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19. Viral load of high-risk human papillomavirus in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Author

Sun CA, Liu JF, Wu DM, Nieh S, Yu CP, and Chu TY

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell physiopathology, Papillomaviridae physiology, Papillomavirus Infections physiopathology, Papillomavirus Infections virology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior physiology, Tumor Virus Infections physiopathology, Tumor Virus Infections virology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms physiopathology, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia physiopathology, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell etiology, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell virology, Papillomaviridae isolation & purification, Papillomaviridae pathogenicity, Papillomavirus Infections complications, Tumor Virus Infections complications, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms etiology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms virology, Viral Load, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia etiology, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia virology
Abstract

Objectives: This case-control study was conducted to investigate the role of viral load of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the development of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and invasive cancers., Methods: A total of 30 female cases who had histological evidence of low-grade SIL (n=10) or high-grade SIL and above (n=20) were identified as the case group at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei between September 1998 and March 1999. In addition, 80 female controls who had normal cervical cytology were enrolled and individually matched on age (+/-5 years) and date of recruitment to each case. Cervical swabs collected from study subjects were tested for the positivity and viral load of high-risk HPVs by Hybrid Capture II assay. Additionally, subjects completed a risk factor questionnaire., Results: Among sex behavioral factors studied, younger age at first intercourse was associated with a significantly elevated risk of cervical SIL and invasive cancers. With respect to HPV infection, high-risk HPV DNA was present in 70% (21/30) of case and 21% (17/80) of control subjects, resulting in an odds ratio (OR) of 6.6 [95% confidence interval (C.I.)=2.6-17.0]. Moreover, women who had a high viral load were at significantly greater risk for cervical SIL and invasive cancers than those who were infected with a low viral load (OR=18.0, 95% C.I.=3.0-108.5)., Conclusions: Among the variables tested, infection with a high viral load of high-risk HPVs is the strongest determinant for cervical SIL and cervical cancers in Taiwan.

Published
2002
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20. Coping with culture-based conflict: implications for counseling research and practice.

Author

Dunbar E, Liu JF, and Horvath AM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Counseling, Cultural Diversity, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Workforce, Conflict, Psychological, Culture, Interpersonal Relations
Abstract

Interpersonal conflict related to sociocultural group membership was examined with a multicultural university sample. The Social Group Conflict Scale (SGCS), collective self-esteem (CSE), and Bradburn affect scale were administered to 248 university students. The current study attempted to replicate and extend the findings on social group-based conflict recently proposed by Dunbar, Sue, and Liu. Results indicated that 51% of the subjects reported encountering interpersonal conflict attributable to their social group memberships, with ethnicity being the most frequently attributed group category. Significant gender and ethnic differences were noted in coping approach employed in responding to the conflict event. The current findings are considered in regard to effectively assessing and responding to intercultural conflict for mental health practice.

Published
1995

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