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Abstract An ideal porous adsorbent toward uranium with not only large adsorption capacity and high selectivity but also broad applicability even under rigorous conditions is highly desirable but still extremely scarce. In this work, a porous adsorbent, namely [NH4]+[COF‐SO3−], prepared by ammoniating a SO3H‐decorated covalent organic framework (COF) enables remarkable performance for uranium extraction. Relative to the pristine SO3H‐decorated COF (COF‐SO3H) with uranium adsorption capacity of 360 mg g−1, the ammoniated counterpart of [NH4]+[COF‐SO3−] affords ultrahigh uranium uptake up to 851 mg g−1, creating a 2.4‐fold enhancement. Such a value is the highest among all reported porous adsorbents for uranium. Most importantly, a large distribution coefficient, KdU, up to 9.8 × 106 mL g−1 is observed, implying extremely strong affinity toward uranium. Consequently, [NH4]+[COF‐SO3−] affords highly selective adsorption of uranium over a broad range of metal ions such as SU/Cs = 821, SU/Na = 277, and SU/Sr = 124, making it as effective uranium adsorbent from seawater, resulting in amazing uranium adsorption capacity of 17.8 mg g−1. Moreover, its excellent chemostability also make it an effective uranium adsorbent even under rigorous conditions (pH = 1, 8, and 3 m acidity).

The major components, 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy-xanthone (HM-1) and 1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-xanthone (HM-5) isolated from Halenia elliptica D. Don (Gentianaceae), could cause vasodilatation in rat coronary artery with different mechanisms. In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) was used to clarify the metabolic pathways, and CYP450 isoform involvement of HM-1 and HM-5 were also studied in rat. At the same time, in vivo inhibition effects of HM-1 and ethyl acetate extracts from origin herb were studied. Three metabolites of HM-5 were found in rat liver microsomes (RLMs); demethylation and hydroxylation were the major phase I metabolic reactions for HM-5. Multiple CYP450s were involved in metabolism of HM-1 and HM-5. The inhibition study showed that HM-5 inhibited Cyp1a2, 2c6 and 2d2 in RLMs. HM-1 inhibited activities of Cyp1a2, Cyp2c6 and Cyp3a2. In vivo experiment demonstrated that both HM-1 and ethyl acetate extracts could inhibit Cyp3a2 in rats. In conclusion, the metabolism of xanthones from the origin herb involved multiple CYP450 isoforms; in vitro, metabolism of HM-5 was similar to that of its parent drug HM-1, but their inhibition effects upon CYP450s were different; in vivo, Cyp3a2 could be inhibited by HM-1 and ethyl acetate extracts., (Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)