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Abstract Background Oral melanoma (OM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are frequently diagnosed in dogs, presenting a challenge in distinguishing them from benign oral tumors (BN). Salivary metabolomic biomarkers offer a practical solution because of saliva's direct contact with tumors and the noninvasive nature of collection. Objective Assess the diversity and abundance of the salivary metabolome in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC using amine/phenol submetabolome analysis and high‐performance chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (CIL LC‐MS). Animals Study included 11 BN, 24 OM, 10 OSCC, and 20 healthy control dogs. Methods Case‐control cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess salivary submetabolic profiles in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC and healthy dogs. Samples were labeled with 12C‐dansyl chloride and analyzed using CIL LC‐MS targeted to amine‐ and phenol‐containing metabolites for amine/phenol submetabolome analysis. Results Distinct clusters and significant differences in metabolite concentrations were observed among the oral cancer, BN, and control groups. A total of 154 and 66 metabolites showed significantly altered concentrations, particularly in OM and OSCC, respectively, when compared with BN (Padj < .05). Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified for each cancer, including decreased concentrations of seryl‐arginine and sarcosine in OSCC. Moreover, high‐confidence putative metabolites were identified, including an increase in tryptophyl‐threonine and a decrease in 1,2‐dihydroxynapthalene‐6‐sulfonic acid and hydroxyprolyl‐hydroxyproline for OM. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We identified high coverage of the amine/phenol submetabolome, including seryl‐arginine, and sarcosine, in OSCC. Our findings emphasize the potential of these biomarkers for distinguishing between oral OSCC and BN in dogs.

Abstract Breakthroughs brought about by two‐dimensional (2D) materials in the field of photodetection have opened up new possibilities in infrared imaging. However, challenges still exist in fabricating high‐density detector arrays using such materials, which are essential for traditional imaging systems. In this study, we present a state‐of‐the‐art computing imaging system that utilizes a MoTe2/Si self‐powered photodetector coupled with flexible Hadamard modulation algorithms. This system demonstrates remarkable capability to produce high‐quality images in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band, surpassing the capabilities of devices based on alternative material systems. The exceptional infrared imaging capability primarily stems from the MoTe2/Si photodetector's inherent features, including an ultra‐wide spectral range (265–1550 nm) and extremely high sensitivity (linear dynamic range (LDR) up to 123 dB, responsivity (R) up to 0.33 A W–1, external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 43% and a specific detectivity (D*) exceeding 2.9 × 1011 Jones). Moreover, the imaging system demonstrates the ability to achieve high‐quality edge imaging of objects in the SWIR band (1550 nm), even in strong scattering environments and under low sampling rate conditions (sampling rate of 25%). We believe that this work will effectively advance the application scope of 2D materials in the field of computational imaging in SWIR bands.

Abstract Flexible perovskite photodetectors (FPDs) are promising for novel wearable devices in bionics, robotics and health care. However, their performance degradation and instability during operations remain a grand challenge. Superior flexibility and spontaneous functional repair of devices without the need for any external drive or intervention are ideal goals for FPDs. Herein, by using phenyl disulfide instead of alkyl disulfide as a crosslinking agent, disulfide bonds with lower bond energy are introduced, thus endowing the polyurethane network (SCPU) with the ability of self‐healing at room temperature. SCPU is filled to the grain boundary of perovskite film, which not only improves the crystal quality of perovskite and mechanical stability of FPD but also enables FPD to self‐heal at room temperature. As a result, the as‐prepared FPD exhibits a superior responsivity of 0.4 A W−1, a high specific detectivity of 2.5 × 1011 Jones and 2 μs fast response time in a self‐powered mode. More importantly, the FPD still retained 91% of the initial photo responsivity after 9000 times of bending upon cyclic healing. This polymer doping strategy provides an effective solution for stable operation and room‐temperature self‐healing for FPDs.

ABSTRACT Background Early on in the development of diabetes, skeletal muscles can exhibit microarchitectural changes that can be detected using texture analysis (TA) based on volume transfer constant (Ktrans) maps. Nevertheless, there have been few studies and thus we evaluated microvascular permeability and the TA of the bone marrow in diabetics with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Methods Eighteen male rabbits were randomly assigned equally into an operation group with hindlimb ischemia and diabetes, a sham‐operated group with diabetes only, and a control group. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) was performed on all rabbits at predetermined intervals (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days post‐surgery). The pharmacokinetic model was used to generate the permeability parameters, while the textural parameters were derived from the Ktrans map. Data analysis methods included the independent sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, repeated‐measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation tests. Results The Ktrans values reached a minimum on day 1 after ischemia induction, then gradually recovered, but remained lower than those of the sham‐operated group. The volume fraction only showed a significant difference between the operation group and the sham‐operated group on day 5 post‐surgery, but not in the extravascular extracellular space volume fraction at all time points. A significantly reduced Ktrans on day 1, a decreased number of bone trabeculae (Tb.N), and the area of bone trabeculae (Tb.Ar), and an increased microvessel density on day 25 in the operation group compared with the sham‐operated group were observed. At each time point, there was a discernible difference between the two groups in the mean value, mean of positive pixels, and sumAverage. Conclusions The early stages of diabetic bone marrow with CLI can be evaluated by DCE‐MRI for microvascular permeability. Texture analysis based on DCE‐MRI could act as an imaging discriminator and new radiological analysis tool for critical limb ischemia in diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet‐induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut‐liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut‐pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic‐guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease‐associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.

Abstract This study proposed a millimetre‐wave integrated substrate gap waveguide (ISGW) filtering antenna featuring four adjustable radiation nulls, with two located within each of its upper and lower stop bands. These nulls can be tuned by altering the dimensions of stepped‐impedance resonators, complementary U‐slots, and passive coplanar parasitic patches. Antennas offer the benefits of individually adjustable radiation nulls and the flexible modification of selectivity and gain curve roll‐off. Simulation results indicated that the antenna operated at a central frequency of 25.4 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 14.3% (23.76–27.04 GHz), and attained an average gain of 7.6 dBi.

Abstract The development of in situ techniques to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneous reactions is essential for understanding physicochemical processes in aqueous phase. In this work, a new approach coupling in situ UV–vis spectroscopy with a two‐step algorithm strategy is developed to quantitatively monitor heterogeneous reactions in a compact closed‐loop incorporation. The algorithm involves the inverse adding‐doubling method for light scattering correction and the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method for spectral deconvolution. Innovatively, theoretical spectral simulations are employed to connect MCR‐ALS solutions with chemical molecular structural evolution without prior information for reference spectra. As a model case study, the aqueous adsorption kinetics of bisphenol A onto polyamide microparticles are successfully quantified in a one‐step UV–vis spectroscopic measurement. The practical applicability of this approach is confirmed by rapidly screening a superior adsorbent from commercial materials for antibiotic wastewater adsorption treatment. The demonstrated capabilities are expected to extend beyond monitoring adsorption systems to other heterogeneous reactions, significantly advancing UV–vis spectroscopic techniques toward practical integration into automated experimental platforms for probing aqueous chemical processes and beyond.

Abstract RNA splicing is crucial in the multilayer regulatory networks for gene expression, making functional interactions with DNA‐ and other RNA‐processing machineries in the nucleus. However, these established couplings are all major spliceosome‐related; whether the minor spliceosome is involved remains unclear. Here, through affinity purification using Drosophila lysates, an interaction is identified between the minor spliceosomal 65K/RNPC3 and ANKRD11, a cofactor of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, Deletion strains are constructed and found that both Dm65KΔ/Δ and Dmankrd11Δ/Δ mutants have reduced histone deacetylation at Lys9 of histone H3 (H3K9) and Lys5 of histone H4 (H4K5) in their heads, exhibiting various neural‐related defects. The 65K‐ANKRD11 interaction is also conserved in human cells, and the HsANKRD11 middle‐uncharacterized domain mediates Hs65K association with HDAC3. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays revealed that HsANKRD11 is a bridging factor, which facilitates the synergistic common chromatin‐binding of HDAC3 and Hs65K. Knockdown (KD) of HsANKRD11 simultaneously decreased their common binding, resulting in reduced deacetylation of nearby H3K9. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that expression changes of many genes caused by HsANKRD11‐KD are due to the decreased common chromatin‐binding of HDAC3 and Hs65K and subsequently reduced deacetylation of H3K9, illustrating a novel and conserved coupling mechanism that links the histone deacetylation with minor spliceosome for the regulation of gene expression.

Abstract The construction of high‐efficiency photoanodes is essential for developing outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells. Furthermore, insufficient carrier transport capabilities and sluggish surface water oxidation kinetics limit its application. Using a solvothermal annealing strategy, we prepared a nonstoichiometric In–S (NS) group on the surface of an In2S3 photoanode in situ and unexpectedly formed a type II transfer path of carrier, thereby reducing the interfacial recombination and promoting the bulk separation. First‐principles calculations and comprehensive characterizations demonstrated NS group as an excellent oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) that effectively facilitated carrier transport, lowered the surface overpotential, increased the surface active site, and accelerated the surface oxygen evolution reaction kinetics by precisely altering the rate‐determining steps of * to *OH and *O to *OOH. These synergistic effects remarkably enhanced the PEC performance, with a high photocurrent density of 5.02 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and a negative shift in the onset potential by 310 mV. This work provides a new strategy for the in situ preparation of high‐efficiency OECs and provides ideas for constructing excellent carrier transfer and transport channels.

Abstract Biomaterial‐based flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite films are desirable in many applications of wearable electronic devices. However, much research focuses on improving the EMI shielding performance of materials, while optimizing the comprehensive safety of wearable EMI shielding materials has been neglected. Herein, wearable cellulose nanofiber@boron nitride nanosheet/silver nanowire/bacterial cellulose (CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC) EMI shielding composite films with sandwich structure are fabricated via a simple sequential vacuum filtration method. For the first time, the electrical safety, biosafety, and thermal safety of EMI shielding materials are optimized integratedly. Since both sides of the sandwich structure contain CNF and BC electrical insulation layers, the CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC composite films exhibit excellent electrical safety. Furthermore, benefiting from the AgNW conductive networks in the middle layer, the CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 49.95 dB and ultra‐fast response Joule heating performance. More importantly, the antibacterial property of AgNW ensures the biosafety of the composite films. Meanwhile, the AgNW and the CNF@BNNS layers synergistically enhance the thermal conductivity of the CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC composite film, reaching a high value of 8.85 W m‒1 K‒1, which significantly enhances its thermal safety when used in miniaturized electronic device. This work offers new ideas for fabricating biomaterial‐based EMI shielding composite films with high comprehensive safety.

Abstract A probabilistic limit equilibrium framework combining empirical load transfer factor and anisotropy of soil cohesion is developed to conduct pile‐reinforced slope reliability analysis. The anisotropy of soil cohesion is determined conditioned on that the thrust force direction is parallel to the major principal direction and it is easily combined with load transfer factor, which are related with soil parameters, and pile parameters. The proposed method is illustrated against a homogeneous soil slope. The sensitivity studies of pile parameters on factor of safety (FS; calculated at respective means of soil parameters) and β demonstrated that the anisotropy of soil cohesion tends to pose significant effect on reliability index β than on FS. The effect of anisotropy of soil cohesion on FS is found to be slightly different under different pile locations, whereas its effect on β is observed to be least if piles are drilled at the middle part of slope and more significant effect is observed when piles are drilled at the lower and upper part of slope. The plots from the sensitivity studies provide an alternative tool for pile designs aiming at the target reliability index β. The proposed method contributes to the pile‐reinforced slope stability within limit equilibrium framework.

Abstract To generate arbitrary shape magnetic field waveforms for advanced scientific research, a reconfigurable pulsed high magnetic field facility (PHMFF) was developed at Wuhan National Pulsed High Magnetic Field Centre (WHMFC). First, the basic elements of PHMFF are introduced, and a ternary physical model composed of energy storage unit, magnet, transmission circuits and other auxiliary units is summarised to describe various magnetic field systems. Second, in order to realise the reconfiguration of magnetic field systems based on detailed elements, the control system with the ability of dynamic construction and control sequence reconfiguration is designed. On this basis, the PHMFF has been realised and various magnetic field systems are constructed to produce arbitrary shape magnetic field waveforms, such as half‐sine, ultra‐high, flat‐top and repetitive field pulses, which not only enhances the capability and efficiency of PHMFF, but also makes more scientific research possible in pulsed magnetic fields. So far, a peak magnetic field of 94.8 T, a flat‐top magnetic field of 64 T/10 ms and a repetitive magnetic field waveform of 20 T/60 Hz have been achieved, and some experiments and studies on the physical properties of materials have been carried out at WHMFC.

Abstract Background Little is known about long‐term treatment‐related symptoms in older breast cancer survivors. We characterized long‐term patient‐reported symptoms and examined factors associated with the presence and severity of symptoms, and symptom interference with daily activities. Methods Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) Medicare linkage data was used to identify breast cancer patients age 65 and older with local/regional stage disease diagnosed between 2012–2013. Symptom burden was assessed using breast‐specific items from the Patient‐Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO‐CTCAE™). Demographic and clinical data also were collected. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between symptom burden and respondent sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results Of 4448 eligible patients, 1594 (response‐rate 35.8%) completed questionnaires. Of these, 1245 eligible respondents were included in the analysis based on self‐reported data. Median time from diagnosis to survey completion was 68 months (IQR: 62–73). Most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue/lack of energy (76.8%), aching muscles (72.1%) and aching joints (72.5%). Receipt of chemotherapy was associated with higher symptom burden. Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy had higher risk of numbness/tingling (OR: 3.16; 95% CI: 2.36–4.24), hair loss (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 2.05–3.60), and fatigue/lack of energy (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.29–2.52). Similarly, patients who received chemotherapy were more likely to report the majority of symptoms as moderate to severe and as interfering with daily activities. Conclusion Receipt of chemotherapy is associated with significant symptom burden more than 5 years after breast cancer treatment. Long‐term chemotherapy impact should be discussed with patients in a shared‐decision making process and approaches to symptom management during survivorship care are needed.

Objective Olecranon osteotomy and paratricipital approaches were widely used in the treatment of type C distal humerus fracture but some disadvantages exist, so a combined medial and lateral approach was designed. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical outcomes of combined medial and lateral approach with the paratricipital approach in open reduction and internal fixation of type C distal humerus fractures. Methods From May 2018 to April 2020, 37 patients with type C distal humerus fracture who accepted open reduction and internal fixation in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All cases were randomly divided into two groups according to the surgical approach: combined medial and lateral approach group (19 cases), paratricipital approach group (18 cases). All of the patients received open reduction and double vertical plates fixation. The operation and follow‐up indexes, including operation time, blood loss, incision length, triceps muscle strength, flexion‐extension arc of elbow and forearm rotation arc, were recorded and compared. Caja score was used to assess the quality of fractures reduction. Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to evaluate the elbow function in the follow‐up. Complications such as incision infection, ulnar nerve injury, degenerative osteoarthritis, and heterotopic ossification were analyzed. Results The differences in age, gender, and AO classification of fractures between two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The sum of medial and lateral incision length of combined approach group was longer than the midline incision of paratricipital approach group (15.4 ± 0.8 vs. 14.6 ± 0.8, p 0.05), blood loss (71.3 ± 24.5 vs. 72.8 ± 24.6, p > 0.05), and Caja score (16.05 ± 5.67 vs. 15.56 ± 5.66, p > 0.05). During the follow‐up, the MEPS of combined approach group was higher than that of paratricipital approach group at 3 months postoperatively (80.5 ± 5.7 vs. 68.9 ± 8.1, p 0.05) and at the last follow‐up (86.8 ± 7.1 vs. 86.9 ± 7.7, p > 0.05) between the two groups. There was no significant difference in triceps muscle strength (p > 0.05), flexion‐extension arc (126.8 ± 5.3 vs. 128.9 ± 6.0, p > 0.05), and forearm rotation arc (163.2 ± 5.3 vs. 163.6 ± 4.8, p > 0.05) at the last follow‐up. Although the incidence of complication of combined approach group (15.8%) was lower than that of paratricipital approach group (22.2%), the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions The combined medial and lateral approach was an effective and safe way of open reduction and internal fixation for type C distal humerus fractures. Compared with the paratricipital approach, the combined medial and lateral approach could restore the elbow function more quickly postoperatively, and the long‐term results were comparable.

Abstract The multifaceted switches are part of our everyday life from the macroscopic to the molecular world. A molecular switch operating in the solution and in the crystalline state is very different. In this review, we summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of smart molecular crystal switches based on molecular martensites. These crystal switches respond to external stimuli and reversibly change between states, retaining their macroscopic integrity. The operation of the switches predominantly relies on temperature alterations or mechanical stress, with emerging methods based on photothermal effects, photoisomerization, and host‐guest chemistry. The capability of changing the molecular orientation and interaction in smart molecular crystal switches offers opportunities in several applications, including actuators, reversibly shaping structural materials, optoelectronic and magnetic materials, as well as switchable porous materials. Smart molecular crystal switches have vast potential in modern scientific and technological progress. The ongoing research shapes a rich landscape for innovation and future scientific exploration across diverse disciplines.

Abstract Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant endocrine tumour, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing considerably. Cellular heterogeneity in the tumour microenvironment is important for PTC prognosis. Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful technique for cellular heterogeneity study. Methods In conjunction with a clinical pathologist identification method, spatial transcriptomics was employed to characterise the spatial location and RNA profiles of PTC‐associated cells within the tissue sections. The spatial RNA‐clinical signature genes for each cell type were extracted and applied to outlining the distribution regions of specific cells on the entire section. The cellular heterogeneity of each cell type was further revealed by ContourPlot analysis, monocle analysis, trajectory analysis, ligand–receptor analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results The spatial distribution region of tumour cells, typical and atypical follicular cells (FCs and AFCs) and immune cells were accurately and comprehensively identified in all five PTC tissue sections. AFCs were identified as a transitional state between FCs and tumour cells, exhibiting a higher resemblance to the latter. Three tumour foci were shared among all patients out of the 13 observed. Notably, tumour foci No. 2 displayed elevated expression levels of genes associated with lower relapse‐free survival in PTC patients. We discovered key ligand–receptor interactions, including LAMB3–ITGA2, FN1–ITGA3 and FN1–SDC4, involved in the transition of PTC cells from FCs to AFCs and eventually to tumour cells. High expression of these patterns correlated with reduced relapse‐free survival. In the tumour immune microenvironment, reduced interaction between myeloid‐derived TGFB1 and TGFBR1 in tumour focus No. 2 contributed to tumourigenesis and increased heterogeneity. The spatial RNA‐clinical analysis method developed here revealed prognosis‐associated cellular heterogeneity in the PTC microenvironment. Conclusions The occurrence of tumour foci No. 2 and three enhanced ligand–receptor interactions in the AFC area/tumour foci reduced the relapse‐free survival of PTC patients, potentially leading to improved prognostic strategies and targeted therapies for PTC patients.

Abstract A reasonable width of the coal pillar is very important to the surrounding rock control of the gob‐side roadway. An unreasonable width of the coal pillar will make the roadway to be located within the range of strong mining influence, leading to severe deformation of the roadway. Severe subsidence at the coal pillar side of the roof and serious coal pillar deformation are problems caused by strong dynamic pressure due to mining in the gob‐side coal roadway. This paper studies the surrounding rock instability mechanism and rational coal pillar width of the gob‐side coal roadway under the influence of intense dynamic pressure. The results show that: (1) Under the condition of large mining height, the roadway overburden is a hinged structure, and an unreasonable coal pillar width makes the gob‐side coal roadway to be located below the main roof fracture line. The rotary movement of the key block of the main roof is the main reason for the roadway deformation. (2) According to the evolution law of stress field, displacement field and plastic zone of surrounding rock of roadway under different coal pillar widths during roadway driving and mining were studied, and it is concluded that a 6‐m‐width coal pillar is the most reasonable. (3) Based on the stress distribution and plasticizing range of surrounding rock in a narrow pillar roadway, the combined support scheme of “anchor cable + grouting + single prop” is proposed and applied to engineering practice. The practice results show that the roadway deformation is well controlled, and the safe mining of the working face is realized.

Abstract Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) undergoing surgery are at high risk of developing peritoneal adhesions and other severe postoperative complications. However, the single shielding function and absence of physiological activity render conventional methods less useful in preventing adhesions in patients with MetS. To address this challenge, a convenient method is introduced for developing a novel tissue‐adhesive hydrogel called oxidized dextran–metformin (ODE–ME) via Schiff base linkages. This injectable ODE–ME hydrogel exhibits excellent tissue‐adhesive properties and various physiological functions, particularly enhanced antibacterial effects. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the hydrogel can effectively alleviate hyperglycemia, reduce excessive inflammation, and improve fibrinolytic activity in MetS mice, thereby preventing adhesions and promoting incisional healing. The hydrogel concurrently isolates injured tissues and lowers the blood glucose levels immediately after surgery in mice. Therefore, the ODE–ME hydrogel functions as a multifunctional barrier material and has potential for preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in patients with MetS in clinical settings.

Abstract This paper presents a framework combining Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and the Newmark sliding block model with representative slip surfaces (RSS) (model II) and multiple response surfaces method (MRSM) to conduct seismic reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes. An empirical threshold is introduced to define the limit state function to identify the failure samples in MCS and the sliding area and Newmark sliding displacement are multiplied to quantify the failure consequence. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a soil slope with multiple layers. The calculation results demonstrate that traditional Newmark sliding block model (model I) tend to underestimate the variations of yield acceleration. Both the failure probability and landslide risk exhibit decreasing trends with the increase of threshold. Significant discrepancy in failure probability and landslide risk between two models is found even for a small threshold. Therefore, the proposed methodology is highly recommended in seismic reliability analysis and risk assessment. The contributions of RSSs to the failure probability and landslide risk are insensitive to the variation of displacement thresholds.

Abstract Surrogate safety measures (SSM) are used to assess the risk for autonomous emergency braking system (AEBS). Developing appropriate SSM and accurately executing the braking request are the key issues. Time‐to‐collision (TTC) is a typical time‐based SSM with limitations. By analyzing the braking process, this paper proposes a new SSM based on deceleration rate to avoid collision (DRAC). As the brake actuator, vehicle electronic stability control (ESC) system has many problems, such as large overshoot and pressure fluctuation. Considering the model of hydraulic control unit (HCU) and vehicle, a deceleration controller based on non‐linear model predictive control (NMPC) is proposed. Based on this, a layered AEBS architecture is proposed. The upper‐layer AEBS controller calculates the expected deceleration based on modified DRAC (MDRAC), and transmits it to the lower‐layer NMPC deceleration controller. Finally, the simulation and experimental tests are carried out. The results show that the system has a fast and stable response. In addition, the performance of the proposed AEBS strategy is tested according to the Euro‐NCAP test protocol. Comparing the results with the TTC method, the proposed method can improve the stability of the distance margin by more than 0.55 m, which ensures the safety and improves the stability of the vehicle.

Abstract Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant widely used in kidney transplantation. TAC displays considerable interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics (PKs). Genetic and clinical factors play important roles in TAC PKs. We enrolled a total of 251 Chinese renal transplant recipients and conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD), and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find genetic variants affecting log‐transformed TAC trough blood concentration/dose ratio (log[C0/D]). In addition, we performed dual luciferase reporter gene assays and multivariate regression models to evaluate the effect of the genetic variants. The GWAS results showed that all 23 genomewide significant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (p C independently influenced TAC log(C0/D). Dual luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that rs75125371 minor allele (C) was significantly associated with increased normalized luciferase activity than the major allele (T) in the Huh7 cells (p = 1.2 × 10−5) and HepaRG cells (p = 0.0097). A model inclusive of age, sex, hematocrit, CYP3A5*3, and rs75125371 explained 37.34% variance in TAC C0. These results suggest that rs75125371 T > C is a functional and population‐specific variant affecting TAC C0 in Chinese renal transplant recipients.

Abstract The cytochrome P450 3As (CYP3As) are abundantly expressed in the liver and metabolize many commonly prescribed medications. Their expression is highly variable between individuals with little known genetic cause. Despite extensive investigation, cis‐acting genetic elements that control the expression of the CYP3As remain uncharacterized. Using chromatin conformation capture (4C assays), we detected reciprocal interaction between a distal regulatory region (DRR) and the CYP3A4 promoter. The DRR colocalizes with a variety of enhancer marks and was found to promote transcription in reporter assays. CRISPR‐mediated deletion of the DRR decreased expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7, supporting its role as a shared enhancer regulating the expression of three CYP3A genes. Using reporter gene assays, we identified two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs115025140 and rs776744/rs776742) that increased DRR‐driven luciferase reporter expression. In a liver cohort (n = 246), rs115025140 was associated with increased expression of CYP3A4 mRNA (1.8‐fold) and protein (1.6‐fold) and rs776744/rs776742 was associated with 1.39‐fold increased expression of CYP3A5 mRNA. The rs115025140 is unique to the African population and in a clinical cohort of African Americans taking statins for lipid control rs115025140 carriers showed a trend toward reduced statin‐mediated lipid reduction. In addition, using a published cohort of Chinese patients who underwent renal transplantation taking tacrolimus, rs776744/rs776742 carriers were associated with reduced tacrolimus concentration after adjusting for CYP3A5*3. Our results elucidate a complex regulatory network controlling expression of three CYP3A genes and identify two novel regulatory variants with potential clinical relevance for predicting CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression.

Abstract The responsive control of energy transfer (ET) plays a key role in the broad applications of lanthanide‐doped nanomaterials. Photonic crystals (PCs) are excellent materials for ET regulation. Among the numerous materials that can be used to fabricate PCs, chiral nematic liquid crystals are highly attractive due to their good photoelectric responsiveness and biocompatibility. Here, the mechanisms of ET and the photonic effect of chiral nematic structures on ET are introduced; the regulation methods of chiral nematic structures and the resulting changes in ET of lanthanide‐doped nanomaterials are highlighted; and the challenges and promising opportunities for ET in chiral nematic structures are discussed.

Abstract Device‐to‐device (D2D) and full duplex (FD) technologies demonstrate immense potentials to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless networks. However, their synergistic combination to reap added benefits is proved to be technically challenging. This letter investigates the throughput‐maximization resource allocation problem for FD D2D communications underlaying cellular networks. The problem is decoupled into two subproblems, namely power allocation and channel assignment, which are solved by using a novel quadratic transform based scheme and the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing ones in terms of overall system throughput.

Abstract In the information explosion society, information security is highly demanded in the practical application, which raised a surge of interest in designing secure and reliable information transmission channels based on the inherent properties of emerging devices. Here, an innovative strategy to achieve the data encryption and reading during the data confidential transmission based on VO2 device is proposed. Owing to the specific insulator‐to‐metal transition property of VO2, the phase transitions between the insulator and metallic states are modulated by the combination of electric field, temperature, and light radiation. These external stimulus‐induced phase diagram is directly associated with the defined VO2 device, which are applicable for control the “0” or “1” electrical logic state for the information encryption. A prototype device is fabricated on an epitaxial VO2 film, which displayed a unique data encryption function with excellent stability. The current study not only demonstrated a multiphysical field‐modulated VO2 device for information encryption, but also supplied some clues for functional devices applications in other correlated oxide materials.

Abstract Different from single coal seam mining, the stress evolution in the end mining stage of close‐distance coal seams is extremely complex. The unreasonable position and support of the lower retracement channel will cause serious deformation and damage to the surrounding rock. Taking the Yanzishan coal mine as the engineering background, the deformation and failure characteristics of the retracement channel under different overlay environments and the key influencing factors of position design were discussed by numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field investigation. The results show that the coupling superposition of upper coal pillar high stress and mining dynamic pressure will form a dangerous area with severe ground pressure behavior. The retracement channel should be preferentially designed in zone A (overlying mining roadways), followed by zone B (overlying end‐mining coal pillar), and finally, zone C (overlying section coal pillar). In addition, the rational horizontal distance between the lower retracement channel and the upper end‐mining coal pillar should make the channel in a good stress environment. The safety distance between the retracement channel and the nearest main roadway (end‐mining coal pillar width) should be greater than the severe range of advance abutment pressure. Finally, the design principle and control strategy for the lower retracement channel is proposed. The feasibility and rationality of the study are verified by industrial applications.

Abstract Background The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an important mechanism by which tumour cells resist stressful environments and maintain malignant proliferation. However, the mechanism by which the PPP regulates these processes in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Methods Closely related PPP genes were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases. The effect of ATP13A2 on CRC cell proliferation was evaluated by performing in vitro assays. The connection between the PPP and ATP13A2 was explored by assessing proliferation and antioxidative stress. The molecular mechanism by which ATP13A2 regulates the PPP was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase experiments. The clinical therapeutic potential of ATP13A2 was explored using patient‐derived xenograft (PDX), patient‐derived organoid (PDO) and AOM/DSS models. Findings We identified ATP13A2 as a novel PPP‐related gene. ATP13A2 deficiency inhibited CRC growth and PPP activity, as manifested by a decrease in the levels of PPP products and an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, whereas ATP13A2 overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ATP13A2 regulated the PPP mainly by affecting phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) mRNA expression. Subsequent studies showed that ATP13A2 overexpression promoted TFEB nuclear localization by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TFEB, thereby enhancing the transcription of PGD and ultimately affecting the activity of the PPP. Finally, ATP13A2 knockdown inhibited CRC growth in PDO and PDX models. ATP13A2−/− mice had a lower CRC growth capacity than ATP13A2+/+ in the AOM/DSS model.Our findings revealed that ATP13A2 overexpression‐driven dephosphorylation of TFEB promotes PPP activation by increasing PGD transcription, suggesting that ATP13A2 may serve as a potential target for CRC therapy.

Abstract Coil design and performance analysis are critical for the electromagnetic forming (EMF) process. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the coil conductivity, and the influence of eddy current effects in coil conductors on the forming process has not been well understood. This work aims to address these problems through numerical and experimental investigations. It is found that, due to the eddy current effects, the uneven current distribution appears in the coil conductors that should be considered when analysing the forming process, especially for the cases with large heights of coil conductors. Meanwhile, an important and interesting discovery is that the eddy current effects can greatly reduce the sensitivity of the coil conductivity with respect to the workpiece deformation, the Joule heating and the temperature rise in the coil. For instance, compared to a forming system with a copper coil, the forming height of the workpiece in the forming system with an AA5083‐O coil is reduced by less than 5 % under the same discharge energy, while the copper conductivity is 3.3 times that of the latter. These results are helpful to understand the EMF process and achieve the optimal design of coils.

Abstract On the coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM maize, the isolation distance plays an important role in controlling the transgenic flow. In this study, maize gene flow model was used to quantify the MTD0.1% and MTD1% in the main maize‐planting regions of China; those were the maximum threshold distance for the gene flow frequency equal to or lower than 1% and 0.1%. The model showed that the extreme MTD1% and MTD0.1% were 187 and 548 m, respectively. The regions of northern China and the coastal plain, including Hainan crop winter‐season multiplication base, showed a significantly high risk for maize gene flow, while the west‐south of China was the largest low‐risk areas. Except for a few sites, the isolation distance of 500 m could yield a seed purity of better than 0.1% and meet the production needs of breeder seeds. The parameters of genetic competitiveness (cp) were introduced to assess the effects of hybrid compatibility between the donor and recipient. The results showed that hybrid incompatibility could minimize the risk. When cp = 0.05, MTD1% and MTD0.1% could be greatly reduced within 19 m and 75 m. These data were helpful to provide scientific data to set the isolation distance between GM and non‐GM maize and select the right place to produce the hybrid maize seeds.

Abstract The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes a significant impact on public health. It is critical to diagnose COVID‐19 patients so that they can receive reasonable treatments quickly. The doctors can obtain a precise estimate of the infection's progression and decide more effective treatment options by segmenting the CT images of COVID‐19 patients. However, it is challenging to segment infected regions in CT slices because the infected regions are multi‐scale, and the boundary is not clear due to the low contrast between the infected area and the normal area. In this paper, a coarse‐refine segmentation network is proposed to address these challenges. The coarse‐refine architecture and hybrid loss is used to guide the model to predict the delicate structures with clear boundaries to address the problem of unclear boundaries. The atrous spatial pyramid pooling module in the network is added to improve the performance in detecting infected regions with different scales. Experimental results show that the model in the segmentation of COVID‐19 CT images outperforms other familiar medical segmentation models, enabling the doctor to get a more accurate estimate on the progression of the infection and thus can provide more reasonable treatment options.

Abstract Oxide‐based photoelectrodes commonly generate deep trap states associated with various intrinsic defects such as vacancies, antisites, and dislocations, limiting their photoelectrochemical properties. Herein, it is reported that rhombohedral GaFeO3 (GFO) thin‐film photoanodes exhibit defect‐inactive features, which manifest themselves by negligible trap‐states‐associated charge recombination losses during photoelectrochemical water splitting. Unlike conventional defect‐tolerant semiconductors, the origin of the defect‐inactivity in GFO is the strongly preferred antisite formation, suppressing the generation of other defects that act as deep traps. In addition, defect‐inactive GFO films possess really appropriate oxygen vacancy concentration for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result, the as‐prepared GFO films achieve the surface charge transfer efficiency (ηsurface) of 95.1% for photoelectrochemical water splitting at 1.23 V versus RHE without any further modification, which is the highest ηsurface reported of any pristine inorganic photoanodes. The onset potential toward the OER remarkably coincides with the flat band potential of 0.43 V versus RHE. This work not only demonstrates a new benchmark for the surface charge transfer yields of pristine metal oxides for solar water splitting but also enriches the arguments for defect tolerance and highlights the importance of rational tuning of oxygen vacancies.

Abstract The application of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is limited by the sluggish surface oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. OER kinetics can be effectively improved through cocatalyst engineering. However, the tardy transfer process and serious recombination of carriers are the key factors restricting the cocatalyst development. Taking BiVO4 as an example, a Co‐modified heme film rich in large conjugated ring structures is introduced onto the photoanode surface using a solvothermal method. This film functions as an efficient cocatalyst. It considerably reduces the surface overpotential, promotes the transfer of photogenerated holes, and boosts the kinetics of OER by specifically affecting the formation of OOH*. Simultaneously, the formed CoOV bonds induce strong interaction at the photoanode/cocatalyst interfaces, reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Consequently, the onset potential of the optimized photoanode decreases from 0.45 to 0.07 V and the photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode boosts to 5.3 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a facile strategy for designing cocatalysts to obtain rapid hole transfer capability and reduced carrier recombination for improved PEC performance.

Abstract Mounting evidence implicates extracellular vesicles (EVs) factors as mediators of cell therapy. Cardiosphere‐derived cells are cardiac‐derived cells with tissue reparative capacity. Activation of a downstream target of wnt/β‐catenin signalling, tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO2) renders therapeutically inert skin fibroblasts cardioprotective. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which concentrated conditioned media from TDO2‐augmented fibroblasts (TDO2‐CCM) exert cardioprotective effects. TDO2‐CCM is cardioprotective in a mouse model of MI compared to CCM from regular fibroblasts (HDF‐CCM). Transcriptomic analysis of cardiac tissue at 24 h demonstrates broad suppression of inflammatory and cell stress markers in animals given TDO2‐CCM compared to HDF‐CCM or vehicle. Sequencing analysis of TDO2‐EV RNA demonstrated abundance of a small Y‐derived small RNA dubbed ‘NT4’. Purification of TDO2‐EVs by size‐exclusion chromatography and RNAse protection assays demonstrated that NT4 is encapsulated inside EVs. Consistently with TDO2‐CCM, macrophages exposed to NT4 showed suppression of the inflammatory and cell stress mediators, particularly p21/cdkn1a. NT4‐depleted TDO2‐CCM resulted in diminished immunomodulatory capacity. Finally, administration of NT4 alone was cardioprotective in an acute model of myocardial infarction. Taken together, these findings elucidate the mechanism by which TDO2 augmentation mediates potency in secreted EVs through enrichment of NT4 which suppresses upstream cell stress mediators including p21/cdkn1a.

Magnetic soft robots (MSRs) have attracted growing interest due to their unique advantages in untethered actuation and excellent controllability. However, actuation strategies of these robots have long been designed out of heuristics. Herein, it is aimed to develop an intelligent method to solve the inverse problem of finding workable magnetic fields for the actuation of strip‐like soft robots entirely based on deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Magnetic torques and a dissipation force to the Cosserat rod model are introduced, and the developed model to simulate the dynamics of MSRs is utilized. Meanwhile, under the reinforcement learning framework, soft robots to move forward without human guidance are successfully trained, and the results intelligently adapt to different magnetization patterns and magnetic field restrictions. The learned actuation strategies by directly applying simulated magnetic fields to real MSRs in an open loop way are validated. The experimental results show good accordance with simulations. By presenting the first case of using strategies entirely generated by reinforcement learning to control real MSRs, the potential of using reinforcement learning to achieve autonomous actuation of MSRs is demonstrated, which can be used to establish a route for the creation of highly adaptive design framework.

Abstract The development of highly safe and low‐cost aqueous batteries is of great significance in the background of carbon neutrality. However, the practical deployment of aqueous batteries has been plagued due to their relatively low capacity and poor cycling stability. Herein, we propose unique conversion electrochemistry of copper selenides for robust and energetic aqueous charge storage. In situ X‐ray diffraction and operando Raman techniques reveal a reversible transformation from CuSe to Cu2Se through the intermediates of Cu3Se2 and Cu1.8Se. Such a conversion process activates the redox carrier of Cu2+ ion and delivers a remarkable rate capability of 285 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and electrochemical durability up to 30,000 cycles. Furthermore, Cu2+ and H+ coinsertion chemistry is proposed to facilitate the conversion process. As a proof‐of‐concept, a hybrid aqueous pouch cell coupling CuSe//Zn is capable of affording maximum energy and power densities of 190 Wh kg–1 and 1366 W kg−1, respectively.

Abstract The mechanism of community assembly is the core of ecological research. Using phylogenetic‐based and functional trait‐based methods jointly to explore the processes is a useful way to explain the change in assembly mechanisms. The present study combined these methods to explore the mechanism of plant community assembly in alpine meadows at different altitudes on the northeast Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. We established a permanent study plot of 1.85 × 105 m2 and investigated 162 quadrats of 50 × 50 cm. We calculated the species richness, phylogenetic diversity (PD), standardized effect sizes PD (SES·PD), mean pairwise distance (SES·MPD), mean nearest taxon distance (SES·MNTD), and analyzed plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals. We found that the species richness and PD of plant community showed a “hump‐shaped” pattern, SES·PD showed a decreasing trend, and the phylogenetic structure changed from overdispersion (SES·MPD > 0, SES·MNTD > 0) to clustering (SES·MPD 0) with increasing altitude. Specific leaf area, leaf carbon content, and leaf phosphorus content had weak phylogenetic signals (K 0.05). The above results showed that competitive exclusion was the main driving force of community assembly at low altitudes (3000 and 3250 m), and habitat filtration was the main driving force of community assembly at high altitudes (4000 and 4500 m). For medium altitudes (3500 and 3750 m), the habitat was more complex because it was in the transition area between high and low altitudes, so the process of community construction may be random, habitat filtering, or competitive exclusion. On the whole, the niche process (deterministic process) was more important in driving for plant community assembly in the alpine meadow of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.

Abstract Cross modal retrieval can retrieve images through a text query and vice versa. In recent years, cross modal retrieval has attracted extensive attention. The purpose of most now available cross modal retrieval methods is to find a common subspace and maximize the different modal correlation. To generate specific representations consistent with cross modal tasks, this paper proposes a novel cross modal retrieval framework, which integrates feature learning and latent space embedding. In detail, we proposed a deep CNN and a shallow CNN to extract the feature of the samples. The deep CNN is used to extract the representation of images, and the shallow CNN uses a multi‐dimensional kernel to extract multi‐level semantic representation of text. Meanwhile, we enhance the semantic manifold by constructing cross modal ranking and within‐modal discriminant loss to improve the division of semantic representation. Moreover, the most representative samples are selected by using online sampling strategy, so that the approach can be implemented on a large‐scale data. This approach not only increases the discriminative ability among different categories, but also maximizes the relativity between different modalities. Experiments on three real word datasets show that the proposed method is superior to the popular methods.

Abstract Rectal indomethacin and diclofenac are promising drugs for prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). However, their prophylactic effect on PEP in average‐risk patients remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of rectal indomethacin and diclofenac in average‐risk patients, and to indirectly compare the prophylactic effect of the two drugs. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on rectal indomethacin or diclofenac for prophylaxis against PEP. Fixed‐ and random‐effects models weighted by the Mantel–Haenszel method were used for direct comparisons. The adjusted indirect treatment comparison method was used to indirectly compare the efficacy of indomethacin and diclofenac. A total of 10 RCTs, including 2928 patients, met our inclusion criteria. No significant publication bias was identified. Pooled estimates showed that rectal indomethacin and diclofenac were associated with a significant reduction in the overall risk of PEP compared with control intervention [relative risk (RR) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46–0.83] in average‐risk patients. Subgroup analyses showed that both rectal indomethacin (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.94) and diclofenac (RR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.23–0.75) were effective in the prevention of PEP. Indirect comparison showed no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two drugs in the prevention of PEP (RR = 1.607; 95% CI: 0.824–3.136). The updated meta‐analysis suggests that both drugs provide equivalent protection against PEP in average‐risk patients.

Abstract Perovskite is an attractive building block for future optoelectronic applications. However, the strict fabrication conditions of perovskite devices impede the transformation of lab techniques into commercial applications. Here, a facile annealing‐free posttreatment is proposed to reconstruct the perovskite film to obtain high‐performance photodetectors with an optimized production rate. With posttreatment by methylamine thiocyanate, the prefabricated formamidinium‐lead triiodide (FAPbI3) film will undergo a recrystallization process consisting of a repeating phase‐transition‐cycle (PTC) between the black and yellow phases of FAPbI3, which improves the crystal quality and eliminates defects. As a result, some casually prepared or even decomposed perovskite films can be reconstructed, and the dispersion degree of the device performance based on the posttreatment method decreases by ≈21% compared to the traditional antisolvent method. This facile and annealing‐free posttreatment will be an attractive method for the future industrial production of perovskite devices.

Abstract Photodetectors generally operate exclusively in either the broadband or narrowband. Developing bifunctional photodetectors that can detect photons in both broadband and narrowband would bring significant versatility to the optoelectronic platform. Nevertheless, the design of bifunctional integrated devices remains challenging due to the differentiated strategies with respect to device structure and material combination. Herein, we propose introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone to increase the viscosity of the perovskite precursor solution, which introduces abundant defects and cavities into the perovskite film while maintaining a relatively low film thickness. Then, we use methylamine gas to postprocess the middle area of the film to promote directional recrystallization and densification, thereby realizing narrowband and broadband dual‐function photodetection in a single device at zero bias. Both ends of the film exhibit a near‐infrared peak response at 780 nm with a narrow full‐width at half maximum of approximately 30 nm without an external bias. The middle broadband photodetector exhibits a high responsivity of 329 mA W−1 and EQE up to 52.46% at 780 nm. We make full use of narrow‐band wavelength selective detection and broadband full‐spectrum detection to achieve double encryption during signal transmission. This work represents an important step toward the realization of perovskite‐based multifunctional integrated devices.

Abstract One of the functions of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which has received the most attention is their capacity to deliver RNA into the cytoplasm of target cells. These studies have often been performed by transfecting RNAs into sEV‐producing cells, to later purify and study sEV delivery of RNA. Transfection complexes and other delivery vehicles accumulate in late endosomes where sEV are formed and over 50% of transfection complexes or delivery vehicles administered to cells are released again to the extracellular space by exocytosis. This raises the possibility that transfection complexes could alter sEVs and contaminate sEV preparations. We found that widely used transfection reagents including RNAiMax and INTERFERin accumulated in late endosomes. These transfection complexes had a size similar to sEV and were purified by ultracentrifugation like sEV. Focusing on the lipid‐based transfection reagent RNAiMax, we found that preparations of sEV from transfected cells contained lipids from transfection complexes and transfected siRNA was predominantly in particles with the density of transfection complexes, rather than sEV. This suggests that transfection complexes, such as lipid‐based RNAiMax, may frequently contaminate sEV preparations and could account for some reports of sEV‐mediated delivery of nucleic acids. Transfection of cells also impaired the capacity of sEVs to deliver stably‐expressed siRNAs, suggesting that transfection of cells may alter sEVs and prevent the study of their endogenous capacity to deliver RNA to target cells.

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries are considered one of the most promising candidates for affordable and scalable energy storage as required in smart grid and renewable energy. One of the principal challenges sodium‐ion batteries being faced is to search suitable anode materials that can accommodate and store large amounts of Na+ ions reversibly and sustainably at reasonable galvanostatic rates. Molybdenum‐based materials such as oxides and sulfides might meet this challenge as they afford a capacity much greater than those of the carbonaceous materials and exhibit rich Na‐reaction chemistry. However, these materials are facing several technical issues, such as multiple‐phase transformation, particle pulverization as the result of volume swelling, and low surface activity during sodiation/desodiation. To tackle these issues, materials design and engineering are of indispensability. In this brief review, we present a state‐of‐the‐art overview of the research progress of molybdenum‐based materials for sodium storage, and highlight materials engineering strategies that are capable of addressing the mentioned challenges. We also offer valuable insights into their further development direction and discuss their potentiality in practical batteries.

Abstract Background The tumor microenvironment is associated with prognosis in advanced non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between blood T cell diversity and survival of patients treated with pemetrexed‐based chemotherapy for nonsquamous NSCLC. Methods This prospective clinical study enrolled 26 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with 4–6 cycles of first‐line pemetrexed combined with platinum‐based therapy. The complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) located in the T cell receptor beta chain (TCR β chain) was captured and deeply sequenced using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and the correlation between TCR changes and efficacy after chemotherapy was analyzed. Results Patients with an inferior quarter diversity index showed a significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) than the others (median, 5.0 months vs. 8.1 months, P = 0.014). After two cycles of chemotherapy, the TCR diversity was significantly higher than the baseline (P = 0.034). Just as with the baseline, patients with an inferior quarter diversity index at the endpoint of cycle 2 showed a shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) than the others (median, 5.0 months vs. 8.4 months, P = 0.024). Conclusions In advanced NSCLC patients treated with first‐line pemetrexed combined with platinum, the low level of blood TCR diversity at baseline with an endpoint of two cycles of chemotherapy was correlated with a poor prognosis.

Abstract Background X‐ray repair cross‐complementary 5 (XRCC5) and 6 (XRCC6) are critical for DNA repair. Few studies have assessed their association with breast cancer risk, and related gene‐environment interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the influence of XRCC5/6 polymorphisms on breast cancer risk, and their interactions with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction. Methods The study included 1039 patients with breast cancer and 1040 controls. Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC5 and two of XRCC6 were genotyped. Information about smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction was collected through questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and related 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed using unconditional logistic regression models. Gene‐environment interactions were analyzed using logistic regression with multiplicative interaction models. Results XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with increased breast cancer risk in the co‐dominant (ptrend = 0.003) and dominant (CA + AA vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07–1.56, p = 0.008) genetic models after Bonferroni correction. The CG + GG genotype of XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor‐negative/progesterone receptor‐negative (ER−/PR−) breast cancer (CG + GG vs. CC: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.12–2.13, p = 0.008) after Bonferroni correction. Moreover, an antagonistic interaction between XRCC5 rs16855458 and alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.017), and a synergistic interaction between XRCC6 rs2267437 and sleep satisfaction were associated with breast cancer risk (pinteraction = 0.0497). However, these interactions became insignificant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with breast cancer risk, and XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with the risk of ER−/PR− breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with XRCC5 and XRCC6 polymorphisms might vary according to alcohol consumption and sleep satisfaction, respectively, and merit further investigation.

Abstract Regenerative braking system can recovery energy in various electric vehicles. Considering large computation load of global optimization methods, most researches adopt instantaneous or local algorithms to optimize the recuperation energy, and incline to study straight deceleration processes. However, uncertain drivers' intentions limit the potential exploration of economy improvement, and simple test conditions do not reflect the complexity of actual driving cycles. Herein, an innovative control architecture is designed for intelligent vehicles to overcome these challenges to some extent. Compared with traditional vehicles, driverless ones would eliminate drivers' interferences, and have more freedoms to optimize energy recovery, route tracking and dynamics stability. Specifically, a series regenerative braking system is designed, and then a three‐level control architecture is first proposed to coordinate three performances. In the top layer, some rules with maximum recuperation energy is exploited off‐line for optimising the velocity and control commands on‐line. In the middle layer, local algorithm is used to track the commands and complex routes for optimal energy from a global perspective. In the bottom layer, hydraulic and regenerative toques are allocated. Tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design and control schemes.

Abstract Metals such as Sb and Bi are important anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because they feature a large capacity and low reaction potential. However, the accumulation of stress and strain upon sodium storage leads to the formation of cracks and fractures, resulting in electrode failure upon extended cycling. In this work, the design and construction of BixSb1−x bimetallic alloy films with a compositional gradient to mitigate the intrinsic structural instability is reported. In the gradient film, the top is rich in Sb, contributing to the capacity, while the bottom is rich in Bi, helping to reduce the stress in the interphase between the film and the substrate. Significantly, this gradient film affords a high reversible capacity of ≈500 mAh g−1 and sustains 82% of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C, drastically outperforming the solid‐solution counterpart and many recently reported alloy anodes. Such a gradient design can open up the possibilities to engineering high‐capacity anode materials that are structurally unstable due to the huge volume variation upon energy storage.

Abstract The interface properties of organic–inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells play a significant role in their photovoltaic performance. Defect states at the interface can decrease the power conversion efficiency through defect‐assisted charge recombination and degrade the long‐term stability. Low‐dimensional perovskites exhibit excellent stabilities. They can be combined with three dimensional (3D) perovskites to utilize their advantages for fabrication of high‐performance devices. In this study, we successfully construct a robust interface for perovskite films through mixed‐dimensional engineering. After the introduction of a one dimensional (1D)‐structured capping layer on the 3D perovskite through post‐treatment, the number of defect states in the perovskite film is significantly decreased, while the lifetime of the photocarriers is increased. In addition, the 1D capping layer can serve as a diffusion barrier to reduce the ion migration and protect the vulnerable 3D perovskite against moisture. Perovskite solar cells based on stacked 1D/3D structures exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 23.3% and maintain 80% of the initial efficiency after storage for over 800 h under ambient conditions with a humidity of 50%. Their performances are superior to those of the 3D devices. This study provides a simple approach to simultaneously enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells and may guide the development of other solar cells.

Abstract Cross‐coupled microwave filter with flexible topology is an essential component in a modern communication system. Among the various filter networks, the use of an extended box section can effectively reduce the difficulty of filter design, but the synthesis approach for this popular structure is not well developed. This paper presents the synthesis method based on the folded coupling matrix to derive the extended box sections. At the same time, an eighth‐degree filter with extended sixth‐degree box sections is synthesized to demonstrate the correctness of the approach. Finally, the new approach's feature to derive advanced circuits such as peculiar quintets is discussed, indicating that it has certain universality.

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by self‐renewal and ‐differential potential as compared to common cancer cells and play an important role in the development and therapeutic resistance of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). However, the specific pathogenesis of LIHC stem cells is still unclear, and the genes involved in the stemness of LIHC stem cells are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated novel biomarkers associated with LIHC and explored the expression characteristics of stem cell‐related genes in LIHC. We found that mRNA expression‐based stemness index (mRNAsi) was significantly overexpressed in liver cancer tissues. Further, mRNAsi expression in LIHC increased with the tumor pathological grade, with grade 4 tumors harboring the greatest stem cell features. Upon establishing mRNAsi scores based on mRNA expression of every gene, we found an association with poor overall survival in LIHC. Moreover, modules of interest were determined based on weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) inclusion criteria, and three significant modules (red, green, and brown) and 21 key genes (DCN, ECM1, HAND2, PTGIS, SFRP1, SRPX, COLEC10, GRP182, ADAMTS7, CD200, CDH11, COL8A1, FAP, LZTS1, MAP1B, NAV1, NOTCH3, OLFML2A, PRR16, TMEM119, and VCAN) were identified. Functional analysis of these 21 genes demonstrated their enrichment in pathways involved in angiogenesis, negative regulation of DNA‐binding transcription factor activity, apoptosis, and autophagy. Causal relationship with proteins indicated that the Wnt, Notch, and Hypoxia pathways are closely related to LIHC tumorigenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a novel CSC biomarker, mRNAsi, to predict the prognosis of LIHC. Further, we identified 21 key genes through mRNA expression network analysis, which could be potential therapeutic targets to inhibit the stemness of cancer cells in LIHC.