9 results on '"Luděk Bartoš"'
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2. Time spent suckling is affected by different social organization in three zebra species
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Michaela Olléová, Jan Pluháček, Luděk Bartoš, and Jitka Bartošová
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genetic structures ,biology ,Aggression ,biology.organism_classification ,Equus ,Zebra (medicine) ,Animal science ,nervous system ,Foal ,biology.animal ,Equus zebra ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Herd ,medicine ,Plains zebra ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Social organization ,human activities ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Suckling bout duration and frequency were used in the past as an indicator of milk intake. However, later studies found no significant relationship between suckling bout duration and frequency and milk or energy intake. On the other hand recent studies are in line with the suggestion that suckling bout duration and frequency may express intensity of maternal care. The three extant zebra species differ in their ecology and social system. Mountain Equus zebra and Grevy's zebra E. grevyi live in an arid environment, whereas plains zebras E. quagga are found in savannah. Mountain and plains zebra mares form stable herds associated with high aggression and low aggression, respectively. Female Grevy's zebras form loose associations with the lowest level of aggression. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the suggestion that suckling bout duration and frequency are affected by social system. We observed suckling behaviour of 30 foals (16 plains zebras, 8 Grevy's zebras and 6 mountain zebras) at the Dvůr Kralove Zoo, Czech Republic. We found that suckling bout duration was longest in mountain zebras, followed by plains and Grevy's zebras. Similar results were found for suckling frequency. These results coincide with the rate of aggression among mares; foals spent more time by suckling in species, where more aggression among adults occurred. Thus, the results of our study support the suggestion that suckling bout duration reflects social needs of the foal rather than milk intake requirements.
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- 2013
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3. Developmental instability of ano-genital distance index: Implications for assessment of prenatal masculinization
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Luděk Bartoš, František Sedláček, and Adam Dušek
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Analysis of Variance ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Anal Canal ,Reproducibility of Results ,Physiology ,Genitalia, Female ,Biology ,Perineum ,Mice ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Endocrinology ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Internal medicine ,External genitalia ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Animals ,Body Weights and Measures ,Female ,Sex organ ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Prenatal androgens are generally assumed to permanently affect the morphology of external genitalia. In laboratory rodents, the ano-genital distance index (AGDI) has become widely used as a marker of natural prenatal masculinization. A greater value should indicate a greater masculinization. The aim of this study was to assess the developmental stability of the AGDI in female mice during pre- (Days 1-21) and postweaning (Days 21-61) periods. Presuming that the AGDI reflects a permanent effect of prenatal masculinization, we hypothesized that the AGDI will be a developmentally stable morphometric measurement (interindividual differences in the AGDI measurement should persist over time). In contrast to our prediction, the AGDI showed poor repeatability both during pre- (.15) and postweaning (.22) periods, indicating developmental instability. (A value of 1 indicates perfect repeatability and a value of 0 indicates no repeatability.) The AGDI thus does not seem to be a reliable marker of prenatal female masculinization. 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 568- 573, 2010.
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- 2010
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4. The Role of Vocalization in the Communication between Red Deer Hinds and Calves
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Dominika Vaňková, Luděk Bartoš, and Jan Málek
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Communication ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vocal communication ,business.industry ,Captivity ,Sound production ,Biology ,Audiology ,medicine ,Cervus elaphus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Animal communication ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Eleven hinds and their calves were observed on a deer farm in order to study their vocal communication. Red deer calves are ‘hiders’, and therefore it was believed that they would need to recognize their mother's voice, but the hinds would not need to recognize the voice of their offspring. The following predictions were tested. First, the calf can recognize its mother by voice. Second, the hind's ability to recognize her calf by voice is less pronounced. The study had two parts. Part I was focused on spontaneous behaviour of the animals. Part II involved experiments with audio recordings. It was observed that the hinds vocalized more frequently than the calves, and it appeared that the vocalization served primarily a contact function. The calves seemed to recognize their mothers' voice better than vice versa. For the hinds, vision was more important than hearing. Thus, the predictions were confirmed.
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- 2010
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5. Diurnal and seasonal behaviour of adult and juvenile European catfish as determined by radio-telemetry in the River Berounka, Czech Republic
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Jitka Kolářová, Luděk Bartoš, Pavel Horký, Ondřej Slavík, and Tomas Randak
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Ecology ,Home range ,Dusk ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,Nocturnal ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Juvenile ,Silurus ,Predator ,Population dynamics of fisheries ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Catfish - Abstract
The first telemetry study analysing behaviour of the largest freshwater predator in European rivers, Silurus glanis, was performed bimonthly during the years 2002–2004. Movement of juveniles and adults occurred mostly in the same time intervals. The only statistical differences occurred for nocturnal activity in spring and autumn. In spring and winter, activity was low with the peaks during daylight, and in autumn, maximal movement was recorded during dusk. In summer, the European catfish were active across the whole 24 h even during high-flow conditions. During all other seasons, movement was inversely related to flow rate. Maximal home ranges occurred in summer, being larger for adults. Juveniles and adults were spatially segregated. With increasing flow, fish were displaced, and individuals from both groups got closer to each other. Only juveniles migrated downstream from the upstream isolated river stretch suggesting a negative impact of lateral obstructions on the fish population structure.
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- 2007
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6. Estimation of the probability of fighting in fallow deer (Dama dama) during the rut
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Barbora Fricova, Jitka Bartošová-Víchová, Luděk Bartoš, José Panama, Pavel Sustr, and Eva Šmídová
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Male ,Estimation ,Communication ,business.industry ,Rut ,Deer ,Aggression ,Sexual Behavior, Animal ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Agonistic behaviour ,Seasonal breeder ,Animals ,Vocalization, Animal ,business ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Probability ,Demography - Abstract
Fighting between males is a frequent component of the rutting behavior of Cervidae. Frequent conflicts are exhausting; fighting may be risky and can lead to serious injuries or even death. We focused on the process of assessment of the opponent's fighting ability and escalation of the combat, estimating the probability of fighting based on the encounter components such as groaning and parallel walk. In this study, we observed the agonistic behavior of fallow deer bucks (Dama dama) during the rut over four seasons. During this time, we recorded 205 encounters between bucks. Non-contact display, which allows contestants to assess their opponents fighting ability, occurred in 83% of the encounters. The highest predicted probability of a fight was found when both of the males vocalized and turned into the parallel walk. The chance of a clear outcome decreased when the males were fighting in comparison to when they did not fight. The initiator of the competitive encounter won 41% of the cases, while the attacked buck won 23% of the encounters. If the contestants avoided fighting, however, the initiator won 78% of encounters. Therefore, the initiator was more successful when no fight occurred compared to when the encounters escalated into fighting. In most cases where ritualized behavior occurred, one of the opponents left after vocalization or parallel walk occurred. Thus, vocalization and parallel walk increased the probability for a clear outcome. The probability of a fight was lowest in situations where the males displayed asymmetric behavior. Increased symmetry of the contestants' behavior was strongly correlated with a higher probability of a fight. Thus, these results indicate that fallow deer bucks use efficient tactic during the rut, which, in turn, minimizes the chance of injury while fighting during the breeding season. Aggr. Behav. 33:7–13, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2006
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7. The Function of Mounting Behaviour in Farmed Red Deer Calves
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Dominika Vaň Ková and Luděk Bartoš
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Developmental stage ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sexual behavior ,Lactation ,medicine ,Zoology ,Captivity ,Cervus elaphus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
The function of mounting behaviour was studied in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves. On the basis of previous work, we tested two alternative hypotheses about the function of this behaviour. The first hypothesis deals with the proximate function of the behaviour. Three predictions were tested: (1a) mounting behaviour attracts the attention of the mother and/or consolidates the mother–calf bond; (1b) mounting is intended to obtain more milk; (1c) mounting is intended to prevent other calves from sucking from the mother. The second hypothesis deals with an ultimate function in practising for future life with two predictions tested: (2a) mounting behaviour is part of calves' play behaviour promoting development of the calf's locomotor and social skills; (2b) calves gain sexual experience through mounting behaviour. For the study, 50 hind-calf pairs were observed. The maternity of individual hinds was confirmed by a genetical analysis. The hinds were classified as ‘maternal’ and ‘non-maternal’ and the calves as ‘filial’ and ‘non-filial’. We recorded 40 cases of mounting behaviour involving 25 hinds and 21 calves. Our results suggest that the mounting behaviour of red deer calves serves several different functions depending on the circumstances. In association with suckling, calves of both sexes mounted maternal hinds mainly to attract their attention and to achieve another suckling. In situations not associated with suckling, mounting by male calves might be considered part of their sexual training. On the other hand, mounting by female calves probably reflects the attempt to maintain contact with their mother in tense situations.
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- 2002
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8. Factors affecting migrations of burbot
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Ondřej Slavík and Luděk Bartoš
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biology ,Ecology ,Environmental factor ,Water current ,Aquatic Science ,Gadidae ,Seasonality ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Water level ,Fish ladder ,Fishery ,Water temperature ,medicine ,%22">Fish ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In autumn, burbot Lota lota migrations through a fish ladder in the regulated Ohře River, Czech Republic, were stimulated by an increase in discharge and a decrease in water temperature but the number of burbot in the ladder was significantly lower when compared with other seasons. The maximum number of burbot in the ladder was recorded in spring when discharge decreased. A sudden decrease in water level caused burbot to leave the refuges in the riverbanks that they had occupied during high winter discharges. The results indicate that the relatively low short-term variability of physical conditions represented by the modified discharge regime can induce a stronger response in fish migrations even in comparison with typical reproductive migrations of these species.
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- 2002
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9. Fallow deer tactic to compete over food with red deer
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Luděk Bartoš, Soběslav Losos, Jiří Šiler, and Dominika Vaňková
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Developmental stage ,Feeding behavior ,Animal science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Agonistic behaviour ,Herd ,Cervus elaphus ,Interspecific competition ,Biology ,Supplementary food ,General Psychology ,Antler - Abstract
Small ungulates may compete with larger species through higher mobility, greater aggressiveness, and/or by larger group sizes. We observed a herd of approximately 100 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 130 fallow deer (Dama dama) at the Žehusice Deer Park during supplemental feeding to determine whether fallow deer can displace red deer at feeding sites and to describe strategies used for displacement. Data were analyzed during the antlered period (AP) when males of both species had hard antlers and the cast period (CP) when all red deer stags had cast antlers, but fallow bucks were still in a hard antler. We conducted 41 observation sessions, 29 during the AP and 12 during the CP. In both periods red deer were more numerous than fallow deer at the feeding sites. Fallow bucks initially waited until red deer arrived at the feeding site, after which they attacked any red deer. Fallow bucks were more aggressive than red deer stags or hinds. When stags retaliated, the bucks turned their attacks toward hinds. During feeding sessions, attacks against hinds intensified, while bucks avoided encounters with stags. As a result, in most cases (90%), red deer vacated the feeding site before the supplementary food was depleted. In contrast, fallow does not compete with the larger red deer and selected other sources of food in the park. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 1996
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