen, C, Garcia, D, Minarro, M, Crowder, DW, Pisanty, G, Mandelik, Y, Vereecken, NJ, Leclercq, N, Weekers, T, Lindstrom, SAM, Stanley, DA, Zaragoza-Trello, C, Nicholson, CC, Scheper, J, Rad, C, Marks, EAN, Mota, L, Danforth, B, Park, M, Bezerra, ADM, Freitas, BM, Mallinger, RE, Oliveira da Silva, F, Willcox, B, Ramos, DL, da Silva e Silva, FD, Lazaro, A, Alomar, D, Gonzalez-Estevez, MA, Taki, H, Cariveau, DP, Garratt, MPD, Nabaes Jodar, DN, Stewart, RIA, Ariza, D, Pisman, M, Lichtenberg, EM, Schueepp, C, Herzog, F, Entling, MH, Dupont, YL, Michener, CD, Daily, GC, Ehrlich, PR, Burns, KLW, Vila, M, Robson, A, Howlett, B, Blechschmidt, L, Jauker, F, Schwarzbach, F, Nesper, M, Diekoetter, T, Wolters, V, Castro, H, Gaspar, H, Nault, BA, Badenhausser, I, Petersen, JD, Tscharntke, T, Bretagnolle, V, Willis Chan, DS, Chacoff, N, Andersson, GKS, Jha, S, Colville, JF, Veldtman, R, Coutinho, J, Bianchi, FJJA, Sutter, L, Albrecht, M, Jeanneret, P, Zou, Y, Averill, AL, Saez, A, Sciligo, AR, Vergara, CH, Bloom, EH, Oeller, E, Badano, EI, Loeb, GM, Grab, H, Ekroos, J, Gagic, V, Cunningham, SA, Astrom, J, Cavigliasso, P, Trillo, A, Classen, A, Mauchline, AL, Montero-Castano, A, Wilby, A, Woodcock, BA, Sidhu, CS, Steffan-Dewenter, I, Vogiatzakis, IN, Herrera, JM, Otieno, M, Gikungu, MW, Cusser, SJ, Nauss, T, Nilsson, L, Knapp, J, Ortega-Marcos, JJ, Gonzalez, JA, Osborne, JL, Blanche, R, Shaw, RF, Hevia, V, Stout, J, Arthur, AD, Blochtein, B, Szentgyorgyi, H, Li, J, Mayfield, MM, Woyciechowski, M, Nunes-Silva, P, Halinski de Oliveira, R, Henry, S, Simmons, BI, Dalsgaard, B, Hansen, K, Sritongchuay, T, O'Reilly, AD, Chamorro Garcia, FJ, Nates Parra, G, Magalhaes Pigozo, C, Bartomeus, I, Allen-Perkins, A, Magrach, A, Dainese, M, Garibaldi, LA, Kleijn, D, Rader, R, Reilly, JR, Winfree, R, Lundin, O, McGrady, CM, Brittain, C, Biddinger, DJ, Artz, DR, Elle, E, Hoffman, G, Ellis, JD, Daniels, J, Gibbs, J, Campbell, JW, Brokaw, J, Wilson, JK, Mason, K, Ward, KL, Gundersen, KB, Bobiwash, K, Gut, L, Rowe, LM, Boyle, NK, Williams, NM, Joshi, NK, Rothwell, N, Gillespie, RL, Isaacs, R, Fleischer, SJ, Peterson, SS, Rao, S, Pitts-Singer, TL, Fijen, T, Boreux, V, Rundlof, M, Viana, BF, Klein, A-M, Smith, HG, Bommarco, R, Carvalheiro, LG, Ricketts, TH, Ghazoul, J, Krishnan, S, Benjamin, FE, Loureiro, J, Castro, S, Raine, NE, de Groot, GA, Horgan, FG, Hipolito, J, Smagghe, G, Meeus, I, Eeraerts, M, Potts, SG, Kremen, C, Garcia, D, Minarro, M, Crowder, DW, Pisanty, G, Mandelik, Y, Vereecken, NJ, Leclercq, N, Weekers, T, Lindstrom, SAM, Stanley, DA, Zaragoza-Trello, C, Nicholson, CC, Scheper, J, Rad, C, Marks, EAN, Mota, L, Danforth, B, Park, M, Bezerra, ADM, Freitas, BM, Mallinger, RE, Oliveira da Silva, F, Willcox, B, Ramos, DL, da Silva e Silva, FD, Lazaro, A, Alomar, D, Gonzalez-Estevez, MA, Taki, H, Cariveau, DP, Garratt, MPD, Nabaes Jodar, DN, Stewart, RIA, Ariza, D, Pisman, M, Lichtenberg, EM, Schueepp, C, Herzog, F, Entling, MH, Dupont, YL, Michener, CD, Daily, GC, Ehrlich, PR, Burns, KLW, Vila, M, Robson, A, Howlett, B, Blechschmidt, L, Jauker, F, Schwarzbach, F, Nesper, M, Diekoetter, T, Wolters, V, Castro, H, Gaspar, H, Nault, BA, Badenhausser, I, Petersen, JD, Tscharntke, T, Bretagnolle, V, Willis Chan, DS, Chacoff, N, Andersson, GKS, Jha, S, Colville, JF, Veldtman, R, Coutinho, J, Bianchi, FJJA, Sutter, L, Albrecht, M, Jeanneret, P, Zou, Y, Averill, AL, Saez, A, Sciligo, AR, Vergara, CH, Bloom, EH, Oeller, E, Badano, EI, Loeb, GM, Grab, H, Ekroos, J, Gagic, V, Cunningham, SA, Astrom, J, Cavigliasso, P, Trillo, A, Classen, A, Mauchline, AL, Montero-Castano, A, Wilby, A, Woodcock, BA, Sidhu, CS, Steffan-Dewenter, I, Vogiatzakis, IN, Herrera, JM, Otieno, M, Gikungu, MW, Cusser, SJ, Nauss, T, Nilsson, L, Knapp, J, Ortega-Marcos, JJ, Gonzalez, JA, Osborne, JL, Blanche, R, Shaw, RF, Hevia, V, Stout, J, Arthur, AD, Blochtein, B, Szentgyorgyi, H, Li, J, Mayfield, MM, Woyciechowski, M, Nunes-Silva, P, Halinski de Oliveira, R, Henry, S, Simmons, BI, Dalsgaard, B, Hansen, K, Sritongchuay, T, O'Reilly, AD, Chamorro Garcia, FJ, Nates Parra, G, Magalhaes Pigozo, C, and Bartomeus, I

Abstract

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open, and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e., berry mass, number of fruits, and fruit density [kg/ha], among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), North America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-2005 (21 studies), 2006-2010 (40), 2011-2015 (88), and 2016-2020 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this da

Published
2022

19. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on hepatitis C testing in Australian primary care services providing care for people who inject drugs

Author

Traeger, MW, van Santen, DK, Sacks-Davis, R, Asselin, J, Carter, A, Doyle, JS, Pedrana, A, Wilkinson, AL, Howell, J, Thatcher, R, Didlick, J, Donovan, B, Guy, R, Hellard, ME, Stoove, MA, Traeger, MW, van Santen, DK, Sacks-Davis, R, Asselin, J, Carter, A, Doyle, JS, Pedrana, A, Wilkinson, AL, Howell, J, Thatcher, R, Didlick, J, Donovan, B, Guy, R, Hellard, ME, and Stoove, MA

Abstract

In 2020, the Australian state of Victoria experienced the longest COVID-19 lockdowns of any jurisdiction, with two lockdowns starting in March and July, respectively. Lockdowns may impact progress towards eliminating hepatitis C through reductions in hepatitis C testing. To examine the impact of lockdowns on hepatitis C testing in Victoria, de-identified data were extracted from a network of 11 services that specialize in the care of people who inject drugs (PWID). Interrupted time-series analyses estimated weekly changes in hepatitis C antibody and RNA testing from 1 January 2019 to 14 May 2021 and described temporal changes in testing associated with lockdowns. Interruptions were defined at the weeks corresponding to the start of the first lockdown (week 14) and the start (week 80) and end (week 95) of the second lockdown. Pre-COVID, an average of 80.6 antibody and 25.7 RNA tests were performed each week. Following the first lockdown in Victoria, there was an immediate drop of 23.2 antibody tests and 8.6 RNA tests per week (equivalent to a 31% and 46% drop, respectively). Following the second lockdown, there was an immediate drop of 17.2 antibody tests and 4.6 RNA tests per week (equivalent to a 26% and 33% drop, respectively). With testing and case finding identified as a key challenge to Australia achieving hepatitis C elimination targets, the cumulative number of testing opportunities missed during lockdowns may prolong efforts to find, diagnose and engage or reengage in care of the remaining population of PWID living with hepatitis C.

Published
2022

20. Telemedicine versus face-to-face follow up in general surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Fink, T, Chen, Q, Chong, L, Hii, MW, Knowles, B, Fink, T, Chen, Q, Chong, L, Hii, MW, and Knowles, B

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine provides healthcare to patients at a distance from their treating clinician. There is a lack of high-quality evidence to support the safety and acceptability of telemedicine for postoperative outpatient follow-up. This randomized controlled trial-conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic-aimed to assess patient satisfaction and safety (as determined by readmission, reoperation and complication rates) by telephone compared to face-to-face follow-up after uncomplicated general surgical procedures. METHODS: Patients following laparoscopic appendicectomy or cholecystectomy and laparoscopic or open umbilical or inguinal hernia repairs were randomized to a telephone or face-to-face outpatient clinic. Patient demographics, perioperative details and postoperative outcomes were compared. Patient satisfaction was assessed via a standardized Likert-style scale. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three patients were randomized over 12 months. Mean consultation times were significantly shorter for telemedicine than face-to-face clinics (telemedicine 10.52 ± 7.2 min, face-to-face 15.95 ± 9.96 min, P = 0.0021). There was no difference between groups in the attendance rates, nor the incidence or detection of postoperative complications. Of the 58 patients randomized to the telemedicine arm, 40% reported high, and 60% reported very high satisfaction with the method of clinic follow-up. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine postoperative follow-up is safe and acceptable to patients and could be considered in patients undergoing uncomplicated benign general surgery.

Published
2022

21. Analysis of the distribution of vagal afferent projections from different peripheral organs to the nucleus of the solitary tract in rats

Author

Bassi, JK, Connelly, AA, Butler, AG, Liu, Y, Ghanbari, A, Farmer, DGS, Jenkins, MW, Melo, MR, McDougall, SJ, Allen, AM, Bassi, JK, Connelly, AA, Butler, AG, Liu, Y, Ghanbari, A, Farmer, DGS, Jenkins, MW, Melo, MR, McDougall, SJ, and Allen, AM

Abstract

Anatomical tracing studies examining the vagal system can conflate details of sensory afferent and motor efferent neurons. Here, we used a serotype of adeno-associated virus that transports retrogradely and exhibits selective tropism for vagal afferents, to map their soma location and central termination sites within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We examined the vagal sensory afferents innervating the trachea, duodenum, stomach, or heart, and in some animals, from two organs concurrently. We observed no obvious somatotopy in the somata distribution within the nodose ganglion. The central termination patterns of afferents from different organs within the NTS overlap substantially. Convergence of vagal afferent inputs from different organs onto single NTS neurons is observed. Abdominal and thoracic afferents terminate throughout the NTS, including in the rostral NTS, where the 7th cranial nerve inputs are known to synapse. To address whether the axonal labeling produced by viral transduction is so widespread because it fills axons traveling to their targets, and not just terminal fields, we labeled pre and postsynaptic elements of vagal afferents in the NTS . Vagal afferents form multiple putative synapses as they course through the NTS, with each vagal afferent neuron distributing sensory signals to multiple second-order NTS neurons. We observe little selectivity between vagal afferents from different visceral targets and NTS neurons with common neurochemical phenotypes, with afferents from different organs making close appositions with the same NTS neuron. We conclude that specific viscerosensory information is distributed widely within the NTS and that the coding of this input is probably determined by the intrinsic properties and projections of the second-order neuron.

Published
2022

22. Genetic sampling and an activity index indicate contrasting outcomes of lethal control for an invasive predator

Author

Le Pla, MN, Birnbaum, EK, Rees, MW, Hradsky, BA, Weeks, AR, Van Rooyen, A, Pascoe, JH, Le Pla, MN, Birnbaum, EK, Rees, MW, Hradsky, BA, Weeks, AR, Van Rooyen, A, and Pascoe, JH

Abstract

Invasive mammalian predators are implicated in the ongoing decline of a suite of fauna and continue to be a major cause of human–wildlife conflict globally. Lethal control of invasive predators is a common management strategy; however, the use of activity indices to measure management effectiveness is problematic. Non‐invasive genetic sampling may be a viable alternative approach to monitoring as individual animals can be identified, allowing for direct estimation of population density through newly developed spatially explicit capture–recapture techniques. Here we compare inferences derived from a basic activity index (number of scats per survey) and genetic sampling of scats within a before–after control–impact design to evaluate the effectiveness of a lethal control programme targeting red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in south‐eastern Australia. The activity index was highly variable through time and suggested the baiting programme reduced fox activity on the treatment transect relative to changes on the non‐treatment transect. In contrast, genetic sampling and spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis suggested fox density varied little throughout the study, with any changes unable to be attributed to the baiting programme. Additionally, genetic sampling confirmed many individuals persisted through 7 months of baiting. These contrasting results may be partially explained by changes in scat detectability due to seasonal changes in behaviour and the disproportionate contribution of some individuals to scat counts. Our pre‐baiting density estimate of 0.28 foxes km2 (95% CI: 0.22–0.38) was lower than expected given the high productivity, abundant prey species and lack of larger predators in the study region. Our results highlight the need for cautious interpretation of activity indices and demonstrates the value of incorporating recent methodological and statistical advances when evaluating lethal control programmes.

Published
2022

25. Burnout in rehabilitation medicine trainees: a call for more research

Author

Ponsford, MW, Bilszta, JL, Olver, J, Ponsford, MW, Bilszta, JL, and Olver, J

Abstract

Burnout is recognised as a significant occupational hazard for medical professionals. For graduate trainees, across various medical specialties, there is growing evidence burnout results in personal harm and reduces the quality of patient care. Rehabilitation medicine, with its challenge of emotional exhaustion bought about by greater involvement in patient psychosocial well-being over a prolonged period, is significantly under-represented in research into burnout prevalence, impact and prevention strategies. We argue the lack of any evidence base in the Australian healthcare context negatively impacts the ability of training organisations to appropriately support trainees experiencing burnout.

Published
2022

26. Glutaminase 2 knockdown reduces hyperammonemia and associated lethality of urea cycle disorder mouse model.

Author

Mao, X, Chen, H, Lin, AZ, Kim, S, Burczynski, ME, Na, E, Halasz, G, Sleeman, MW, Murphy, AJ, Okamoto, H, Cheng, X, Mao, X, Chen, H, Lin, AZ, Kim, S, Burczynski, ME, Na, E, Halasz, G, Sleeman, MW, Murphy, AJ, Okamoto, H, and Cheng, X

Abstract

Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins in the cells and tissues, are of fundamental importance for cell survival, maintenance, and proliferation. The liver plays a critical role in amino acid metabolism and detoxication of byproducts such as ammonia. Urea cycle disorders with hyperammonemia remain difficult to treat and eventually necessitate liver transplantation. In this study, ornithine transcarbamylase deficient (Otcspf-ash ) mouse model was used to test whether knockdown of a key glutamine metabolism enzyme glutaminase 2 (GLS2, gene name: Gls2) or glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1, gene name: Glud1) could rescue the hyperammonemia and associated lethality induced by a high protein diet. We found that reduced hepatic expression of Gls2 but not Glud1 by AAV8-mediated delivery of a short hairpin RNA in Otcspf-ash mice diminished hyperammonemia and reduced lethality. Knockdown of Gls2 but not Glud1 in Otcspf-ash mice exhibited reduced body weight loss and increased plasma glutamine concentration. These data suggest that Gls2 hepatic knockdown could potentially help alleviate risk for hyperammonemia and other clinical manifestations of patients suffering from defects in the urea cycle.

Published
2022

27. The impact of point-of-care hepatitis C testing in needle and syringe exchange programs on linkage to care and treatment uptake among people who inject drugs: An Australian pilot study

Author

Howell, J, Traeger, MW, Williams, B, Layton, C, Doyle, JS, Latham, N, Draper, B, Bramwell, F, Membrey, D, McPherson, M, Roney, J, Stoove, M, Thompson, AJ, Hellard, ME, Pedrana, A, Howell, J, Traeger, MW, Williams, B, Layton, C, Doyle, JS, Latham, N, Draper, B, Bramwell, F, Membrey, D, McPherson, M, Roney, J, Stoove, M, Thompson, AJ, Hellard, ME, and Pedrana, A

Abstract

Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics overcome barriers to conventional hepatitis C (HCV) testing in people who inject drugs. This study assessed impact on hepatitis C treatment uptake of POC HCV testing in needle and syringe exchange programs (NSPs). Rapid EC was a single-arm interventional pilot study of HCV POC testing conducted in three inner-city community clinics with NSPs. Twelve months after the POC testing, a retrospective medical record and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme audit was performed to determine the number of HCV RNA-positive participants who were prescribed HCV treatment. 70 HCV RNA-positive Rapid EC study participants were included. 44 (63%) were prescribed DAAs; 26 (59%) completed treatment and 15 (34%) had SVR testing, all of whom were cured. Age ≥ 40 years (aOR 3.45, 95% CI 1.10-11.05, p = .03) and secondary school education (aOR 5.8, 95% CI 1.54-21.80, p = .009) had higher likelihood of being prescribed DAAs, whereas homelessness was inversely associated with prescription of DAAs (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-1.04, p = .057). Median time to receive a DAA script from date of diagnosis was seven days (IQR 0 to 14 days), and time to filling the DAA prescription was 2 days (IQR 0-12 days). In conclusion, provision of POC testing through NSPs was effective for linking new clients to HCV treatment and reduced the time to treatment. Further studies are needed to define the most cost-effective use of POC testing in models of care for people who inject drugs to increase HCV treatment uptake.

Published
2022

28. A novel phosphocholine-mimetic inhibits a pro-inflammatory conformational change in C-reactive protein

Author

Zeller, J, Shing, KSCT, Nero, TL, McFadyen, JD, Krippner, G, Bogner, B, Kreuzaler, S, Kiefer, J, Horner, VK, Braig, D, Danish, H, Baratchi, S, Fricke, M, Wang, X, Kather, MG, Kammerer, B, Woollard, KJ, Sharma, P, Morton, CJ, Pietersz, G, Parker, MW, Peter, K, Eisenhardt, SU, Zeller, J, Shing, KSCT, Nero, TL, McFadyen, JD, Krippner, G, Bogner, B, Kreuzaler, S, Kiefer, J, Horner, VK, Braig, D, Danish, H, Baratchi, S, Fricke, M, Wang, X, Kather, MG, Kammerer, B, Woollard, KJ, Sharma, P, Morton, CJ, Pietersz, G, Parker, MW, Peter, K, and Eisenhardt, SU

Abstract

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an early-stage acute phase protein and highly upregulated in response to inflammatory reactions. We recently identified a novel mechanism that leads to a conformational change from the native, functionally relatively inert, pentameric CRP (pCRP) structure to a pentameric CRP intermediate (pCRP*) and ultimately to the monomeric CRP (mCRP) form, both exhibiting highly pro-inflammatory effects. This transition in the inflammatory profile of CRP is mediated by binding of pCRP to activated/damaged cell membranes via exposed phosphocholine lipid head groups. We designed a tool compound as a low molecular weight CRP inhibitor using the structure of phosphocholine as a template. X-ray crystallography revealed specific binding to the phosphocholine binding pockets of pCRP. We provide in vitro and in vivo proof-of-concept data demonstrating that the low molecular weight tool compound inhibits CRP-driven exacerbation of local inflammatory responses, while potentially preserving pathogen-defense functions of CRP. The inhibition of the conformational change generating pro-inflammatory CRP isoforms via phosphocholine-mimicking compounds represents a promising, potentially broadly applicable anti-inflammatory therapy.

Published
2022

29. Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins: The outstanding questions

Author

Johnstone, BA, Joseph, R, Christie, MP, Morton, CJ, McGuiness, C, Walsh, JC, Bocking, T, Tweten, RK, Parker, MW, Johnstone, BA, Joseph, R, Christie, MP, Morton, CJ, McGuiness, C, Walsh, JC, Bocking, T, Tweten, RK, and Parker, MW

Abstract

The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a major family of bacterial pore-forming proteins secreted as virulence factors by Gram-positive bacterial species. CDCs are produced as soluble, monomeric proteins that bind specifically to cholesterol-rich membranes, where they oligomerize into ring-shaped pores of more than 30 monomers. Understanding the details of the steps the toxin undergoes in converting from monomer to a membrane-spanning pore is a continuing challenge. In this review we summarize what we know about CDCs and highlight the remaining outstanding questions that require answers to obtain a complete picture of how these toxins kill cells.

Published
2022

31. Ensuring tests of conservation interventions build on existing literature.

Author

Sutherland, WJ, Alvarez-Castañeda, ST, Amano, T, Ambrosini, R, Atkinson, P, Baxter, JM, Bond, AL, Boon, PJ, Buchanan, KL, Barlow, J, Bogliani, G, Bragg, OM, Burgman, M, Cadotte, MW, Calver, M, Cooke, SJ, Corlett, RT, Devictor, V, Ewen, JG, Fisher, M, Freeman, G, Game, E, Godley, BJ, Gortázar, C, Hartley, IR, Hawksworth, DL, Hobson, KA, Lu, M-L, Martín-López, B, Ma, K, Machado, A, Maes, D, Mangiacotti, M, McCafferty, DJ, Melfi, V, Molur, S, Moore, AJ, Murphy, SD, Norris, D, van Oudenhoven, APE, Powers, J, Rees, EC, Schwartz, MW, Storch, I, Wordley, C, Sutherland, WJ, Alvarez-Castañeda, ST, Amano, T, Ambrosini, R, Atkinson, P, Baxter, JM, Bond, AL, Boon, PJ, Buchanan, KL, Barlow, J, Bogliani, G, Bragg, OM, Burgman, M, Cadotte, MW, Calver, M, Cooke, SJ, Corlett, RT, Devictor, V, Ewen, JG, Fisher, M, Freeman, G, Game, E, Godley, BJ, Gortázar, C, Hartley, IR, Hawksworth, DL, Hobson, KA, Lu, M-L, Martín-López, B, Ma, K, Machado, A, Maes, D, Mangiacotti, M, McCafferty, DJ, Melfi, V, Molur, S, Moore, AJ, Murphy, SD, Norris, D, van Oudenhoven, APE, Powers, J, Rees, EC, Schwartz, MW, Storch, I, and Wordley, C

Published
2020

32. Nomograms including the UBC (R) Rapid test to detect primary bladder cancer based on a multicentre dataset

Author

Meisl, CJ, Karakiewicz, PI, Einarsson, R, Koch, S, Hallmann, S, Weiss, S, Hemdan, T, Malmstrom, PU, Styrke, J, Sherif, A, Hasan, MN, Pichler, R, Tulchiner, G, Palou, J, Faba, OR, Hennenlotter, J, Stenzl, A, Ritter, R, Niegisch, G, Grunewald, CM, Schlomm, T, Friedersdorff, F, Barski, D, Otto, T, Gossl, A, Arndt, C, Esuvaranathan, K, Kesavan, NR, Zang, ZJ, Kramer, MW, Hennig, MJP, and Ecke, TH

Subjects
nomogram, #uroonc, #blcsm, urothelial cancer, diagnosis, UBC (R) Rapid test, #BladderCancer, bladder cancer, logistic model
Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the clinical utility of the urinary bladder cancer antigen test UBC (R) Rapid for the diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) and to develop and validate nomograms to identify patients at high risk of primary BC. Patients and Methods Data from 1787 patients from 13 participating centres, who were tested between 2012 and 2020, including 763 patients with BC, were analysed. Urine samples were analysed with the UBC (R) Rapid test. The nomograms were developed using data from 320 patients and externally validated using data from 274 patients. The diagnostic accuracy of the UBC (R) Rapid test was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Brier scores and calibration curves were chosen for the validation. Biopsy-proven BC was predicted using multivariate logistic regression. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for the UBC (R) Rapid test were 46.4%, 75.5% and 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-0.64) for low-grade (LG) BC, and 70.5%, 75.5% and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.76) for high-grade (HG) BC, respectively. Age, UBC (R) Rapid test results, smoking status and haematuria were identified as independent predictors of primary BC. After external validation, nomograms based on these predictors resulted in areas under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.72-0.87) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98) for predicting LG-BC and HG-BC, respectively, showing excellent calibration associated with a higher net benefit than the UBC (R) Rapid test alone for low and medium risk levels in decision curve analysis. The R Shiny app allows the results to be explored interactively and can be accessed at www.blucab-index. net. Conclusion The UBC (R) Rapid test alone has limited clinical utility for predicting the presence of BC. However, its combined use with BC risk factors including age, smoking status and haematuria provides a fast, highly accurate and non-invasive tool for screening patients for primary LG-BC and especially primary HG-BC.

Published
2022

35. Seasonal variation in the ranging behavior of elephants in the Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem

Author

Loise W. Kuria, Duncan M. Kimuyu, Mwangi J. Kinyanjui, George Wittemyer, and Festus W. Ihwagi

Subjects
core areas, habitat use, home range shift, home range size, Loxodonta africana, mega‐herbivores, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract African savanna elephants are a highly mobile species that ranges widely across the diversity of ecosystems they inhabit. In xeric environments, elephant movement patterns are largely dictated by the availability of water and suitable forage resources, which can drive strong seasonal changes in their movement behavior. In this study, we analyzed a unique movement dataset from 43 collared elephants, collected over a period of 10 years, to assess the degree to which seasonal changes influences home range size of elephants in the semi‐arid, Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem of northern Kenya. Auto‐correlated Kernel Density Estimation (AKDE) was used to estimate elephants' seasonal home range size. For each individual elephant, we also calculated seasonal home range shifts, as the distance between wet season home range centroids and dry season home range centroids. Core areas (50% AKDE isopleths) of all individual elephants ranged from 3 to 1743 km2 whereas total home range sizes (the 95% AKDE isopleths) ranged between 15 and 10,677 km2. Core areas and home range sizes were 67% and 61% larger, respectively, during the wet season than during the dry season. On average, the core area centroids for all elephants were 17 km away from the nearest river (range 0.2–150.3 km). Females had their core areas closer to the river than males (13.5 vs. 27.5 km). Females differed from males in their response to seasonal variation. Specifically, females tended to occupy areas farther from the river during the wet season, while males occupied areas further from the river during the dry season. Our study highlights how elephants adjust their space use seasonally, which can be incorporated into conservation area planning in the face of increased uncertainty in rainfall patterns due to climate change.

Published
2024
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36. Supporting health systems and environment in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A call for action

Author

Innocent Mufungizi, Inibehe Okon, Mwangaza Nkundakozera, and Aymar Akilimali

Subjects
anthropogenic activities, developing countries, liquid waste, public health, recycling, solid waste, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Developing nations have to overcome a number of obstacles to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals. The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the five poorest nations in the world and faces several challenges in combating problems related to poverty, health, and sanitation while linking the environment to anthropogenic activities. Methods This study analyzes anthropogenic activities and their impact on the environment while providing access to the public health of the Congolese population based on the objectives of sustainable development. Thirty‐five articles were selected for further analysis as well as relative data. Results In 2022, 21 million cases of malaria were recorded by the national malaria control program, with 13,000 cases of death. The Democratic Republic of Congo has the highest typhoid incidence, with 315 cases per 100,000 people. A number of 31,342 cases of cholera were reported in 2023, according to multiple reports, with 230 deaths, mainly affecting children. In the same year, a triple epidemic of typhoid, shigellosis, and cholera was identified, with 2389 cases and 52 deaths. These observations cause a health emergency, which can be alleviated and resolved by the establishment of an adequate sanitation system. Waste can be recycled and returned to usable raw materials. Conclusion Finally, it will be necessary to establish a water safety management plan to combat all diseases linked to the consumption of nonpotable water and improve national coverage on the treatment of recent cases to reduce and at best avoid observed cases of death.

Published
2024
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37. Impact of hysterectomy on analgesic, psychoactive and neuroactive drug use in women with endometriosis: nationwide cohort study

Author

D Altman, MW Söderberg, M Pålsson, Malin Brunes, and Marion Ek

Subjects
Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Analgesic, Population, Endometriosis, Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Medicine, pain, hysterectomy, Medical prescription, education, media_common, prescription, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Hysterectomy, business.industry, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Objective To evaluate how hysterectomy affects the prescription of analgesic, psychotropic and neuroactive drugs in women with endometriosis using population-based nationwide registers. Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting Swedish national registers, from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018. Population Women with benign disease undergoing a total hysterectomy during the 4-year period of 2012-2015. Women with endometriosis (n = 1074) were identified and compared with women who did not have endometriosis (n = 10 890). Methods Prospectively collected data from two population-based registers were linked: the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynaecological Surgery and the Swedish National Drug Register. Multivariate logistic regression was used as the main statistical method. Main outcome measures Changes in drug prescription over time for 3 years prior to and 3 years after hysterectomy. Results The frequency of prescription of analgesics was higher in women with endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.9). Among women with endometriosis, the prescription of analgesics (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2) did not decrease 3 years after hysterectomy compared with the 3 years prior to surgery. There was also a significantly higher rate of prescription of psychoactive (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-2.0) and neuroactive drugs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.7) in the long term postoperatively. Conclusions In women undergoing hysterectomy, endometriosis was associated with a higher prescription rate of analgesics. In the endometriosis group the prescription of analgesic, psychoactive and neuroactive drugs did not decrease when comparing prescription rates for the 3 years prior to and the 3 years after surgery. Tweetable abstract In women with endometriosis, the long-term prescription of analgesics did not decrease after hysterectomy.

Published
2020

39. Maternal serum fructosamine levels and stillbirth: a case–control study of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network

Author

Arslan, E, primary, Allshouse, AA, additional, Page, JM, additional, Varner, MW, additional, Thorsten, V, additional, Parker, C, additional, Dudley, DJ, additional, Saade, GR, additional, Goldenberg, RL, additional, Stoll, BJ, additional, Hogue, CJ, additional, Bukowski, R, additional, Conway, D, additional, Pinar, H, additional, Reddy, UM, additional, and Silver, RM, additional

Published
2021
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40. Systematic review of applied usability metrics within usability evaluation methods for hospital electronic healthcare record systems

Author

Wronikowska, MW, Malycha, J, Morgan, LJ, Westgate, V, Petrinic, T, Young, JD, and Watkinson, PJ

Abstract

Background and objectives: Electronic healthcare records have become central to patient care. Evaluation of new systems include a variety of usability evaluation methods or usability metrics (often referred to interchangeably as usability components or usability attributes). This study reviews the breadth of usability evaluation methods, metrics, and associated measurement techniques that have been reported to assess systems designed for hospital staff to assess inpatient clinical condition. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, we searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Open Grey from 1986 to 2019. For included studies, we recorded usability evaluation methods or usability metrics as appropriate, and any measurement techniques applied to illustrate these. We classified and described all usability evaluation methods, usability metrics, and measurement techniques. Study quality was evaluated using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Results: The search identified 1336 studies. After abstract screening, 130 full texts were reviewed. In the 51 included studies 11 distinct usability evaluation methods were identified. Within these usability evaluation methods, seven usability metrics were reported. The most common metrics were ISO9241-11 and Nielsen's components. An additional “usefulness” metric was reported in almost 40% of included studies. We identified 70 measurement techniques used to evaluate systems. Overall study quality was reflected in a mean modified Downs and Black checklist score of 6.8/10 (range 1–9) 33% studies classified as “high-quality” (scoring eight or higher), 51% studies “moderate-quality” (scoring 6–7), and the remaining 16% (scoring below five) were “low-quality.” Conclusion: There is little consistency within the field of electronic health record systems evaluation. This review highlights the variability within usability methods, metrics, and reporting. Standardized processes may improve evaluation and comparison electronic health record systems and improve their development and implementation.

Published
2021

41. Patient preferences and priorities for haemophilia gene therapy in the US: A discrete choice experiment

Author

Witkop, M, Morgan, G, O'Hara, J, Recht, M, Buckner, TW, Nugent, D, Curtis, R, O'Mahony, B, Skinner, MW, Mulhern, B, Cawson, M, Ali, TM, Sawyer, EK, and Li, N

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, 1103 Clinical Sciences
Abstract

IntroductionGene therapy has shown promise in clinical trials for patients with haemophilia, but patient preference studies have focused on factor replacement treatments.AimWe conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate the relative importance and differential preferences patients provide for gene therapy attributes.MethodsWe surveyed male adults with haemophilia in the United States recruited from patient panels including the National Hemophilia Foundation Community Voices in Research platform using an online survey over 4 months in 2020/21. Participants indicated preferences for gene therapy attributes including dosing frequency/durability, effect on annual bleeding, uncertainty related to side effects, impact on daily activities, impact on mental health, and post-treatment requirements. The relative importance of each attribute was analysed overall and for subgroups based on haemophilia type and severity.ResultsA total of 183 males with haemophilia A (n = 120) or B (n = 63) were included. Half (47%) had severe haemophilia; most (75%) were White. Overall, participants gave effect on bleeding rate the greatest relative importance (31%), followed by dose frequency/durability (26%), uncertainty regarding safety issues (17%), and impact on daily activities (11%). Dose frequency/durability had the greatest importance for those with haemophilia B (35%).ConclusionPeople with haemophilia prioritised reduced bleeding and treatment burden; the former was more important in haemophilia A and the latter in haemophilia B, followed by safety and impact on daily life in this DCE of gene therapy attributes. These findings and differences can inform clinical and health policy decisions to improve health equity for people with haemophilia.

Published
2021

42. In silico analysis revealed Zika virus miRNAs associated with viral pathogenesis through alteration of host genes involved in immune response and neurological functions

Author

Islam Abmmk, Marwah Karim, Muhammad Asif Hossain Khan, Murad Mw, and Md. Sajedul Islam

Subjects
Microcephaly, In silico, Viral pathogenesis, Genome, Viral, Computational biology, Disease, Biology, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, microRNA, medicine, Humans, Gene Regulatory Networks, 030212 general & internal medicine, Gene, Zika Virus Infection, Mechanism (biology), Gene Expression Profiling, Genomics, Zika Virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MicroRNAs, Infectious Diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Host-Pathogen Interactions, RNA, Viral, RNA Interference, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Disease Susceptibility, Nervous System Diseases, Signal Transduction
Abstract

BACKGROUND The concurrent Zika Virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the United States and Northeast Brazil have evoked global surveillance. Zika infection has been correlated with severe clinical symptoms, such as microcephaly, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and other congenital brain abnormalities. Recent data suggest that ZIKV predominantly targets neural progenitor cells leading to neurological impairment. Despite the clinical evidence, detailed experimental mechanism of ZIKV neurotropic pathogenesis has not been fully understood yet. Here we hypothesized that ZIKV produces miRNAs, which target essential host genes involved in various cellular pathways facilitating their survival through immune evasion and progression of disease during brain development. METHODS From genome sequence information using several bioinformatic tools, we predicted pri-miRNAs, pre-miRNAs, and finally the mature miRNAs produced by ZIKV. We also identified their target genes and performed functional enrichment analysis to identify the biological processes associated with these genes. Finally, we analyzed a publicly available RNA-seq data set to determine the altered expression level of the targeted genes. RESULTS From ZIKV genome sequence, we identified and validated 47 putative novel miRNAs. Functional enrichment of the targeted genes demonstrates the involvement of various biological pathways regulating cellular signaling, neurological functions, cancer, and fetal development. The expression analysis of these genes showed that ZIKV-produced miRNAs downregulate the key genes involved in these pathways, which in turn may lead to impaired brain development. CONCLUSIONS Our finding proposes novel ZIKV miRNAs and their targets, which upon experimental validation could help developing new therapeutics to combat ZIKV infection and minimize ZIKV-mediated pathologies.

Published
2019

43. Intensive versus guideline-recommended blood pressure reduction in acute lacunar stroke with intravenous thrombolysis therapy: The ENCHANTED trial

Author

Zhou, Z, Xia, C, Carcel, C, Yoshimura, S, Wang, X, Delcourt, C, Malavera, A, Chen, X, Mair, G, Woodward, M, Chalmers, J, Demchuk, AM, Lindley, RI, Robinson, TG, Parsons, MW, Wardlaw, JM, Anderson, CS, Zhou, Z, Xia, C, Carcel, C, Yoshimura, S, Wang, X, Delcourt, C, Malavera, A, Chen, X, Mair, G, Woodward, M, Chalmers, J, Demchuk, AM, Lindley, RI, Robinson, TG, Parsons, MW, Wardlaw, JM, and Anderson, CS

Abstract

Background and purpose: This was an investigation of the differential effects of early intensive versus guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) lowering between lacunar and non-lacunar acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in the BP arm of the Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study (ENCHANTED). Methods: In 1,632 participants classified as having definite or probable lacunar (n = 454 [27.8%]) or non-lacunar AIS according to pre-specified definitions based upon clinical and adjudicated imaging findings, mean BP changes over days 0–7 were plotted, and systolic BP differences by treatment between subgroups were estimated in generalized linear models. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the BP treatment effects on 90-day outcomes (primary, an ordinal shift of modified Rankin scale scores) across lacunar and non-lacunar AIS after adjustment for baseline covariables. Results: Most baseline characteristics, acute BP and other management differed between lacunar and non-lacunar AIS, but mean systolic BP differences by treatment were comparable at each time point (all pinteraction > 0.12) and over 24 h post-randomization (−5.5, 95% CI −6.5, −4.4 mmHg in lacunar AIS vs. −5.6, 95% CI −6.3, −4.8 mmHg in non-lacunar AIS, pinteraction = 0.93). The neutral effect of intensive BP lowering on functional outcome and the beneficial effect on intracranial haemorrhage were similar for the two subgroups (all pinteraction > 0.19). Conclusions: There were no differences in the treatment effect of early intensive versus guideline-recommended BP lowering across lacunar and non-lacunar AIS.

Published
2021

44. The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI-3 updates and global perspectives

Author

Weber, CJ, Carrillo, MC, Jagust, W, Jack, CR, Shaw, LM, Trojanowski, JQ, Saykin, AJ, Beckett, LA, Sur, C, Rao, NP, Mendez, PC, Black, SE, Li, K, Iwatsubo, T, Chang, C-C, Sosa, AL, Rowe, CC, Perrin, RJ, Morris, JC, Healan, AMB, Hall, SE, Weiner, MW, Weber, CJ, Carrillo, MC, Jagust, W, Jack, CR, Shaw, LM, Trojanowski, JQ, Saykin, AJ, Beckett, LA, Sur, C, Rao, NP, Mendez, PC, Black, SE, Li, K, Iwatsubo, T, Chang, C-C, Sosa, AL, Rowe, CC, Perrin, RJ, Morris, JC, Healan, AMB, Hall, SE, and Weiner, MW

Abstract

The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (WW-ADNI) is a collaborative effort to investigate imaging and biofluid markers that can inform Alzheimer's disease treatment trials. It is a public-private partnership that spans North America, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Taiwan. In 2004, ADNI researchers began a naturalistic, longitudinal study that continues today around the globe. Through several successive phases (ADNI-1, ADNI-GO, ADNI-2, and ADNI-3), the study has fueled amyloid and tau phenotyping and refined neuroimaging methodologies. WW-ADNI researchers have successfully standardized analyses and openly share data without embargo, providing a rich data set for other investigators. On August 26, 2020, the Alzheimer's Association convened WW-ADNI researchers who shared updates from ADNI-3 and their vision for ADNI-4.

Published
2021

45. Deep water cuspate stromatolites of the Cryogenian Trezona Formation

Author

O'Connell, B, Wallace, MW, Hood, AVS, Rebbechi, L, Brooks, HL, O'Connell, B, Wallace, MW, Hood, AVS, Rebbechi, L, and Brooks, HL

Abstract

Stromatolites and microbialites contain a rich repository of environmental and biological information. Despite extensive research, questions remain regarding the biological, chemical, and physical processes that control stromatolite macro, meso, and microstructure. We report unusual deep water cuspate stromatolites from the Cryogenian Trezona Formation, South Australia, from a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate open marine ramp setting. Cuspate stromatolite horizons develop near the base of decameter-scale transgression-regression cycles and typically overlie decimeter-scale irregular erosion surfaces. The cuspate structure within the stromatolites form near vertical, stacked cusp structures in cross section. In plan view, the cusps form cm-scale sharp parallel ridges oriented perpendicular to the regional downslope direction and perpendicular to the elongation direction of stromatolites. Stromatolites colonized topographic highs of irregular erosion surfaces (often hardgrounds) and grew in carbonate supersaturated, iron-rich marine waters in low turbidity sediment-starved settings. Cuspate stromatolites are interpreted as forming in deep water environments during maximum transgression as condensed intervals. Their microbial metabolism may require low light and low oxygen. A deep water origin for the Trezona Formation cuspate stromatolites and other Precambrian cuspate stromatolites suggests a link between the cuspate morphology and physical/chemical (carbonate supersaturated, low light, and low oxygen) conditions of Precambrian deep water marine settings.

Published
2021

46. Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

Author

Simoes, JFF, Nepogodiev, D, Ademuyiwa, A, Buarque, I, El-Boghdadly, K, Gebreyohanes, M, Glasbey, JC, Kronberger, E, Kruijff, S, Li, E, Loeffler, M, Mashbari, H, Pata, F, Smart, N, Sayyed, R, Shu, S, Sund, M, Bhangu, A, Simoes, J, Ahmed, W-U-R, Argus, L, Ball, A, Bywater, EP, Blanco-Colino, R, Brar, A, Chaudhry, D, Dawson, BE, Duran, I, Elhadi, M, Gujjuri, RR, Jones, CS, Harrison, EM, Kamarajah, SK, Keatley, JM, Lawday, S, Mann, H, Marson, EJ, Mclean, KA, Norman, L, Ots, R, Outani, O, Picciochi, M, Santos, I, Shaw, C, Taylor, EH, Trout, IM, Varghese, C, Venn, ML, Xu, W, Dajti, I, Gjata, A, Kacimi, SEO, Boccalatte, L, Cox, D, Pockney, P, Townend, P, Aigner, F, Kronberger, IE, Samadov, E, Alderazi, A, Hossain, K, Padmore, G, van Ramshorst, G, Lawani, I, Cerovac, A, Delibegovic, S, Baiocchi, G, Ataide Gomes, GM, Buarque, IL, Gohar, M, Slavchev, M, Nwegbu, C, Agarwal, A, Martin, J, Ng-Kamstra, J, Marta Modolo, M, Olivos, M, Lou, W, Ren, D-L, Andres Calvache, J, Rivera, CJ-P, Hadzibegovic, AD, Kopjar, T, Mihanovic, J, Aviles Jimenez, PM, Gouvas, N, Klat, J, Novysedlak, R, Amisi, N, Christensen, P, El-Hussuna, A, Batista, S, Lincango-Naranjo, E, Emile, S, Arevalo Sandoval, DA, Dhufera, H, Hailu, S, Mengesha, MG, Kauppila, JH, Arnaud, AP, Demetrashvili, Z, Albertsmeier, M, Lederhuber, H, Loeffler, MW, Acquah, DK, Ofori, B, Tabiri, S, Metallidis, S, Tsoulfas, G, Aguilera-Arevalo, M-L, Recinos, G, Mersich, T, Wettstein, D, Ghosh, D, Kembuan, G, Milan, PB, Khosravi, MH, Mozafari, M, Hilmi, A, Mohan, H, Zmora, O, Gallo, G, Pellino, G, Fujimoto, Y, Kuroda, N, Satoi, S, Abou Chaar, MK, Ayasra, F, Fakhradiyev, I, Hamdun, IHS, Jin-Young, J, Jamal, M, Karout, L, Gulla, A, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, F, Samison, LH, Roslani, AC, Duran Sanchez, II, Samantha Gonzalez, D, Martinez, L, Jose Martinez, M, Nayen, A, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Nunez, J, Nashidengo, PR, Shah, R, Shrestha, AL, Jonker, P, Noltes, M, Steinkamp, P, Wright, D, Abdur-Rahman, L, Adisa, A, Osinaike, B, Seyi-Olajide, J, Williams, O, Williams, E, Pejkova, S, Al Balushi, Z, Qureshi, AU, Mohsen, MA, Abukhalaf, SA, Cukier, M, Gomez-Fernandez, H, Shu Yip, S, Vasquez Ojeda, XP, Dione Sacdalan, M, Major, P, Azevedo, J, Cunha, MF, Zarour, A, Bonci, E-A, Negoi, I, Efetov, S, Kochetkov, V, Litvin, A, Ingabire, JA, Bucyibaruta, G, Faustin, N, Habumuremyi, S, Imanishimwe, A, de Dieu, HJ, Munyaneza, E, Ncogoza, I, Alameer, E, Ndong, A, Radenkovic, D, Chew, MH, Koh, F, Ngu, J, Panyko, A, Bele, U, Kosir, JA, Daoud, H, Minaya Bravo, AM, Jayarajah, U, Wickramasinghe, D, Adam, MEAE, Rutegard, M, Adamina, M, Gialamas, E, Horisberger, K, Alshaar, M, Huang, A, Lohsiriwat, V, Charles, S, Jlassi, H, Isik, A, Leventoglu, S, Lekuya, HM, Lule, H, Kopetskyi, S, Alsaadi, H, Alshryda, S, Alser, O, Bankhead-Kendall, B, Breen, K, Kaafarani, H, Cal, FB, Al-Naggar, H, Maimbo, M, Mazingi, D, Abbott, T, Akhbari, M, Benson, R, Bhanderi, S, Biccard, B, Caruana, E, Chakrabortee, S, Chapatwala, R, Costas-Chavarri, A, Demetriades, AK, Desai, A, Di Saverio, S, Drake, T, Edwards, J, Evans, J, Fiore, M, Ford, S, Fotopoulou, C, Fowler, A, Futaba, K, Ganly, I, James, HG, Griffiths, E, Gronchi, A, Hutchinson, P, Hyman, GY, Incorvia, J, Jain, R, Jenkinson, M, Khan, T, Knight, SR, Kolias, A, Kudsk-Iversen, S, Kwan, TY, Leung, E, Mayol, J, McKay, S, Meara, JG, Mills, E, Moug, S, Patel, A, Perinotti, R, Rice, HE, Roberts, K, Schache, A, Shaw, R, Stephens, M, Stewart, GD, Teasdale, E, Vaughan-Shaw, P, Vidya, R, Wright, N, Wuraola, F, Zimmelman, N, Agastra, E, Thereska, D, Martin Lucchini, S, Laudani, V, Chwat, C, Pedraza Salazar, II, Pantoja Pachajoa, DA, Duro, A, Calderon Arancibia, JA, D'Aulerio, G, Dudi-Venkata, N, Egoroff, N, Farik, S, Lott, N, Moss, J-L, Rennie, S, Tan, L, Vo, UG, Watson, D, Watters, D, Bright, T, Hollington, P, Zhou, X, Kroon, HM, Farfus, A, Barker, J, Watson, E, Stevens, S, Latif, H, Dawson, AC, Chuan, A, Muralidharan, V, Wong, E, Ackermann, T, Pacilli, M, Hodgson, R, Heriot, A, Choong, P, Brown, W, Lidder, S, Yeung, J, Traeger, L, Regalo, G, Gourlay, R, Badiani, S, Koh, C, Putnis, S, Haider, F, Mitul, AR, Komen, N, Dhondt, B, Cappeliez, S, Pigeolet, M, Schoneveld, M, Stijns, J, Oosterlinck, W, Flamey, N, Kpangon, C, Agbadebo, M, Tobome, SR, Barros, AV, Aguiar Junior, S, do Amaral Campos, HG, Gross, J, Fernandez Coimbra, FJ, Kowalski, LP, Makdissi, F, Nakagawa, S, Duprat Neto, JP, Vartanian, JG, Yazbek, G, Zequi, SC, Flumignan, R, Jaworska, N, Dell, A, Shanthanna, H, Behzadi, A, Nessim, C, Mozel, M, St-germain, P, Russell, C, Groot, G, Safieddine, N, Wijeysundera, D, Eskander, A, Chadi, S, MacKenzie, S, Flexman, A, Heredia, F, Villanueva, J, Waissbluth, S, Macchiavello, R, Escudero, MI, Fuentes, T, Mimica, X, Bolivar Saenz, D, Caicedo, L, Pablo Alzate, J, Luna, J, Pedraza Alonso, NF, Ortiz Silva, C, Rodriguez, J, Silva-Igua, L, Torres, ML, Maria Trujillo, L, Nieto Calvache, AJ, Balanta-Melo, J, Figueroa-Casanova, R, Garcia-Montoya, O-J, Marulanda Toro, CA, Velez Botero, M, Mendoza Arango, MC, Diaz Martinez, E, Gutierrez Perdomo, V, Montenegro, E, Rodriguez-Abreu, J, Mejia, D, Abouelnagah, G, Shehata, S, Rida, AHEF, Hassan, RA, Saad, MM, Loaloa, MR, Mostafa, B, Qassem, M, Fahmy, M, Abozied, H, Azzam, AY, Ghozy, S, Sallam, A, Shehta, A, Abdelkhalek, M, Samaka, R, Morsy, A, Sherif, AE, Negussie, A, Fisseha, T, Shumbash, K, Abebe, M, Yasin, SM, Akililu, YB, Megersa, A, Tefera, T, Assefa, M, Atnafu, B, Tsegaye, B, Bezabih, YS, Sisay, S, Bekele, K, Jira, M, Derilo, H, Degefa, E, Tadesse, A, Nidaw, M, Sarjanoja, E, Testelin, S, Boucher, S, Jouffret, L, Lakkis, Z, Le Bian, AZ, Harper, L, des Deserts, MD, Andre, B, Slim, K, Verhaeghe, R, Police, A, Girard, E, Chebaro, A, Nkembi, AS, Arnalsteen, L, Ballouhey, Q, Mege, D, Jeandel, C, Duchalais, E, Bouche, P-A, Manceau, G, Cretolle, C, Hervieux, E, Girard, N, Seguin-Givelet, A, Gaujoux, S, De Simone, B, Boisson, M, Bergeat, D, Fredon, F, Nappi, F, Kassir, R, Scalabre, A, Migliorelli, F, Ezanno, A-C, Seeliger, B, Vaysse, C, Charbonneau, H, Misrai, V, Abbo, O, Angeles, MA, Brunaud, L, Modabber, A, Wolf, S, Kamphues, C, Hoehn, P, Glowka, TR, Rokohl, AC, Bork, U, Fluegen, G, Horch, RE, Schmedding, A, Schnitzbauer, A, Eberbach, H, Schlager, D, Spelsberg, F, Keppler, L, Hecker, A, Wolfer, S, Ronellenfitsch, U, Nitschke, C, Peiper, C, Hakami, I, Welter, S, Nikolaieva, K, Roth, A, Lindert, J, Gousias, K, Rissmann, A, Linz, VC, Rahbari, N, Rassweiler-Seyfried, M-C, Gut, AE, Gempt, J, Reim, D, Wagner, A, Keppler, AM, Stoleriu, MG, Saier, T, Stadler, J, Kaiser, JC, Brunner, SM, Pfister, K, Herzberg, J, Nowak, K, Reinhard, T, Stavrou, GA, Koenigsrainer, A, Konrads, C, Quante, M, Laban, S, von Pusch, S, Hirschburger, M, Doerner, J, Wiegering, A, Tampaki, EC, Gutierrez Ruiz, A, Rodas, A, Lucia Portilla, A, Carrera, J, Duarte, AB, Lowey, M, Barillas, S, Suroy, A, Vaishnav, D, Chowdappa, RG, Madabhavi, I, Bhat, D, Venkatappa, SK, Thakar, S, Jain, K, Kumar, A, Nagar, M, Mishra, T, Sekar, A, Gupta, A, Kaman, L, 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Todorovic, L, Stavridis, S, Massoud, JG, Alsibai, S, Sultan, R, Altaf, HN, Bhatti, ABH, Waqar, SH, Aziz, A, Kerawala, AA, Rai, L, Anwer, M, Tariq, A, Ayub, B, Niazi, SU, Naseem, MY, Sarwar, MZ, Khokhar, MI, Zahid, IA, Majid, HJ, Talat, N, Asif, M, Chaudhary, MH, Farooq, U, Ahmad, S, Mabood, W, Bukhari, SI, Tariq, M, Yaqoob, E, Javed, S, Malik, MU, Yaqoob, HN, Falcon Pacheco, GM, Mas Melendez, R, Paucar Urbina, ADP, Rios Chiuyari, J, Otiniano Alvarado, CE, Rivera Lau, LF, Borda-Luque, G, Niquen-Jimenez, M, Arias, C, Zegarra, S, Betalleluz Pallardel, J, Ugarte Oscco, RA, Mendiola, G, Carpio Colmenares, YT, Zapata, CS, Rosa Ortiz, M, Borges, FC, Viveiros, O, Serralheiro, P, Santos-Costa, P, Mendes, F, Melo, MR, Cardoso, P, Soares, A, Pereira, RG, Silva, N, Caiado, A, Sacras, ML, Azevedo, P, Almeida-Reis, R, Oliveira, J, Nogueiro, J, Sampaio-Alves, M, Costa, LC, Baia, C, Deus, AC, Branquinho, R, Marcal, A, Tojal, A, Makkai-Popa, ST, Mironescu, A, Grama, F, Toma, EA, Filipescu, D, Bacalbasa, N, Motas, N, Ionescu, S, Ginghina, O, Costea, R, Zarnescu, NO, Drasovean, R, Dimofte, M-G, Porumb, V, Kirov, M, Molitvin, Y, Pykhteev, V, Raevskaya, M, Butyrskii, A, Alshahrani, M, Althumairi, A, Alzerwi, N, Al Ameer, A, Madkhali, T, Almulhim, AS, Ghazwani, S, Ayoub, A, Iskander, O, Ghunaim, M, Alharthi, M, Alzaidi, TM, Alyami, M, Al Amri, A, AlFakhri, A, Alhefdhi, A, Chowdhury, S, Nouh, T, Alshehri, A, Alzahrani, A, Alalawi, Y, Awad, S, Konate, I, Tendeng, J, Teo, NZ, Aqil, S, Barrena Lopez, C, Sanchez Mozo, A, Rodriguez Infante, A, Caja Vivancos, P, Prieto, M, Alberdi San Roman, I, Gomez Fernandez, L, Munoz Vives, JM, Carreras-Castaner, A, Diaz-Feijoo, B, Sieira-Gil, R, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Sanchez Lopez, A, Sanchez-Cabus, S, Jimenez Toscano, M, Canals Sin, MP, Garcia Laura, S, Martin Sole, O, Palazon Bellver, P, Perez-Bertolez, S, Prat-Ortells, J, Riba Martinez, M, Rubio-Palau, J, Tarrado, X, Alonso Mendoza, V, Bescos, C, Espin-Basany, E, Espinosa-Bravo, M, Gil-Sala, D, Gonzalez-Suarez, S, Montferrer Estruch, N, Porteiro Marino, L, Rodriguez-Tesouro, A, Rojas Portilla, F, Tormos Perez, MP, Vives, I, Garcia De Cortazar, U, Tudela, K, Landaluce-Olavarria, A, Estaire Gomez, M, Almoguera, J, Ugarte-Sierra, B, Jimenez, V, Bertrand, M, Cardenas Puiggros, L, Delisau-Puig, O, Garcia-Adamez, J, Julia Bergkvist, D, Maldonado-Marcos, E, Diego Garcia, L, Roldon Golet, M, Soto-Darias, I, Cristina Rahy-Martin, A, Enjuto, D, Ramos-Luengo, A, Delgado Fernandez, J, Lugo Duarte, C, Ojeda Thies, C, Marquez, L, Crego Vita, D, Dziakova, J, Canno Velasco, J, Mateo-Sierra, O, Quintana-Villamandos, B, Rey Valcarcel, C, Rio, J, Roman Garcia de Leon, L, Di Martino, M, Prada, J, Serrano Gonzalez, J, Losada, M, Castell Gomez, JT, Corripio-Sanchez, R, Forero-Torres, A, Manuel Morales-Puebla, J, Perez-Chrzanowska, H, Valderrabano Gonzalez, S, Yebes, A, Zapardiel, I, Diez Alonso, M, Morales Palacios, N, Cabanero Sanchez, A, Sanchez Fernandez, F, Abad Gurumeta, A, Abad-Motos, A, Corella, F, Ripolles-Melchor, J, Sanz-Gonzalez, R, Alcaraz Fuentes, M, Fernandez Martin, MT, Calvo Espino, P, Carrasco Prats, M, Fernandez-Lopez, A-J, Garcia Escudero, D, Garcia Soria, V, Martinez Alonso, JA, Ruiz-Marin, M, Gomez Perez, B, Moya-Angeler, J, Fernandez Martinez, D, Llaquet Bayo, H, Colas-Ruiz, E, Bella Romera, S, Gavalda Pellice, MT, Jorda Sole, M, Ruiz Velasquez, EJ, Nunez, B, Jimenez, R, Zabaleta, J, Jose Gonzalez-Gimeno, M, Ortega Vazquez, I, Perez Ferrer, A, Martin-Laez, R, Moreno Suarez, M, Freiria Eiras, MA, Ramallo-Solis, I, Gomez-Rosado, J-C, Oliver Guillen, JR, Achalandabaso Boira, M, Catala Bauset, JC, Domenech, J, Badenes, R, Carlos Bernal-Sprekelsen, J, Sancho-Muriel, J, De Andres-Asenjo, B, Tejero-Pintor, FJ, Vallve-Bernal, M, and Vazquez Melero, A

Abstract

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pu

Published
2021

47. Phylogenomic analyses of the genus Drosophila reveals genomic signals of climate adaptation

Author

Li, F, Rane, R, Luria, V, Xiong, Z, Chen, J, Li, Z, Catullo, RA, Griffin, PC, Schiffer, M, Pearce, S, Lee, SF, McElroy, K, Stocker, A, Shirriffs, J, Cockerell, F, Coppin, C, Sgro, CM, Karger, A, Cain, JW, Weber, JA, Santpere, G, Kirschner, MW, Hoffmann, AA, Oakeshott, JG, Zhang, G, Li, F, Rane, R, Luria, V, Xiong, Z, Chen, J, Li, Z, Catullo, RA, Griffin, PC, Schiffer, M, Pearce, S, Lee, SF, McElroy, K, Stocker, A, Shirriffs, J, Cockerell, F, Coppin, C, Sgro, CM, Karger, A, Cain, JW, Weber, JA, Santpere, G, Kirschner, MW, Hoffmann, AA, Oakeshott, JG, and Zhang, G

Abstract

Many Drosophila species differ widely in their distributions and climate niches, making them excellent subjects for evolutionary genomic studies. Here, we have developed a database of high-quality assemblies for 46 Drosophila species and one closely related Zaprionus. Fifteen of the genomes were newly sequenced, and 20 were improved with additional sequencing. New or improved annotations were generated for all 47 species, assisted by new transcriptomes for 19. Phylogenomic analyses of these data resolved several previously ambiguous relationships, especially in the melanogaster species group. However, it also revealed significant phylogenetic incongruence among genes, mainly in the form of incomplete lineage sorting in the subgenus Sophophora but also including asymmetric introgression in the subgenus Drosophila. Using the phylogeny as a framework and taking into account these incongruences, we then screened the data for genome-wide signals of adaptation to different climatic niches. First, phylostratigraphy revealed relatively high rates of recent novel gene gain in three temperate pseudoobscura and five desert-adapted cactophilic mulleri subgroup species. Second, we found differing ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in several hundred orthologues between climate generalists and specialists, with trends for significantly higher ratios for those in tropical and lower ratios for those in temperate-continental specialists respectively than those in the climate generalists. Finally, resequencing natural populations of 13 species revealed tropics-restricted species generally had smaller population sizes, lower genome diversity and more deleterious mutations than the more widespread species. We conclude that adaptation to different climates in the genus Drosophila has been associated with large-scale and multifaceted genomic changes.

Published
2021

49. Cerebroplacental ratio in predicting adverse perinatal outcome: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Author

Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, CA, van Osch, IR, Heymans, MW, Ganzevoort, W, Schoonmade, LJ, Bax, CJ, Mol, B, de Groot, C, Bossuyt, P, de Boer, MA, CPR IPD Study Group, Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, CA, van Osch, IR, Heymans, MW, Ganzevoort, W, Schoonmade, LJ, Bax, CJ, Mol, B, de Groot, C, Bossuyt, P, de Boer, MA, and CPR IPD Study Group

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) adds to the predictive value of umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA PI) alone - standard of practice - for adverse perinatal outcome in singleton pregnancies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Meta-analysis based on individual participant data (IPD). POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Ten centres provided 17 data sets for 21 661 participants, 18 731 of which could be included. Sample sizes per data set ranged from 207 to 9215 individuals. Patient populations varied from uncomplicated to complicated pregnancies. METHODS: In a collaborative, pooled analysis, we compared the prognostic value of combining CPR with UA PI, versus UA PI only and CPR only, with a one-stage IPD approach. After multiple imputation of missing values, we used multilevel multivariable logistic regression to develop prediction models. We evaluated the classification performance of all models with receiver operating characteristics analysis. We performed subgroup analyses according to gestational age, birthweight centile and estimated fetal weight centile. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Composite adverse perinatal outcome, defined as perinatal death, caesarean section for fetal distress or neonatal unit admission. RESULTS: Adverse outcomes occurred in 3423 (18%) participants. The model with UA PI alone resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.775 (95% CI 0.709-0.828) and with CPR alone in an AUC of 0.778 (95% CI 0.715-0.831). Addition of CPR to the UA PI model resulted in an increase in the AUC of 0.003 points (0.778, 95% CI 0.714-0.831). These results were consistent across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebroplacental ratio added no predictive value for adverse perinatal outcome beyond UA PI, when assessing singleton pregnancies, irrespective of gestational age or fetal size. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Doppler measurement of cerebroplacental ratio in clinical practice has limited added predictive value to umbilical artery alone.

Published
2021

50. Hemispheric cortical atrophy and chronic microglial activation following mild focal ischemic stroke in adult male rats

Author

Ermine, CM, Nithianantharajah, J, O'Brien, K, Kauhausen, JA, Frausin, S, Oman, A, Parsons, MW, Brait, VH, Brodtmann, A, Thompson, LH, Ermine, CM, Nithianantharajah, J, O'Brien, K, Kauhausen, JA, Frausin, S, Oman, A, Parsons, MW, Brait, VH, Brodtmann, A, and Thompson, LH

Abstract

Animal modeling has played an important role in our understanding of the pathobiology of stroke. The vast majority of this research has focused on the acute phase following severe forms of stroke that result in clear behavioral deficits. Human stroke, however, can vary widely in severity and clinical outcome. There is a rapidly building body of work suggesting that milder ischemic insults can precipitate functional impairment, including cognitive decline, that continues through the chronic phase after injury. Here we show that a small infarction localized to the frontal motor cortex of rats following injection of endothelin-1 results in an essentially asymptomatic state based on motor and cognitive testing, and yet produces significant histopathological change including remote atrophy and inflammation that persists up to 1 year. While there is understandably a major focus in stroke research on mitigating the acute consequences of primary infarction, these results point to progressive atrophy and chronic inflammation as additional targets for intervention in the chronic phase after injury. The present rodent model provides an important platform for further work in this area.

Published
2021

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